the costa concordia disaster consequences on international...
TRANSCRIPT
2Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
Summary
1. The Costa Concordia accident
2. The casualty investigation report
3. Response to Costa Concordia
a. IMO
b. EU Commission
c. Cruise ship industry
4. Improvement to the design
5. Conclusions
3Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
The Costa Concordia accident
► 13th January 2012
► 4229 on board (3206 passengers; 1023 crew)
► Collided with rocks close to island of Giglio off Italian coast – 21.45 hours
► 53 metres breach of hull involving 5 watertight compartments
► Capsized in shallow water
► 32 dead, 157 injured
4Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
Casualty Investigation Report of Italian Authorities
► Phase 1:
Events leading up to contact with rocks
Behaviour of master and passivity of bridge team
► Phase 2
Not promptly declaring emergency
Delay in gathering of passengers and crew at muster stations
Abandoning ship whilst passengers and crew still on board
5Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
OMI Response : MSC initiatives
► 90th Session (May 2012) MSC adopted Resolution that Member States should
recommend a passenger ship companies conduct a review of operational
measures in consideration of interim operational measures contained in MSC
Circular (Now MSC.1/Circ.1446)
► 92nd Session (May 2013) MSC
1. approved draft amendments to SOLAS Chapter III to require musters prior to
or immediately upon departure
2. approved revisions to recommended interim measures
(MSC.1/Circ.1446/Rev2
3. Revised and updated the long term action plan on passenger ship safety
6Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
OMI Response: operational measures
► Carrying additional lifejackets to be readily accessible in public spaces, muster
stations etc.
► Reviewing adequacy of dissemination and communication of emergency
instructions
► Carrying out muster for passengers prior to departure and inclusion of common
elements in musters and emergency instructions
► Limiting access to bridge and avoiding
distractions
► Ensuring voyage plan takes into account IMO Guidelines
Recommended Interim Measures for passenger ship
companies to enhance safety of passenger ships
Recommended Interim Measures for passenger ship
companies to enhance safety of passenger ships
7Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
Cruise Lines International Association
► Operational Safety Review launched to
evaluate existing safety procedures
identify industry best practices
develop new policies for rapid implementation to further enhance the safety of
passengers and crew
► Review guided by cruise industry members with the advice and input of an
independent panel of safety experts
► Resulted in 10 new policies
• Passenger Muster
• Passage Planning
• Personnel Access to the Bridge
• Excess Lifejackets Policy
• Recording the Nationality of Passengers
• Common Elements of Musters and Emergency
Instructions
• Lifeboat Loading for Training Purposes
• Harmonization of Bridge Procedures
• Location on Lifejacket Stowage
• Securing Heavy Objects
→
8Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
IMO Symposium on Future of Ship Safety
► On 10 and 11 June 2013 IMO hosted a major international symposium on
the future of ship safety attended by 500 delegates
► Symposium urges comprehensive review of existing safety regulations
► Some speakers suggested time for a new SOLAS convention – to keep
track with developments in science and technology
► Criticism of ‘grandfather clauses’
► Application of new standards to effectively 1% of ships
► Gap between safety of old and new ships
9Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
EU Commission Approach
1. Updating and/or amending existing EU legislation or (co)
sponsoring submissions for international standards at IMO
2. Continuing to enforce and implement existing rules and
draw lessons form best practice
3. Promoting voluntary commitments of the industry
► 20 January 2012 : Brussels orders passenger ship safety review
► 24 April 2012 :Passenger Ship Safety Stakeholder Conference
► The Commission is currently undertaking a passenger ship
safety legislative review of the current rules, in particular :
o operational issues such as watertight doors,
o safe return to port,
o evacuation procedures
with a view to preparing legislative
proposals in the near future
EU Commission approach
10Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
IMPROVEMENTS ON SOLAS RULES SINCE 2004 :
► Safe return to port : redundancy of vital equipments (propulsion, steering, navigation)
new ships built since 01/07/2010
► On board stability computer (or shore based support) for new ships built from
01/01/2014
► Flooding detection system in compartments for new ships built since 01/07/2010
► Electronic Chart Display System (ECDIS) for new ships built since 01/07/2011 (not
later than the 1st survey after 01/07/2012 for ships built before 01/07/2011) :
route planning and route monitoring system
► SOLAS 2009 new standard for the damage stability (probabilistic and deterministic)
COSTA CONCORDIA - keel laying date : 2004
Technical support in case of emergency situations
MSC.1/Circ1291 in spaces of volume greater than
max (30m3;TPcm at ds)
↔
↔
↔
SOLAS 2009
11Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE DESIGN :
► To limit the down flooding points on the bulkhead deck (ex stairs leading to spaces below the bulkhead deck)
► To re-assess the current possibility to have watertight doors left open at sea (continuous access of the crew to spaces including laundry,
food, machinery,..)
Under discussion at IMO :
12Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE DESIGN :
► To fit a double-skin protection in watertight compartments containing equipment : a preliminary study provided by the Italian
authorities (MSC 93/6/1) shows that the estimated maximum damage penetration is about 2.9 m (to be confirmed after
further survey)
Passenger ships have no double skin protection : exemple
Under discussion at IMO :
13Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE DESIGN :
► To increase the level of survivability of the ship with regard to the damage stability aspect (through the R factor : Required Subdivision
Index – Solas 2009)
Based on the European projects EMSA / GOALDS.
Under discussion at IMO :
→ GOALDS_1 & 2 are based on studies on the
improvement of the design of passenger ships (pax
and roro pax)
IMO has agreed a Phase 1 : moderate increase of
R still to be decided : 50% of the difference ?
Less ? More ? Applicable to new ships only or also
to existing ships ?
14Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
Some accidents with an impact on the increase of the survivability :
► Herald of Free Enterprise : 6th of March 1987
► Estonia : 28th of September 1994
Previous accidents
→ Solas 1990 (upgrading of the stability criteria)Solas 1974
Solas 1990 → Solas 1990 + Stockholm Agreement (additional effect of water on deck)
Both having retroactive application to existing ships
15Costa Concordia 12 March 2014
Conclusions
Importance of human error
Human error still an enormous factor in accidents
Despite technological advances accidents still happen for same human and
organizational reasons
Accident investigations may be missing some of human and organizational factors
Improvements on the design
An accident is always leading to additional rules for the improvement of the design, for
a better level of survivability