THE CONTRIBUTION OF UNHCR AND REFUGEE WELFARE IN UGANDA.

A CASE STUDY OF RWAMWANJA RERFUGEE SETTLEMENT

CAMP IN KAMWENGYE DISTRICT

BY

KOMUHANGI HILDAH

B1R1541201.15i/DU

A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL

SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELORS DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

MAY, 2018

-z

DECLARATION

I KOMUHANGI HILDAH declare that, this is my original work and has never been

submitted by any other person in any university or institution of higher learning for any

academic award of Diploma or Degree. I however do acknowledge all the infonnation

got from other sources and people from whom I received advice and other relevant

information.

Sign .

Date ~

APPROVAL

I declare that this research report has been done by the student under my supervision andguidance and is ready~~gnatuie

I’ iuzaare Gerald

DEDICATION

With great pleasure, I dedicate this report to my lovely mum Akampa Patience, my dadKatungye Elias, and the rest of the family members and friends.The blessing of God that is greater than every other understanding be upon you all.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank the Almighty God, for the gift of life, knowledge and wisdom accorded to me,

This Research report would not have been possible without the moral and technical

support of my lecturers, my friends with whom I have been interacting with during the

entire course. I sincerely acknowledge the invaluable guidance and inspiration accorded

to me by my supervisor. Muzaare Gerald (Snr) (HOD- Political Administrative Studies)

whose valuable ideas, guidance and encouragement I greatly appreciate and value.

In a special way I acknowledge the entire staff (lecturers especially of International

Relations) in the Department of Political administrative Studies and College of

Humanities and Social Services and Kampala International University community, for

their valuable ideas and time.

I am grateful to the staff members of UNHCR and its partners in Rwamanja Refugee

settlement Camp, for allowing me to visit the camp and carry out my research in the area.

Your kind cooperation and assistance has helped me reach this far.

May the Almighty God reward all of you abundantly.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS V

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

ABSTRACT IX

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

I Background of the Study

1 .2 Contextual background 3

1.3 Problem Statement 6

1.4 Purpose of the Study 7

1.5 Objectives of the study 7

1.6 Research Questions 7

1.7 Scope of the Study 8

1,8 Significance of the Study 8

CHAPTER TWO 9

LiTERATURE REVIEW 9

2.0 introduction 9

2.1 Conceptual Framework 9

2.2. Nature of the contribution 10

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 17

3.0 Introduction 17

3.1 Research Design 17

v

3.2 Study Population .17

3.3 Sample Size 18

3.4 Sampling Procedure 18

3.5 Data collection methods 19

3.6 Data Collection Instruments 19

3.7. Interview Guide 19

3.8. Validity 20

3.8.2 Reliability 21

3.9 Data Gathering Procedures 21

3.10 Data Analysis 22

3.11 Ethical Considerations 22

3.12 Limitations 22

CHAPTER FOUR 23

DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS 23

4.0 Introduction 23

4.lDernographic characteristics of respondents 23

4.2 The contribution of UNHCR towards refugee welfare 25

CHAPTER FIVE 32

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32

5.0 Introduction 32

5.1 Discussion of findings 32

5.2 Conclusions 38

5.3 Recommendations 39

5.4 Areas of further research 40

REFERENCES 41

APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE 43

APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW GUIDE 46

APPENDIX III: KREJCIE AND MORGAN TABLE 47

vi

LIST OF TABLES

Table3.1: Respondents of the study 18

Table 4.1 Demographic characteristics respondents 23

Table 4.2: Showing Gender of respondents 24

Table 4.3: Showing marital status 24

Table 4.4: Showing educational level 25

Table 4.5 Showing position:25

Table 4.2.1 Access tohealth 26

Table 4,2.2: Access towater 27

Table 4.2.3 Access toeducation 28

Table 4.2.4 Access to toilet and other sanitation services 29

Tabie 4.2.5 Responses on shelter 30

TabI.e 4.2.6 Responses on food support from UNHCR 31

vi’

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.2 Showing conceptual framework 9

VIII

ABSTRACT

The study assessed the contribution of UNHCR and Refugee welfare Rxvamanja Refugeesettlement camp, Kamwenge District,Western Uganda. It was guided by five specificobjectives, that included; (i) To assess the contribution of LTNCHR towards healthservices, (ii) To examine the contribution of liNT-ICR towards provision of water services(iii) To establish the role of UNHCR in provision of education services (iv) To identifythe role of UNHCR in providing sanitation services (v) To assess the role of UNHCR inproviding access to shelter refugees in communities. This study used the descriptivecross-sectional survey design and was used to collect data from different respondents(e.g.camp administrators) at the same period of time. A sample size of 40 respondentswas used and was determined using Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) for determiningthe sample size from the population. The questionnaire and interview guide were used asthe research instruments. Descriptive statistics used in this study included frequencies andpercentages. The findings revealed the following: The results indicate that UNHCRcontributes greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health facilities and services

in the host areas though it is not adequate to all refugees in the area; indicating that theyhave access to water provided by UNFICR or but there could be challenges to accessingwater services in the refugee camp, which may include the distance and ciuality of wateraccessed; the results revealed that respondents have access to education services asprovided by UNHCR, most especially Primary education, indicating a relatively highaccessibility to school and education services by children of refugees in the camp as afundamental human right which should be enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee orother people in the host communities; the findings revealed that refugees in Rwamanjasettlement camp have access to toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR;the findings revealed that the respondents get food support from UNHCR, mostespecially in terms of posho and beans rations. The researcher recommended that it isimperative that the Government of Uganda and hosting Local Governments shouldmobilize for more resources especially funds that are vital in re -settlement of refugees inthe area to supplement of IJNHCR’s efforts; there is need for Government of Uganda incollaboration with UNI-ICR to improve referral and health services. There is need forUNHCR to work closely with the host country and communities in providing access toeducation services by embracing the local education system especially governmentprogrammes like Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary which will go along way in enabling the refugees to have access to education.

ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, problem statement, study

purpose, objectives of the study, research questions and scope of the study, significance of the

study, justification and definition of key concepts.

1.1 Background

Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers since achieving its independence in 1962.

The country has been praised for having one of the most progressive and generous refugee laws

and policy regimes in the world. In fact, the 201 6 United Nations Summit for Refugees declared

Uganda’s refugee policy a model (UNDP report, 2017),

The 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for integration of refugees within

host communities with refugees having access to the same public services as nationals. They

have freedom of movement and are free to pursue livelihood opportunities, including access to

the labour market and to establish businesses, go to school, and access to documentation; they

are also allocated land for shelter and agricultural use. These laws ensure the dignity of the

individur~l and provide pathways for refugees to become self-reliant (G0U strategic frame work,

2017; UND? report, 2017). The settlement approach, combined with these laws and freedoms,

provide refugees in Uganda with some of the best prospects for dignity, normality, and self-

reliance found anywhere in the world. These factors also create a conducive environment for

pursuing development-oriented planning for refugee and host communities. Rather than being

hostedl in camps, refugees are settled in villages, located within refugee—hosting districts. The

majority— more than 80 percent—of refugees in Uganda are hosted in settlements in a refugee-

hosting district. Land for shelter and agriculture has been, for the most part, gazetted by the

government for the settlement areas. Where land has not been gazetted, the Government has

negotiated for land with host-community leaders. In some areas, refugees make up more than one

third of the total local sub-county population (GoU strategic frame work, 2017).

1

The situalion of many refugees living in Uganda is protracted. More recently, prolonged conflict

in the surrounding countries of South Sudan, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo

have led to new refugee arrivals in Uganda. Uganda is now the largest refugee hosting country in

Africa, and the third largest globally (UNDP report, 201 7).

Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers at an average of about 16 1,000 per year.

Since 2012, the number has peaked, placing Uganda at the forefront of the Horn of Africa

countries addressing a regional refugee crisis. Uganda is currently hosting 1,252,470 refugees

and asylum seekers and it’s the largest refugee hosting country in Africa and the third largest in

the world (GoTJ and UNHCR, 2017).

Uganda is currently hosting the highest numbers of refugees in Africa, and the third largest

globally. The total refugee population stands at 1.2 million, higher than at any time in its history.

Women and girls represent 54% of the total refugee population, while children constitute 59%.

This has created a compounded refugee crisis, comprised of a recent refugee influx notably from

South Sudan, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in addition to a protracted refugee

situation. This is at a time when forced displacement has become the single most defining

humanitarian!development challenge globally, having reached unprecedented levels in 2016 and

thus far shows no signs of abating (GoU solidarity summit on refugees, 201 7).

Refugees are mainly coming lI~om the surrounding conflict—affected countries of South Sudan,

the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Rwanda and Burundi. 69.3 percent of all refugees

are coming from South Sudan and 20.6 percent from the Democratic Republic of Congo. 6.8

percent of them are from Buruncli and Somalia; the remaining 3.3 percent are mainly from

countries in the Horn of Africa. Refugees from South Sudan are largely hosted in the West Nile

sub-region; those from the Democratic Republic of Congo in the South West.

The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) works with the Government of Uganda, through OPM,

other UN agencies, NGOs and civil society in providing protection and support to people of

concern. The Govemmei~t of Uganda (OPM) ensures the security of all refugees and has a

generous policy which provides refugees in settlements with plots of land (50 metres x 50

2

metres) in order for them to become self-sufficient (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet,

2014).

1.2 CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUD

Since the beginning of 2012 Uganda has faced a large influx of refugees from the Democratic

Republic of Congo (DRC). Rwamwanja settlement was re-opened by the Uganclan Office of the

Prime Minister (OPM) on the 17 April 2012 to accommodate these new refugee arrivals from the

DRC. Rwamwanja has a maximum capacity of 55,000 people. The security situation in eastern

DRC has been volatile since July 2011 causing refugees to cross into Uganda at a regular rate.

However, fresh fighting in April 2012 between break-away militia the M-23 and the DRC

government forces (FARDC) as well as other local armed groups such as the Mai Mai and the

FDLR has uprooted thousands of refugees and caused fresh influxes of relugees. Despite the

defeat of M23 forces in November 2013 refugees continue to cross into Uganda as a result of

continuing insecurity in the region (UNHCR Uganda Rwarnwanja fact sheet, 201 4).

Most refugees rely on food assistance until they are able to provide for themselves using land the

Ugandan government provides for their use. Refugees receive high-energy biscuits at the border

crossing pcmts and hot meals in transit/reception centers, while they wait to be settled to their

residential plot. A settling-in ration is provided when refugees move to their new plots and

monthly food rations or cash transfers are provided thereafter. Refugees also receive

supplementary rations of specialized nutritious food to treat and prevent moderate acute

malnutrition. In some areas, refugees and host community farmers are supported to improve

post-harvest management both at household and community level and to access markets for any

surplus they produce. The food sector faces a critical shortage of funds to meet the basic food

needs of refugees in Uganda. Because of funding shortages, around 200,000 people who have

been in the country since before mid-2015 are receiving half rations since August 2016. In May

2017, there was a significant shortage of food commodities. The lean season in Uganda, coupled

with high demands of food in the region resulted in key commodities such as cereals not arriving

on time, leading to distribution delays in May 2017 and many receiving incomplete food baskets.

3

With respec~t to the broader geographic area, according to the February to September 2017

Outlook by the Famine Early Warming Systems Network (FEWS NET), refugee hosting areas of

Northern Uganda, as well as other parts of the country were most likely to be negatively

impacted by the June 2017 lean season; a result of poorly distributed rainfall, below-average

production and dwindling food stocks. By July however, per the outlook, food security is

expected to improve to Stressed level (IPC Phase 2) with the predicted green harvest, These

gains are dependent on the impact of the Fall Army Worm (FAW) on crop production in the

country.

Health and Nutrition

Health services are challenged by the increasing influx of refugees. Integration and quality of

services are particularly affected given the high requirements for health care for refugees and the

host population. Refugees comprise more than 50% of the population in some of the districts, all

dependent on available health services. There are gaps in provision of quality integrated sexual

and reproductive health (SRI-I) services (comprehensive maternal health, family planning and

HIV prevention) especially for married women and youth 1 5 to 24 years. The health workforce is

overstretched, affecting health services delivery. Difficulties in maintaining the cold chain for

vaccines is affecting uptake of routine antigens among refugees also. 43% of’ health

infrastructures are operating in temporary structures, referral facility capacity is largely

compromised, ambulance fleets are old and inadequate and communicable disease prevention

control still face challenges.

The findings from SMART surveys conducted during a recent Food Security Needs Assessment

in December 2016 shows the level of acute malnutrition in the refugee hosting districts is

classified as poor to serious. For example, in the North West settlements, Rhino Camp has the

highest prevalence of global acute malnutrition at 14.2% classified as “serious” according to the

WHO.

The emergency response programme implements management of acute malnutrition Where the

performance indicators show that the recovery rates for severe acute malnutrition the country

has been hosting an average of approximately 1 6 1,000 refugees per year. As of December 20 1 5,

4

there were over 477,187 refugees and 35,779 asylum-seekers in Uganda in nine host districts

located mainly in the northern, southern, and southwestern regions of the country. The refugees

come from 13 countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Somalia,

Rwanda, Burundi, and Eritrea. Congolese account for 41.7 percent of total refugees in Uganda,

followed by the South Sudanese at 39.4 percent. Uganda’s refugee laws are among the most

progressive in the world. Refugees and asylum seekers are entitled to work; have freedom of

movement; and can access Ugandan social ser- vices, such as health and education. But refugee-

impacted areas are at risk due to underlying poverty, vulnerability, and limited resilience to

shock further exacerbated by the presence of refugees. The government of Uganda, in

collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNI-{CR) and partners,

has taken steps to strengthen the self-reliance and resilience of refugees and their host

communities. The 2006 Refugees Act and 2010 Refugees Regulations. The 2006 Refugees Act

and the 2010 Refugees Regulations embody key refugee protection principles and freedoms: (1)

the right to own and dispose of movable property and to lease or sublease immoveable property;

(2) the right to engage in agriculture, industry, and business.

The Ea~;t African region constitutes a flash-point of forced migration. With countries

simultaneou~Iy hosting and assisting internally displaced persons, refugees, returnees, victims of

trafficking, as well as labor migrants, the region stands out in the management of refugees.

However, the trend is becoming complex and dynamic in today’s refugee crisis reality.

Currently the EAC consists of six member states, i.e. Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and South

Sudan. On country level, countries that are recipients of refugees like Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania

and Rwanda, Burundi face a myriad of challenges in the management of refugees; although, the

laws, policies and attitudes towards refugees vary from country to country. Uganda has made a

transition from relief to a development self-reliance strategy due to the unprecedented of

refugees and the protracted situations under which they are living For decades now, Uganda has

been a favorable destination for refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring conflict-afflicted

areas such as Burnndi, Rwanda, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sierra

Leone, Senegal, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The country’s first experience of

welcoming refugees dates back to World War II when 7,000 Polish refugees fleeing the violence

5

in Europe were hosted in Nyabyeya and Kojja in 1942 and were later resettled in Britain,

Australia and Canada. In 1955, Uganda became deeply immersed in the “refugee problem” after

78,000 Sudanese refugees entered during the Anyanya civil war; however, after the signing of

the Addis Ahaba Accord in 1972, many were repatriated.2 This influx was soon followed by the

arrival of numerous refugees generated by unrest in the aftermath of the various struggles for

independence in Kenya, including the Mau Mau struggle. R~vandese, mainly of Tutsi origin,

escaping the disastrous civil strife of 1959 also fled to Uganda. Similarly, Congolese, in the

aftermath of Patrice Lumumba’s assassination inl96l, sought safety in Uganda. Both the

Congolese and the Rwandese were settled in the same areas in western and southwestern

Uganda,3 with some being allpcated the pastoral lands in Nakivale and Oruchinga reFugee

settlements in Mbarara district; these camps were located in present-clay Isingiro district.

Although it is difficult to ascertain the number of Congolese refugees who migrated to Uganda,

several of them settled in Kyaka 1 refugee settlement near the Kazinga Channel in Kabarole

district; many also resettled among relatives in Kasese and Bundibugyo districts while others

moved to urban areas, such as Kampala.

The country also received several refugees From Ethiopia and Somalia during this period. As

peace and stability returned to Rwancla in 1994, owing to the victory of the Rwandan Patriotic

Army (RPA), many refugees were repatriated. This, in turn, generated an influx of over 1,000

refugees to Uganda, most of them of Hutu descent, who fled after the Rwanda Genocide. The

same would happen to the Congolese in 2000, when the UNHCR and the Ugandan government

promoted a repatriation project. The Congolese, however, were not as lucky as the Rwandese.

1.3 Problem statement

Refugees in host countries and communities are entitled to have access to social amenities like

access to education, health and nutrition, shelter, sanitation and safe drinking water according to

UNHCR report 2017, Refugee Act 2006; UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014).

However, given the range and magnitude, refugees are facing a lot of problems where by their

social life is at stake.

Refugees are facing the problem of limited access to education whereby they are allowed only to

have the lower level education that is according to the Refugees Act that guides refugees in

Uganda and beyond that level they pay for secondary education on their own. It becomes so

6

difficult for them to access higher level of education which makes them uneducated. More so

refugees are facing problems in health sector where few of them access full medication due to

unavailable health facilities in the given small health centers in their camps. Also refugees are

facing the problem low access to shelter equipments and facilities and safe drinking water due to

limited facilities and support from the host countries and communities which has resulted into

low standards of living and general poor welfare for refugees.

Over years government of Uganda as a host country through the OPM has been supporting

refugees to have access to education, health, shelter, food and nutrition and land among others;

these efforts have been supported by the international community and organizations like

UNHCR, WFP, WI-JO, UNDP (Refugee summit 2017 in Uganda; UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja

fact sheet 2014). The study was carried out to assess the contribution of LNHCR towards

improving refugee welfare in the host countries.

1.4 Purpose of the study

The pu~pdse of the study was to assess the contribution of IJNHCR and refugee welfare inUganda R,vamwanj a refugee settlement camp Kamwengye district.

1.5 Objectives of the study

The specific objectives of the study were:

i) To assess the contribution of UNCJ-IR towards health services

ii) To examine the contribution of IJNHCR towards provision of water services

iii) To establish the role of UNHCR in provision of education services

iv) To identify the role of UNHCR in providing sanitation services

v) To assess the i-ole of UNI-ICR in providing access to shelter refugees in communities.

1.6 Research questions

i) What is the contribution Of UNCHR towards health services

ii) What is the contribution of UNFJCR towards provision of water services

iii) What role does TJNHCR play in provision of education services

iv) What i-ole does UNHCR play in providing sanitation services

v) What role does TJNI-ICR play in providing access to shelter to refugee communities.

7

1.7 The Scope of the study

The scope of the study was categorized under geographical, content and time

1.7.1 Geographical scope

The study concentrated on Rwamwanj a refugee settlement camp. Rwamwan a was chosen

because it is the biggest refugee camp in south western Uganda. Rwamwanja refugee settlement

camp is located in Kamwengye district in south western Uganda, the size of Rwamwanja

resettlement camp is 127.2km2 (49.1 miles2) with 36 villages and it is a home of ovçr 55000

refugees and asylum seekers (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014).

1.7.2 Content scope

The study concentrated on the contribution of UNI-ICR and refugee welfare in Rwamwanja

refugee settlement camp in Kamwengye district.

1.7.3 Time scope

The study was carried out within a period of six months including data collection, analysis and

submission of final report.

1.8 Significance of the study

The findings of the study will help the government of Uganda especially the office of OPM on

how to handle the problems of refugees as host country in (lay to day lives which will help in

improvmg their standards of living.

The findings will help the refugees on how to deal with their problems regardless of no help

rendered to them and be aware of their rights and refugees according to the refugee act of 2006

The study will benefit th~ policy makers since the study made effective recommendations to

improve refugee welfare

The study fmdings will benefit future researchers since the study has contributed to the existing

body of knowledge on refugee welfare and management.

8

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This chapter discusses the literature related to the contribution of UNHCR and the welfare of

refugees and the strategies to uplift their well being. The literature presented in here is organized

in line with study objectives. The chapter also shows the conceptualization of the study.

Figure 2.1: Conceptual framework showing the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare

Independent variable Dependent v~iriable

Contribution of UNHCR Refugee welfare

o Access to health services

o Provision of funds o Access to education services

o Monitoring and supervision • Access to food and nutrition• Access to sanitation and safe

drinking water

Intervening variable

Inadequate funding

Government policies

j~uesof insecurity

Source: Adopted from UNHCR report 2017; Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014

The framework above shows UNHCR contribution as independent variable with indicators like

financial contribution and monitoring on the other hand the frame work shows that refugee

9

welfare is a dependent variable which includes access to education, health, sanitation, food,

shelter. The frame work shows that when UNHCR makes contribution in terms of funding and

monitoring results into improved refugee welfare in terms of access to education, food, shelter,

good sanitation and health. However UNHCR is trying to improve refugee welfare if may face

some challenges like inability of funds, government policies and issues of insecurity.

2.2 Nature of the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare

Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers at an average of about 161,000 per year.

Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers since achieving its independence in 1962.

The country has been praised for having one of the most progressive and generous refugee laws

and policy regimes in the world. In fact, the 201 6 United Nations Summit for Refugees declared

Uganda~s refugee policy a model ( UNDP report,2017).

Since 2012, the number has peaked, placing Uganda at the forefront of the l-{om of Africa

countries addressing a regional refugee crisis. Uganda is currently hosting 1,252,470 refugees

and asylum seekers and it’s the largest refugee hosting country in Africa and the third largest in

the world (GoU and UNHCR, 2017).

The 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for integration of refugees within

host communities with refugees having access to the same public services as nationals. They

have freedom of movement and are free to pursue livelihood opportunities, including access to

the labour market and to establish businesses, go to school, and access to documentation; they

are also allocated land for shelter and agricultural use. These laws ensure the dignity of the

individual and provide pathways for refugees to become self-reliant (G0U strategic frame work,

2017; UNDP report, 2017).

Uganda is now home to 1.2 million refugees from 13 countries with at least 86°/a comprising of

women and children; these refugees are settled in various refugee settlements in nine districts,

the number surged, doubling from when a World Bank study on forced displacement and mixed

migration in the Horn of Africa estimated the number at 500,000.8 It is therefore argued that

Ugancla’s* forward looking approach is being stretched to its limits. Uganda is currently the

10

largest refugee-hosting country in Africa, after surpassing Ethiopia and Kenya in early 201 7.

Bidibidi became the largest refugee camp hosting more than 270,000 displaced persons (Winnie,

Claire, Ivan, 2017).

Uganda is currently hosting 1,252,470 refugees and asylum seekers the country is the largest

refugee hosting country in Africa and the third largest in the world (GoU and UNI-ICR, 2017).

The typical journey of a refugee in Uganda is characterized by an entry phase, settlement and

integration phases. During the entry phase, refugees spend between one to three days in a

reception centre, where they undergo health screening, registration of all household members and

are provided with nonfood items. If prima facie refugee status is not granted, a fact sheet for each

refugee is generated and used by the Refugee Eligibility Council (REC) to grant or deny refugee

status. During the settlement phase, land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to

refugees. During the integration phase, refugees can access various services, including education,

healthcare, water, security and protectio1~ and agriculture extension services (Uganda’s

contribution to refugee protection and management, UNDP 2017).

The contribution went to three UN agencies; UNHCR, WFP and UNDP that support refugees

and host communities in West Nile and South Western Uganda. UNI-ICR received USD

2,584,000 to provide services in public health; water, sanitation and hygiene; and livelihoods, to

refugees and asylum seekers from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi,

in Nakivale, Adjumani, Arua and Oruchinga districts. These projects are expected to benefit at

least 279,797 refugees and 83,939 members of the host communities (UN Uganda Bulletin Vol.

13, 28th April 20l7).

WFP received US$2,932,000 to assist with food and livelihood support. WFP will provide

lifesaving food assistance to approximately 509,000 refugees in the settlements of West Nile to

guarantee minimum food consumption and prevent deterioration of their nutrition status. In

addition, WFP will provide tailored livelihood support to some 12,000 households in refugee

hosting districts, targeting both refugees and host communities. This project aims to reduce post

harvest losses and improve food security by providing agricultural trainings and household level

storage equipment to farmers (UN Uganda Bulletin Vol. 13, 28~’ April 2017).

11

UNDP received USD 741,000 to create emergency employment for refugees and host

communities; provide business skills training and start up grants for micro-enterprise

development; and refurbish vocational training institutes in cooperation with JICA.

(UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13 28thApril 2017)

The project is expected to benefit over 5,000 refugees and Ugandan youth and women in Yumbe

district. It will build on UNDP’s preceding partnership with GoU in 2016 that supported border

stabilization, livelihoods and skills development for refugees and host communities in West Nile.

(UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13. 28th April 2017).

This was announced during a press conference addressed by Ambassador of Japan to Uganda,

i-I.E. Kazuaki Kameda; the Minister of Disaster Preparedness, IVlanagement and Refugees, Hon.

Hillary Onek; UN Uganda Resident Coordinator, Ms. Rosa Malango; UNHCR Representative,

Mr. Bornwell Kantande; and WFP Representative, Mr. El-Khidir Daloum at the Office of the

Prime Minister in Kampala 24th April 2017 (UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13 28thApril 2017).

While addressing the press, Ambassador of Japan to Uganda, H.E. Kazuaki Kameda, said that

the generous contribution by his government will provide the much-needed assistance to

refugees and host communities, focusing on health; water, sanitation and hygiene; food

assistance; and livelihoods. The Minister of Disaster Preparedness, Management and Refugees,

I—Ion. Hillary Onek appreciated the government of Japan for the contribution and assured the

world that Uganda will never build walls to keep away people seeking for shelter and protection.

(UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13, 28th April 2017).

Most refugees rely on food assistance until they are able to provide for themselves using land the

Ugandan government provides for their use. Refugees receive high-energy biscuits at the border

crossing points and hot meals in transit/reception centers, while they wait to be settled to their

residential plot (Uganda~s solidarity summit on refugees 22-23 June 2017). A settling-in ration is

orovided when refugees move to their new plots and monthly food rations or cash transfers are

provided ihereafter. Refugees also receive supplementary rations of specialized nutritious food to

treat and pievent moderate acute malnutrition. In some areas, refugees and host community

12

farmers are supported to improve post-harvest management both at household and community

level and to access markets for any surplus they produce. The food sector faces a critical

shortage of funds to meet the basic food needs of refugees in Uganda. Because of funding

shortages, around 200,000 people who have been in the country since before mid-2015 are

receiving half rations since August 2016. In May 2017, there was a significant shortage of food

commodities. The lean season in Uganda, coupled with high demands of food in the region

resulted in key commodities such as cereals not arriving on time, leading to distribution delays in

May 2017 and many receiving incomplete food baskets.

With respect to the broader geographic area, according to the February to September 20 17

Outlook by the Famine Early Warming Systems Network (FEWS NET), refugee hosting areas of

Northern Uganda, as well as other parts of the country were most likely to he negatively

impacted by the June 2017 lean season; a result of pooriy distributed rainfall, below-average

production and dwindling food stocks. By July however, per the outlook, food security is

expected to improve to Stressed level (IPC Phase 2) with the predicted green harvest. These

gains are dependent on the impact of the Fall Army Worm (FAW) on crop production in the

country. (Uganda’s solidarity summit on refugees 22-23 June 2017)

Health services are challenged by the increasing influx of refugees. Integration and quality of

services are particularly affected given the high requirements for health care for refugees and the

host population. Refugees comprise more than 50% of the population in some of the districts, all

dependent on available health services. There are gaps in provision of quality integrated sexual

and reproductive health (SRH) services (comprehensive maternal health, family planning and

l-IIV prevention) especially for married women and youth 15 to 24 years. The health workforce is

overstretched, affecting health services delivery. Difficulties in maintaining the cold chain for

vaccines is affecting uptake of routine antigens among refugees also. 43% of health

infrastructures are operating in temporary structures, referral facility capacity is largely

compromised, ambulance fleets are old and inadequate and communicable disease prevention

control still face challenges. (Uganda’s solidarity summit on refugees 22-23 June 2017)

According to a World Bank study, within refugee hosting districts, refugees and nationals face

similar development and basic service delivery challenges. However, relbgee-i mpactecl sub

counties are more vulnerable to shocks than non- impacted areas. This is due to refugees’

13

underlying ~ovei~y in relation to nationals, the demands on already-stressed resources, and

refugees’ limited resilience. The lack of resilience is mainly because their community

organization! social capital is not as robust, their livelihoods are less diverse, and they have less

assets or capital to carry them through difficult periods. For both refugees and host communities,

focus on community resilience ‘can help them better weather the impact of conflict (e.g. new

influx, community tensions), economic shocks (e.g. market price volatility, food ration

reductions) and environmental stress (e.g. drought, climate change) (Uganda’s solidarity summit

on refugees 22-23 June 2017).

Since the beginning of 2012 Uganda has faced a large influx of refugees from the Democratic

Republic of Congo (DRC). Rwamwanja settlement was re-opened by the Ugandan Office of the

Prime Minister (OPM) on the 17 April 201 2 to accommodate these new refugee arrivals from the

DRC. Rwamwanja has a maximum capacity of 55,000 people. (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwan~a

fact sheet 2014).

The security situation in eastern DRC has been volatile since July 2011 causing refugees to cross

into Uganda at a regular rate. However, fresh fighting in April 2012 between break-away militia

the M-23 and the DRC government forces (FARDC) as well as other local armed groups such as

the Mai Mai and the FDLR has uprooted thousands of refugees and caused fresh influxes of

refugees. Despite the defeat of M23 forces in November 2013 refugees continue to cross into

Uganda as a result of continuing insecurity in the region. (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact

sheet 2014).

Health: Most common diseases in Rwamwanja are malaria, respiratory tract infections and

watery diarrhea. There are also currently high instances of anaemia within the settlement, with

48.8% of women found to be anaemic. There is a health centre 111 at Rwamwanja base camp as

well as a newly constructed health centre II in Kyempango. There are 49 technical health staff on

the ground in the settlement comprising of AHA and local government staff. The clinician to

patient ratio is 1:100. There is one ambulance supported by UNHCR, 1 donated by MSF-F to

Al-IA and 1 provided by TJNFPA for referrals. Emergencies are referred to Fort Portal hospital

some 90km away. Around 170 Village Health teams (VHTs) are also used as a way to reach out

to the refugees outside of clinics and health centres. They are the entry point to health services

14

and help on issues including malaria control and prevention, HIV/Aids, nutrition and hygiene

promotion as well as mobilising the community for general health activities. There are 10 health

outreaches: 6 within the settlement and 4 in the host community. (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja

fact sheet 2014)

WASH: Rwarnwanja currently has 55 functional horeholes and shallow wells providing clean

and safe water to the refugees.5 1 of these are installed with hanclpumps, while 4 are motorized

with pipeline distribution to 11 tapstand locations (40 water taps). Water coverage at the end of

2013 was 13 litres per person per day. Rainwater harvesting is also clone at all health centres,

schools and reception centre; reducing the need to truck water to these locations. Household

latrine coverage is currently about 68% (49% of which are to LJNHCR standards) and there are

157 communal latrine stances in various institutions across the settlement (UNHCR Uganda

Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014)

Education: There are 20 early childhood cievelopment centers and child friendly spaces which

are run by Windle Trust Uganda (WTU) and Save the Children. There are 5 primary schools in

the settlement, 3 of which are run by UNHCR/WTU: Rwaimvanja primary, Mahani primary,

Nteziryayo primary and the newest - Kyempango primary. There is I secondary school.

UNHCR, through WTU, has recruited 100 trained teachers across the settlement. Child rights

clubs have been set up in 5 schools in Rwamwanja (Mahani primary, Nteziryayo primary,

Rwamwanja primary, Nkoma church of Uganda primary and Rwamwanja secondary) along with

Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and School Management Committees (SMCs). 8,135

refugee children were enrolled ~in 2013, giving 77 % of the total number of school going age

enrolled in primary education. The teacher: pupil ratio is 1:97 and classroom: pupil ratio is

1:145. (U1\THCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014).

SHELTER/SETTLEMENT

The typical journey of a refugee in Uganda is characterized by an entry phase, settlement and

integration phases. During the entry phase, refugees spend between one to three days in a

reception centre, where they undergo health screening, registration of all household members and

are provided with nonfood items. If prima facie refugee status is not granted, a fact sheet for each

15

refugee is generated and used by the Refugee Eligibility Council (REC) to grant or deny refugee

status.

During the settlement phase, land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to refugees.

During the integration phase, refugees can access various services, including education,

healthcare, water, security and protection and agriculture extension services

16

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0 introduction

This chapter presents in detail the research design, research population, sample size, sampling

procedure, data collection methods, research instruments, validity and reliability, data gathering

procedure, data analysis, ethical considerations and limitations of the study as employed in the

study.

3.1 Research Design

Mouton (2002:74) defines research design as a plan or blueprint of how one intends to conduct

the research. A research design focuses on the end product (research findings); formulates a

research problem and focuses on the logic of the research.

This study used the descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The cross-sectional research is a

research approach in which the researcher investigates the state of affairs in a population at a

certain point in time (Berbie, 2000). instead of using a census or a complete enumeration to get

information in the target population, in practice, the researcher collected data on only a small

part of the population to get information about the sampled elements of the population as a

whole. Very often, the elements in the sample survey are selected at random to make inference

about the population as a whole. Therefore, in the cross-sectional design, it was used to collect

data from different respondents (e.g.camp administrators) at the same period of time.

3.2 Research Population

The research focused on the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare in Uganda, a case of

Rwamwanja Refugee settlement camp. The population of the study is a selection of target groups

which are sampled. Population refers to the entire group of people, events or things of interest

that the researcher wishes to investigate (Myers, 2007:33). The target population was a total of

50 respondents including camp administrators, [TNT-ICR staff~ and Refugee leaders in Rwamanja.

The study population of the entire settlement camp is 750000 refugees according to UNHCR

records, 2017).

17

3.3 Sample Size

The researcher used Krejcie and Morgai~ Table (1970) for determining the sample size from the

population; so the researcher selected 57 respondents for the data collection by using that

formula. Given a total population of 57, a sample of 40 respondents was taken as illustrated in

table 3.1

Table 3.1: Respondents of the Study

S/N Categories — Target Population Sample Size

I OPM 11 5

2 UNHCR staff 13 10

3 RWC leaders 18 15

4 LWF leaders 15 10

Total 57 40

Source: Rwamanja Refugees office, 2018

3.4 Sampling Procedure

This study used stratified sampling technique. Stratified sampling technique is a technique that

identifies sub—groups in the population and their proportions and select from each sub-group to

form a sample. It groups a population into separate homogenous sub-sets that share similar

characteristics so as to ensure equitable representation of the population in the sample, Stratified

sampling technique was used to ensure that the target population is divided into different

homogenous strata and that each strata is represented in the sample in a proportion equivalent to

its size in the accessible population. Then the researcher used simple random sampling to select

respondents from each stratum.

3.4.lPurposive sampling

On the other hand. purposive sampling was also used in collecting data from key informants during the

interviews. Purposive sampling is described as a method of sampling where the researcher deliberately

chooses who to include in the study based on their ability to provide necessary data (Parahoo, 1997,

p.232). According to Amin, 2005, p.242; Monette, et al., 2002, p.232, purposive sampling is where the

investigator uses his/her judgment and prior knowledge regarding the participants from whom

information is collected.

18

3.5 Data Collection Methods

The researcher used primary and secondary data collection approaches. Primary data are data

generated from an original source. Primary data was collected through research questionnaire

and interview guide. Secondary data was collected through documentary review.

3.6 Research instruments for Data Collection

Research instruments used in this study include; questionnaire and interview guide. Self

administ~ed questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, while an interview guide was

used for ~~litative data from key informants. A questionnaire is a set of questions dealing with

some topic or related group of topics, given to a selected group of individuals for the puroses of

gathering information on a problem under consideration.

The questionnaire used was designed for technical people including camp leaders/administrators

and UNHCR staff among others. The Questionnaire was made of both closed and open ended

questions. The questionnaire used in this study was composed of the following:

(A) A set of questions on the demographic characteristics of respondents in terms of gender, age,

educational background and position in the camp.

(B) A set of questions on refugee welfare. Questions in this set were aimed at determining the

level of access to social services in Rwamanja Refugee camp. There were 6 questions in this set;

all of them were researcher madc.

3.7 Interview Guide

The researcher also used interview guide in oicler to supplement the questionnaire. According to

Saunders et al., 2007, an interview guide is the list of questions, topics and issues that the

researcher wants to cover during the interview. This also gives the researcher a sense of order

from which to draw questions from an unplanned encounter.

Interviews were used as part of qualitative data collection method (Cooper & Schindler, 2008).The use of

interviews is advantageous in a way that it enables the researcher to get a wide range of information

which is not captured in the questionnaires especially data that is not directly observable such as inner

experiences, opinions, values and interests (Bryman & Bell,2007).

19

The researcher administered interviews to key informants considered knowledgeable about the

subject matter and people considered important given their positions, for example camp

administrators, UN1-ICR staff among others. The justification for choosing this method was that

the researcher was seeking knowledge about the local leaders’, administrators’ opinion of

refugee we! fare services provided.

The interview guide covered areas on access to education, health services and water among

others. The interview guide was composed of a set of 16 questions on the contribution of

UNCHR and refugee welfare.

3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Instruments

A good measuring instrument such as questionnaire or interview guide should have high validity

and reliability. It should also he practically usable in terms of convenience, appl’opriateness,

storability and interpretability.

3.8,1Validity. Validity is the degree to which results obtained from the analysis of data actually

represents the phenomenon under study (Mugenda and Mugenda, 2003). Validity therefore, has

to do with how accurately the data obtained in the study represents the variables of the study. If

such data is a true reflection of the variables, then inferences based on such data will be accurate

and meaningful. Validity of the research instruments was verified by the researcher through

discussion of the items in the instruments with supervisor.

Using expert judgment, the researcher after designing the questionnaire, gave it to a few experts

in this field. These experts were asked to rate each question and declare whether it was relevant

in mcasL:ring the variable under study. Then the researcher counted the questions declared

relevant (valid) and those declared invalid and computed the content validity index (CVI). The

researcher used CVI to compute the validity of the instrument.

CVI = Number of questions declared validTotal number of questions in the questionnaire

= 6/8 =0.75

20

If the answer of CVI is not less than 0.70 according to Amin, 2005, then the questionnaire is

declared valid, otherwise it will be invalid. The CVI was 0.75 thus the questionnaire was

declared valid.

3.8.2 Reliability: Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) define reliability of an instrument as a measure

of the degree to which a research instrument yields consistent results or data after repeated trials.

Kothari (2004) observes that the reliability of the questionnaires test refers to the ability of that

test to consistently yield the same results when repeated measurements are taken of the same

individual under the same conditions.

The test-retest technique was used to determine the reliability (accuracy) of the researcher

devised instruments to ten qualified respondents, five from technical officers and five individual

refugees. These respondents were not included in the actual study. In this test- retest technique,

the questionnaires were administered twice to the same subjects. Responses from the first time

(test) were compared to responses of the second test (retest) and the results showed no significant

difference, thus the instrument was declared reliable.

3.9 Data Gathering Procedure

The following data collection procedures were implemented:

A. Before the administration Qf the questionnaires

The researcher requested for an introduction letter from the Department of Political and

Administrative Studids to solicit approval to conduct the study from respective authorities of the

area under the study. When approved, the researcher prepared a list of the qualified respondents

from the Camp authorities in charge and used stratified random sampling from this list to arrive

at the minimum sample size; from whom the questionnaires were administered to.

B. During the administration of the questionnaires

The respondents were requested to answer completely and not to leave any part of the

questionnaires unanswered. The researcher also emphasized retrieval of the questionnaires

within 5 clays from the date of distribution, And lastly, all returned questionnaires were checked

to ascertain whether they were all answered.

C. After the administration of the questionnaires

The data collected was organized, coded, summarized, statistically treated and drafted in tables

using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.

21

3.10 Data Analysis

Data analysis usually involves reducing the data collected to a manageable size, developing

summaries and looking for patterns or categories, and applying statistical techniques. To

determine the profile of the respondents, the frequency and percentage distribution were used.

3.11 Ethical Considerations

To ensure confidentiality of the information provided by the respondents and to ascertain the

practice of ethics in this study, the following activities were implemented by the researcher:

Objectivity: The researcher ensured objectivity when carrying out the research and any attempt

to bias results were considered unethical and therefore was avoided.

Respect: The researcher ensured that respect for the respondents was applied. Respect was

encompassed respecting the opinion of the respondents including the opinion to terminate the

interview whenever they would feel uncomfortable to continue, questioning style especially for

very personal and sensitive questions.

Also the researcher promised the respondents that their identity was not to be disclosed as there

was no writing of names on the questionnaires and that everything is to be confidential. The

researcher gave the respondents the truQ facts about the research in order to make informed

decisions about participating or not.

3.12 Limitations of the Studs’

In view o ~ the following threats to validity, measures indicated below were emphasized in order

to minimi~~Jf not to eradicate the threats to the validity of the findings of this study,

Testing: Using research assistants can bring about inconsistency in the administration of

the questionnaires in terms of time of administration, understanding of the items in the

questionnaires and explanations given to the respondents. To minimize this threat, the

research assistants were oriented and briefed on the procedures to be done in data

collection.

• Instrumentation: the research tools were non-standardized hence a validity and reliability

test were done to arrive at a reasonable measuring tool.

22

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.0 Intrc~duction

This chaptei gives presentation of data, analysis and interpretation of results which are given in

tables presented based on the study objectives and corresponding research questions. The chapter

also presents demographic characteristics of respondents and description of the objectives of the

study.

4.1 Demographic characteristics of the respondents

Table 4.1 shows the demographic characteristics of respondents by age group

Age group — Frequency Percentage (%)

21-30 10 - 25

31-40 5 12.5

41 and above 15 37.5

Total 40 100%

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4.1 shows that 15(37.5%) of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41

and above and these were mainly the RWC leaders who are the leaders of the zone within the

settlement, followed by 10 (25%) of the respondents in the age bracket of 2 1-30 who were

working within the UNHCR offices in the settlement who protect, monitor and support refugees

and 10 (25%) of the respondents in the study who were in the age bracket of 20 and these were

the youth who worked in the LWF office purposely For community services to reiugees~ and

further Table 4.1 reveals that 5 (12.5%) of the respondents in the study were in the age bracket of

31-40 and these were mainly working in the OPM office to monitor and give physical protection

to refugees, indicating that leadership of the resettlement camp is in the hands of experienced

people as well youth who also actively engage in refugee issues in the area.

Age was considered as one of the important variables in the study by the researcher because the

researcher sought to seek responses from a wide range of different age groups that is from men

23

and women. These respondents were selected for accuracy purpose and for this reason; only

respondents who knew how to read and write were selected to fill the questionnaires.

Table 4.2: Showing gender of the respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 25 62.5

~ Female 15 37.5

~ Total 40 100%

Source: Primary data

The researcher was also interested in getting views from both sexes in order to balance views

about the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare in Rwamwaja settlement camp in

Kamwengye district. Table 4.2 above shows that 25(62.5%) of the respondents in the study were

men whereas 15(37.5%) were female, indicating males dominance in refugee activities in the

camp. The high percentage of men~s respondents also implies the compatibility of men support

towards refugees in Rwamwanja settlement camp.

Table 4.3 shows marital status

Marital status Frequency Percentage (%)

Married 20 50% —

Single —- 10 25%

Separate~ 5 12.5%

Others — 5 12.5%

Total 40 100%

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4.3 above shows that majority of the respondents 20 (50%) were married

people, followed by 10 (25%), followed by 5 (12.5%) for both separated and others respectively,

indicating that the respondents in the area uphold the institution of marriage seriously because it

is believed that stable families promote peace and development in the area.

24

Table 4.4 shows the educational level of the respondents

Educational level of the respondents Frequency Percentage (%)

Certificai~ 5 12.5

Diploma 10 25

~ Degree 20 25

Others 5 12.5

Total 40 100%

Source: Primary data

Education level of respondents

The study findings from Table 4.4 reveals that most of the respondents 25% Degree and 25%

Diploma) had attained the education level of both Degree and Diploma, followed by certificate

level (12.5%) and others (12.5%) respectively, indicating a fairly educated workforce in the

refugee camp.

Table 4.5 showing the position

Position Frequency Percentage (%)

Camp leaders 15 37.5%

Administrators 25 62.5%

Total 40 100%

Source: Primary data

Table 4.5 shows that majority of the respondents (62.5%) held the position of administrators in

the camp, followed by 37.5% who held the position of camp leaders, indicating that most work

in the camp is in administration which involves monitoring, supervision and delivery of services

to the refugees in the camp.

4.2 The contribution of UNHCR towards refugee welfare

The variable of the study was reftigee welfare, and objective for this study was to assess the

status of refugee welfare in Rwamwanja refugee settlement camp. Refugee welfare in this study

was conceptualized as access to health, water, education, sanitation, food and shelter among

25

others. This section presents the responses of the respondents on the individual components of

refugee welfare. The j~~ei~,retations wore based on the frequency and percentages as given in the

tables.

4.2.1 Access to health services

On whether UNHCR provided the camp with health facilities or services, was examined using a

structured questionnaire with responseS of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent

to which they agreed with the question on whether ~HCR provided the camp with health facilities or

services. The responseS of the respondents were analyzed using frequencY and percentage scores as

shown in the Table 4.2.1

Table 4.2.1 RespoilSes on access to health facilities and services by UNHCRPerccntagc(%)

health facilitieS/Ser~hices

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4.2.1 sho\ved that 30 (75%) oF the respondents in the study said Yes that

they receive health support from UNHCR in partner with HAS from health centers (i.e.Health

Centres I to Health Centres lIT) in the area, while 10 (25%) of the respondents in the study said

NO, indicating that they don’t receive health support from ~HCR or there are challenges to

accessing health services in the refugee camp. The results indicate that UNHCR contributeS

greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health facilities and services in the host areas

though it is not adequate to all refugees in the area. The above arguments are supported by

responses from Key informants and discussions held with camp leaders and beneficiaries

(refugees) themselves. For example one camp leader from Rwamwaflja settlement camp had this

to say:

“UNHcR contributes sign~fIca;1tlY iii prOV1d111~ health services to the refugees in the

camp with help ofpartners by establishiiig health centres and ensuring that the ,7ledicalpersollilel are in place as well

Another respondent from the refugee camp (reftigee leader) had this to say;26

As we refugees do appreciate the e/j~rls put in place by UNHCR in ensluing that ne

H~n’e access to health services; however, these health fiicilities and services are not

adequate and at times we fail to gel any drugfroni the available health centres in the

camp “.

4.2.2 Access to water

On whether UNI-{CR provided the camp with saib drinking water, \vaS examined using a structured

c1uestionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which

they agreed or disagree with the question on whether UNHCR provides the camp with safe \vater. The

responses of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table

4.2.2 below.

Table 4.2.2: Responses on access to water facilities by UNHCR

[ Does UNHCR Provide the Frequencycamp with water

Yes

No

Total

Source: Primary data

From Table 4.2.2 it is demonstrated that majority of the respondents 35 (87.5%) in Rwamanja

settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) that they receive and have access to

water facilities which are provided by UNHCR which include bore holes and Tap water in the

area, indicating a relatively high access to water; while 5 (12.5%) of the respondents in the study

said NO, indicating that they have access to water provided by UNHCR or hut there could be

challenges to accessing water services in the refugee camp, which may include the distance and

quality of water accessed. The findings are supported by responses from Key inlbrmants on the

source of safe water. For example one camp leader from Rwamwanja settlement camp had this to

say: “UNfrI~R provides accessible water in the camp by constructing bore holes

And public water taps in settlement camp.

27

Additionally another respondent (beneficiary) had reservations about accessing safe water in thecamp and had this to say:

“UN//Cl? provides wa/er to us (re/ligees) hut most of it is di-au’n/)oiii boreholes

constructed in the camp but it is not good and the horehoies are scarce/v situated

from our shelters

From the observation above, it is clear that access to safe water is a challenge in the settlementcamp.

4.2.3 Access to education services

On whether UNIICR provides the canw with education services, was examined using a structured

questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which

they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they have access to education services provided by

UNIICR in the camp. The responses of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage

scores as shown in the Table 4.2.3

Table 4.2.3: Responses on access to education services by UNHCR

Does UNHCR provide Frequency Percentage (%)

education services in the camp

Yes 40 100%

No Nil

Total —~ 40 100%

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4,2.3 reveals that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja

settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) that they have access to education

services as provided by UNHCR, most especially Primary education, indicating a relatively high

accessibility to school and education services by children of refugees in the camp as a

fundamental human right which should be enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee or other

people in the host communities. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants

on whether refugees have access to education provided by UNHCR. For example one camp

administrator from Rwamwanj a settlement camp had this to say:

Children of refitgees in Rwainwa;Ua settlement camp have access to education services

28

o;cvidecl by UI’/IIC’R and other partnecs’ as way to improve their welfare and standards

of Ii ring “.

Another camp leader had this to say:

“Access to education is afiindamenta/ human right which should be enjo ed by a/i

accorduig to United Nations and the Ref~gee Act 2006 and Refugee regulations 2010,

thus refugees within host communities have access to the same pub/ic services

a~ nationals such as access to school and education services “.

4.2.4. Toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR

On whether UNHCR provides the camp with toilet and other sanitation services, was examined using a

structured questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent

to which they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they have access to toilet services provided

by UNI-ICR in the camp. The responses of the beneficiaries are h~reby shown in Table below. The

responses of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table

4.2.4

Table 4.2.4: Responses on access to toilet and other sanitation services by UNFICR

Does UNHCR provide toilet Frequency Percentage (%)

and other sanitation services

in the camp

Yes 40 100%

No - Nil

Total ~

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4.2.4 reveals that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja

settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) they have access to toilet and other

sanitation services provided by UNHCR, most especially pit latrine stances as a way to improve

hygiene and sanitation in the camp. This could be attributed to great attachment UNI-ICR have

towards sanitation and this is further attributed to awareness campaigns by UNHCR staff and

camp leaders among refugees about the importance of sanitation. The findings are supported by

responses from Key informants on whether refugees have access to toilet and sanitation services

29

provided by UNHCR. For example one camp administrator from Rwamwanja settlement camp

had this to say:

“UNHcR values the issue ofhygiene and sanitation and for that matter has contributed

to providingpit latrines in the camp

Additionally, one refugee leader also had this to say:

The re/i igees in the camp have access to pit latrines constructed by UNHCR however,

these facilities are not enough/or us given the numbers of re/iigees in the camp

4.2.5.Acccss to shelter support from UNHCR

On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with shelter support, was examined using a structured

questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which

they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they get shelter support from UN-ICR in the camp.

The responses of the beneficiaries are hereby shown in Table below. The responses of the

respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table 4.2.5 below.

Table 4.~5: Responses on shelter support from UNHCR

Does U~’HCR provide Frequency Percentage (%)

shelter support

Yes 40 100%

No —- Nil

~_Total 40 — 100%

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4.2.5 revealed that unanimously all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja

settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) they get shelter support from

UNHCR, most especially in terms of land for settlement; tarpaulin (Canvas covers) used in

shelter their temporary structures among others. The findings are supported by responses from

Key informants on whether refugees get shelter support from UNHCR. For example one camp

administrator from Rwamwai~ a ~ettlement camp had this to say:

UNIICR provides shelter support to re/iigees as part ofsettleinent phase which includes

30

land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to refugees plus also tents and

blankets as they settle down “.

This is supported by refugees themselves who acknowledged getting shelter support from

UNHCR officials on ground. For example one had to say that:

“On arrival in the camp we are given blankets and tents to accommodate us

teinporartly

4.2.6. Getting food support from UNI-ICR

On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with food support. was examined using a structured

questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which

they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they get food support from UNHCR in the camp.

The responses of the beneficiaries are hereby shown in Table below. The responses of the

respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table 4.2.6 below.

Table 4.2.6: Responses on food support from UNHCR

Does UNHCR provide food Frequency Percentage(%)

support

Yes 39 97.5%

No 1

Total 1 00%

Source: Primary data

The results in Table 4.2.6 shows that majority of the all the respondents (97.5°/a) in Rwamanja

settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) they get food support from UN F-ICR,

most especially in terms of iosho and beans rations. 1-lowever, 2.5 % of the respondents were

none committal citing inadequate and insufficient rations. The findings are supported by

responses from Key informants on whether refugees get• ~foo~ support from UN I-ICR. For

example one camp administrator from Rwamwanja settlement camp had this to say:

“UIVHCR provides/àod relief to the refugees in the camp as part of settlement j~1iase

which include some kilogrammes ofposho and beans”

More so, one beneficiary (refugee) had this to say: “We get jöod rations from UN/-ICR but the)’

are hardly enough especially households with more Members “.

31

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION OF TI-IE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction

This chapter comprises the discussion of fndings, conclusions and recommendations; areas for

further research.

5.1 Discussion of the study findings

The nature of the contribution of UNFICR and refugee welfare

The variable of the study was refugee welfare, and objective for this siudy was to assess the

status of refugee welfare in Rwamwanja refugee settlement camp. Refugee welfare in this study

was conceptualized as access to health, water, education, sanitation, food and shelter among

others. This section presents the discussion of the findings in relation to the responses of the

respondents on the individual components of refugee welfare.

To assess~ the contribution of UNHCR towards health services

On access to health services, the study findings (Table 4.2.1) revealed showed thai 30 (75%) of

the respondents in the study said Yes that they receive health support from UNHCR in partner

with HAS from health centers (i.e.I-Iealth Centres Ito Health Centres III) in the area, while 10

(25%) of the respondents in the study said NO, indicating that they don’t receive health support

from UNHCR or there are challenges to accessing health services in the refugee camp. The

results indicate that UNHCR contributes greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health

facilities and services in the host areas though it is not adequate to all refugees in the area. The

findings are in agreement with the responses from Key informants and discussions held with

camp leaders and beneficiaries (refugees) themselves. For example one camp leader from

Rwamwanja settlement camp had this to say:

“UNI-IcR contributes sign~fIcantly in providing health services to the refugees iii thecamp with help ofpartners by establishing health centres and ensliring that the medicalpersonnel are in place as well

Another respondent from the refugee camp (refugee leader) had this to say;

32

14’e refugees do appreciate the efforts put iii p/ace by UZVHCR in ensuring that we

have access to health services, however, these health fitcilities and services are not

adequate and at times we fOil to get any drug from the available health centres in the

camp “.

The findings of the study are corroborated by UNDP Report. 2017(Uganda’s contribution to

refugee protection and management ,UNDP 20 I 7~ which contends that during the integration

phase, refugees can access various services, including education, healthcare, water, security and

protection and agriculture extension services. More so, the findings are in agreement with the

UNHCR Uganda, Rwamwanja Fact Sheet, 2014 which revealed that there is a health ce~~tre Ill at

Rwairnvanja base camp as well as a newly constructed health centre 11 in Kyempango. There are

49 technical health staff on the ground in the settlement comprising of Al-IA and local

government staff. The clinician to patient ratio is I: 100. There is one ambulance supported by

UNHCR, 1 donated by MSF~F to AHA and I provided by UNFPA for referrals. Emergencies are

referred to Fort Portal hospital some 90km away, indicating inadequacies in health services in the

settlement camp as pomted out by key informants.

To examine the contribution of UNHCR towards provision of water services

On the contribution of UNHCR towards access to water services, the study Onclings (Table 4.2.2)

showed majority of the of the respondents 35 (87.5%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly

agreed to the question that (Yes) that they receive and have access to water facilities which are

provided by UNJ-ICR which include bore holes and Tap water in the area, indicating a relatively

high access to water; while 5 (12.5%) of the respondents in the study said NO, indicating that

they have access to water provided by UNHCR or but there could be challenges to accessing

water services in the refugee camp, which may include the distance and quality of water

accessed. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants on the source of safe

water. For example one camp leader from Rwarnwanja settlement camp had this to say:

“UNHcR provides accessible water in the camp by constructing bore holes

And public water taps in settlement camp.

33

Additionally another respondent (beneficiary) had reservations about accessing safe water in thecamp and had this to say:

~‘UNJJC2? provides water to us (re/itgees) hut most a/il is drawn f~oni boreholes

constructed in the camp but it is not good and the boreholes are scarcely situated

from our shelters”

From the observation above, it is clear that access to safe water is relatively available in thesettlement camp.

The above findings are corroborated by UNHCR Uganda, Rwamwanja Fact Sheet, 2014 which

revealed that Rwamwanja settlement camp currently has 55 functional horeholes and shallow

wells providing clean and safe water to the refugees.5 1 of these are installed with handpumps,

while 4 are motorized with pipeline distribution to 11 tapstand locations (40 water taps). Water

coverage at the end of 2013 was 13 litres per person per day. Rainwater harvesting is also done

at all health centres, schools and reception centre; reducing the need to truck water to these

ocati on s.

Furthermore, the study findings are also supported by UNDP Report, 2017 which contends that

during the integration phase, refugees can access various services, including water .This is also

corroborated by the 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for integration of

refugees within host communities with refugees having access to the same public services as

nationals; (GoU strategic frame work, 2017.

To establish the role of UNHCR in providing access to education services

On whether TJNFICR provides the camp with education services, the study findings in Table 4.2.3

revealed that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly

agreed to the question on whether UNT-ICR provides education services; that they have access to

education services as provided by UNHCR, most especially Primary education, indicating a

relatively high accessibility to school and education services by children of refugees in the camp

as a fundamental human right which should be enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee or other

people in the host communities. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants

34

on whether refugees have access to education provided by UNHCR. For example one camp

administrator from Rwamwanj a settlement camp had this to say:

Children ofrefugees in Rwamwanja settlement camp have access to education services

provided by UNHCR and other partners as way to improve their we/fire and standards

/lw~ng “.

Another camp leader had this to say:

“Access to education is aJimclamental huincin right which should be enjoyed by all

according to United Nations and the Refugee Act 2006 and 1?c/i igee regulations 2010,

thus refugees within host conmiunities have access to the same public services

as nationals such as access to school and education services “.

More so, the study findings are in agreement with the findings of the World Bank Group (20 1 6)

study which established that Education services can be divided into three parts-primary,

secondary, and tertiary. Primary education is provided in the settlements free of cost, emulating

Uganda’s Universal Primary Education policy. The costs for the infrastructure, equipment, and

the recruitment and payment of the teaching staff for these settlement schools are funded by

UN NCR and other international agencies. The government of Uganda provides the curriculum

for all the settlement primary schools, and rcfugee children also benefit fiom Universal Primary

Education funding. However, the study curriculum, instruction language, and materials present a

challenge because refugees come from countries with quite different educational environments.

And while the government of Uganda, with the support of UNHCR, has succeeded in providing

primary education, but secondary education remains challenging clue to tuition and other fees

that refugees cannot afford. They remain dependent on funding from UNHCR, which can only

support a small number of students.

Furthermore, this is also consistent with the Refugee Act where it is established that the

government of Uganda provides primary education to refugees under the provision of the

Refugees Act requiring that refugees receive the same treatment as nationals. This is also

consistent with the 1 95 1 Refugee Convention on Education, which states: ~‘the Contracting

States shall accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals with respect to

elementary education.”

35

Relatedly, documentary review shows that there are 20 early childhood development centers and

child friendly spaces which are run by Windle Trust Uganda (WTU) and Save the Children.

There are 5 primary schools in the settlement, 3 of which are run by UNHCR/WTU: Rwamwanja

primary, Mahani primary, Nteziryayo primary and the newest — Kyempango primary. There is I

secondary school.

To identify the role of UNHCR in extending toilet and other sanitation services

On whether UNHCR provides the camp with toilet and other sanitation services, Table 4,2.4 revealed

that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly agreed to the

question that (Yes) they have access to toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR,

most especially pit latrine stances as a way to inwrove hygiene and sanitation in the camp. This

could be attributed to great attachment UNHCR have towards sanitation and this is further

attributed to awareness campaigns by UN I—ICR staff and camp leaders among refugees about the

importance of sanitation. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants who said

that “UlvHcI? values the issue of hygiene and sanitation and/hr that matter has contributed

to providing pit latrines in the camp “.

Additionally, one refugee leader also had this to say:

The refugees in the cam~~ lime access in pit latrines constructed hr UNJICI? however,

these hci!ities are not enough for its given the iuimbenc of re/ligees in the camp

The findings of the study are further supported by IJNI-{CR Uganda-Rwamwanja Fact Sheet,

2014 which revealed that in Rwamwanj a settlement camp Household latrine coverage is

currently about 68% (49% of which are to UNHCR standards) and there are 157 communal

latrine stances in various institutions across the settlement.

To assess the role of UNHCR in providing shelter support to refugees

On whether UNHCR ~~‘ovides the refugees with shelter support, the results in Table 4.2.5 revealed

that unanimously all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly agreed to

that they get shelter support from UNHCR, most especially in terms of land for settlement;

tarpaulin (Canvas covers) used in shelter their temporary structures among others. The t~ndings

are supported by responses from Key informants who acknowledged that refugees get shelter

36

support from TJNHCR. For example one camp administrator from Rwannvanja settlement camp

said that TJNHCR provides shelter support to refugees as part of settlement phase which includes

land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to refugees plus also tents and blankets as

they settle down.

The above response is supported by refugees themselves who acknowledged getting shelter

support from UNHCR officials on ground on arrival in the camp which includes allocation of

land for settlement, blankets and tents to accommodate them temporarily. Additionally, the study

findings are supported by the 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for

integration of refugees within host communities with refugees having access to the same public

services as nationals. They have freedom of movement and are free to pursue livelihood

opportunities, including access to the labour market and to establish businesses, go to school, and

access to documentation; they are aiso allocated land for shelter and agricultural use. These laws

ensure the dignity of the individual and provide patlnvays for refugees to become self-reliant

(GoU strategic frame work, 2017). More so, the findings are in agreement with UNDP Report,

201 7 which revealed that during the settlement phase, land for residential and agricultural use is

allocated to refugees in the host communities. The report further shows refugees in Uganda do

not live in camps. Instead, they live in settlements and are provided plots of land for agricultural

use to achieve self-reliance. This policy extends to all refugees, regardless of ethnicity or country

of origin.

More so, the findings of the study are in line with UNHCR Uganda-Rwamwanja Fact Sheet,

2014 which shows that support is provided to refugees through distribution of non-food items,

construction of shelters for people with specific needs (PSNs) and psychosocial support to

vulnerable refugees. Vulnerable groups include the elderly, people with disabilities, single

parents, unaccompanied/separated children, people with medical conditions and children at risk.

To identify whether UNI-ICR contributes to giving food support to refugees

On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with food support, the study findings revealed in

Table 4.?.6 that majority of the all the respondents (97.5%) in Rwamanja settlement camp

37

strongly agreed that they get food support from UNHCR, most especially in terms of 1,osho and

beans rations. However, 2.5 % of the respondents were non committal citing inadequate and

insufficient rations. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants who said that

UNHCR provides food relief to the refugees in the camp as part of settlement phase which

includes posho and beans.However,some respondents especially the beneficiaries said whereas

they get food support the rations are insufficient especially households with more members. The

findings are supported by UNHCR Uganda- Rwamwanja Fact Sheet, 2014 which points out that

newly arrived refugees receive a plot of land (50 metres x 50 metres) and basic necessities

including jerry cans, mats, treated poles, hoes, saucepans, plastic sheeting, mosquito nets,

slashers. pangas, soap, rope, and food as well as sanitary materials for women. The Fact sheet

further reveals that newly arrived reftigees are initially housed in Mahani reception centre (RC)

where they receive 2 hot meals daily until allocated plots of land.

5.2 ConclusIons

Basing on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn; on assessing the

contribution of UNHCR towards access to health services; it is concluded that UNHCR

contributes greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health facilities and services in the

host areas by setting up health centres among others, though it is not adequate to all refugees in

the area.

The contribution of UNHCR towards access to water services

On the contribution of UNKCR towards access to water services, it is concluded that in

Rwamana settlement camp and the refugees in the area have access to water facilities which are

provided by UNHCR which incluae bore holes and Tap water in the area, indicating a relatively

high access to water; although access to water services provided by UNHCR in Rwamanja

settlement camp has greatly improved the welfare of refugees, water accessibility is limited,

there are inadequacies in accessing water services in the refugee camp, which may include the

distance and quality of water.

38

Access to education services

On access to education it is concluded that UNI-ICR provides the camp with education services most

especially Primary education, indicating a relatively high accessibility to school and education

services by children of refugees in the camp as a fundamental human right which should be

enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee or other people in the host communities.

Toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR

On provision of toilet and other sanitation services, it is concluded that UNHCR significantly

contributes to providing toilet and other sanitation services, most especially pit latrine stances as

a way to improve hygiene and sanitation in the camp; although access to having toilet and

sanitation services has improved standards of living in Rwamwanja camp, its accessibility and

lam litics arc not adequate.

Getting food support from UNHCR

On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with food support, the conclusion is that 1JNHCR

provides food support to refugees most especially in terms of posho and beans rations; however,

the respondents cited inadequate and insufficient rations.

5.3 Recommendations

It is imperative that the Government of Uganda and hosting Local Governments should mobilize

for more resources especially funds that are vital in re -settlement of refugees in the area to

supplement of UNHCR’s efforts, by setting aside a special emergency fund for refugee

settlement and welfare.

There is need for Government of Uganda in collaboration with UNHCR to improve referral and

health services. This is because the current situation in the study area is still challenging to the

host communities, refugees and medical personnel, for example the available few Health Centres

II and III are ill equipped and experience constant drug stock-outs which makes access to health

services by host communities and refugees an uphill task. The recommendation can be attained

by Government of Uganda putting up at least more health centres in the area which would go a

long wa: in enabling refugees to seek health services since services and facilities \vouldl be

v~’ithin their ieach.

39

There is need for UNHCR to work closely with the host country and communities in providing

access to education services by embracing the local education system especially government

programmes like Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary which will go a long

way in enabling the refugees to have access to education as a fundamental right which is in line

with United Nations and Refugee Act 2006 and Refugee regulations 2010, which enables

refugees within host communities to have access to the same public services as nationals such as

access to school and education services.

Access to safe water needs to be improved by both Central and Local Governments and in

collaboration with UNHCR and its partners in Rwamanja refugee settlement camp. This is

because the current situation leaves out many refugees from access to safe water especially in the

area since refugees lack piped water and some local wells may dry up in the dry spells in the

area. In this way, access to safe water will be guaranteed to most refugees and host communities.

To achieve this, both the Government of Uganda, local hosting communities (Local

Governments) should tap potential water SOU~CCS in the area, augment construction of’ bore holes,

prioritize the need for having access to safe water through increased funding, thus making water

accessible to many refugees which is critical for human survival.

5.4 Areas of further research

The study was based on the district of Kamwenge thus similar studies to this one may be

conducted in other districts of Uganda or other l)al’ts of the country such as Northern and Central

and regions which host refugees to help in examining the role of LJNHCR in improving refugees

welfare.

The study recommends further studies be carried out on the problems facing refugees host

communities in Uganda.

40

REFERENCES

Amin, M. E. (2005). Social science research: Conception, methodology & analysis. Kampala,

Makerere University printery.

Barbie, E and Mouton, J. (2000)~ The practice ofsocial research. Cape Town: Oxford University

Press.

Bryman,A.& Bell,E. (2007). Business research methods (‘2h1d1 ed~. Oxford University Press.

Cooper, D.R. & Schindler, P.S. (2008). Business research methods (‘8” ed). McGraw-Hill Higher

Eclucat ion

GoU and the World Bank (201 7). ReHoPE -— Refugee and host population cmpo~~’erment,Strategic Framework Uganda

GoU and UNHCR (2016). Uganda Protection and Solutions Strategy

GoU and UNHCR .(20 17). Uganda: 2017 Refugee Humanitarian Needs Overview

GoU, 2006 Refugee Act

GoU, 2010 Refugee Regulations

GoU, UNHCR and the World Bank. (2016). An Assessment of Uganda’s Progressive Approachto Refitgee Management

IMF (2016). The refugee surge in Europe: Economic challenges

Kothari, C. R, (2004). Research Methodology, MethoJ~ and Techniques, Delhi, India: New Age

International Publishers.

Monette,D.R.,Sullivan,T.J.& Dejong,C.R.(2002). Applied social research: Tool Jhr the human

services (5th ed). South Melbourne,Victoria,Australia:ThomSofl learning,Inc.

Myers, G. (2007), Research Methodology for all; BTech within the faculty of commerce: Study

Guid~e. Durban University of Technology: Durban.

Mouton, J. (2002). Understanding social research. Pretoria: van Schaik.

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Mugenda & Mugenda, (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative

Approach. Nairobi: Acts Press.

Parahoo, K. (1997). Nunlng research; principles, process and Lisues. Londoit Macmillan.

SaundersM., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A.(2007).Research methods for business students (4th e4).

London: Prentice Hall.

The World Bank Group,(2016).An Assessment ofUganda ~v Progressive Approach to RefugeeManagementWasbington,D.C.

UN Ugan,di Bulletin voL 13,28th April,2017.

United l4ätions Development Programme (UNDP). (2017). Uganda ‘s contribution to Refugeeprotection and management.

UNHCR Uganda.(2014).RwamwanJa Fact Sheet.

Winnie, W; Claire, S & Ivan, 0. (2017).Uganda ‘s refugee management approach within the

EACpollcyframework

42

APPENDIX: 1

QUESTIONNAIRE: GENERAL QUESTIONNAIRE ON REFUGEE WELFARE

INSTRUCTIONS:

I am Kom’uhangi Hildah a Bachelor student at Kampala International University. I am carrying

out a research on the topic “The Contribution of UNHCR and Refugee Wejfare in Uganda;

Rwamanja Settlement camp’~ You are being requested to be part of this research by answering

the questionnaire attached. Kindly fill in the questionnaire as objectively as you can. On my part,

I promise you absolute confidentiality on whatever information you may provide. The

information you provide here, shall be used strictly for this research.

Answer the questions as appropriate by filling in blank spaces or ticking your choice of answer.

SECTION A: BIO DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS

1. Age of respondents

LBelow2O[J 2. 21-30 [] 3.31-40 C] 4.41&abovC]

2. Gender 1. Female C] 2. Male C]

3. Marital status

I. Married C] 2. Single C] 3. Separate C] 4. Others C]

4. Level ofeducation

1. 2. 3. 4.

Certificate C] Diploma C] Degree C] Others C]

5. Positic~.n

43

Section B: Refugee welfare

Direction: You are kindly requested to answer appropriately basing on the following services ashonest as you can

I. Does ~HCR provide the camp with health facilities or services. Yes

No

If Yes, which health services do you receive fromUN 11CR

2. Does ~HCR provide the camp with water? Yes

No

If Yes, which water services do you receive (e.g public tap, borehole etc)

3.I)o you have access to education services Yes

NoD

if Yes, which education services do youreceive

4.Does UNHCR provide Toilet facilities and other sanitation services to the camp

Yes

44

NoD

If Yes, which sanitation services do you receive (covered pit latrine, mobile toilet)

4. Do you receive shelter support from UNHCR? Yes

No

If yes which kind of shelter support

5. Do you get food support from UNHCR? Yes

No

If yes, which kind of foodsupport

45

APPENDIX II

AN INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION/INDIVIDUAL INDEPTHINTERVIEWS IN RWAMANJA REFUGEE SETTLEMENT CAMP.

Topics for discussion

‘ Do you have access to social services (Education, health water ete),

o What kind of social services are provided in the camp’?

o Challenges to provision! access to social services.

o How often do you provide/receive these services?

• Sources of water in the camp.

Do you provide education services to refugees

o To what level do they access education services?

What is the latrine coverage in the area

• What health facilities do exist in the area?

o What challenges do people face in accessing them?

o How is the camp managed

o I-low do you cope with the challenges?

o You carry out awareness campaigns among the refugees and local peoile about the

programmes or services to be provided

o Do you have adequate resources required to provide services in the area

o Are Local authorities involved in welfare activities of refugees

46

APPENDIX III

KREJCIE AND MORGAN’S TABLE

N S N S N~Th N S N~S

‘ 10 10 100 80 280 162 800 ~ö~5o 338

15 14 110 86 290 165 850 265 3000 341

20 19 120 92 300 169 900 269 3500 246

25 24 130 97 320 175 950 274 4000 351

30 28 140 103 340 181 1000 278 4500 351

35 32 150 108 360 186 1100 285 5000 357

40 36 160 113 380 181 1200 291 6000 361

45 40 180 118 400 196 1300 297 7000 364

50 44 190 123 420 201 1400 302 8000 367

55 48 200 127 440 205 1500 306 9000 368

60 52 210 132 460 210 1600 310 10000 373

65 56 220 136 480 214 - 1700 313 15000 375

70 59 230 140 500 217 1800 317 20000 377

75 63 240 144 550 225 1900 320 30000 379

80 66 250 148 600 234 2000 322 40000 380

85 70 260 152 650 242 2200 327 50000 381

90 73 270 155 700 248 2400 331 75000 382

95 ~76 270 159 750 256 2600 335 ~ 384I -__

Note: “N” is poputation

“S’~ is sample size

47