Slide 1

Slide 2 The Confederacy -the southern states 1. Feb. 1861 Confederate States of America 2. Confederate Constitution similar to U.S. but: Each state sovereign (independent) Right to own slaves guaranteed 3. Jefferson Davis is President Slide 3 Slide 4 Confusion reigned in North and South Pres. Buchanan didnt do anything Southerners took over Federal property courthouses, post offices, and forts Most Northerners didnt react one way or another Slide 5 Slide 6 The Union is broken and the War begins Firing on Ft. Sumter (Charleston, S.C.) April 1861 1. Confederates demanded surrender, Union refused so SC militia fired. *This was seen as an attack on the USA. 2. Result: 1. Eliminated middle ground 2. Created anger in North 3. Created war fever in South 4. Va. And 4 more states seceded Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Slide 13 NORTHSOUTH 1.Size23 States11 States 2.Population22 mil (4 mil. Men)9 mil (1.2 mil men) 3.Railroads20,000 mi., 96% of RR equip 9,000 mi. 4.Money$189 million $56 million in gold $47 million $27 mil. (gold) 5.Industry4/5 nations industry 1/5 nations ind. Slide 14 NORTHSOUTH 6.AgricultureGrew 2/3 nations food Mostly cotton 7.LeadersLincoln (strong)Davis (weak) 8.Military Leaders Poor GeneralsStrong (most US Generals and officers) 9.EnlistedFew skilled riders, few good shots Good riders and shots. Owned guns Slide 15 1 st Major Battle- July 1861 Location Va., west of Washington DC Result South won. Stonewall Jackson-Thomas Jackson Significance showed that the war would not be easy or quick. Boosted Southern morale. Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18 Slide 19 Tactics equipment, methods, and manpower changed during the war. Manpower: Started with volunteers Later had to draft (Lincoln 1 st US President to draft-1863) Troops organized by state No uniforms in beginning later went to blue and grey Infantry Cavalry and Artillery Slide 20 Weapons Guns and muskets in the beginning Rifles later which were more accurate at greater distances (not effective in frontal charges)- minie ball Cavalry less important as rifles became more accurate Warships used ironclads Examples: Monitor vs. Virginia (Merrimac) Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Civil War Medicine Slide 27 The American humanitarian Clara Barton was the founder of the American Red Cross Slide 28 Strategies Anaconda Plan Union 3 Part Strategy Part 1- Western Campaign to divide Confed. and control Mississippi River Shiloh (Tenn.) March 1862 bloody battle, Union won but learned: 1. Must think defensively 2. No easy victories; 23,000 dead 3. Beginning of Souths failure to hold the Mississippi River. Slide 29 Slide 30 Part 2 - Naval Blockade a. Successful in blocking regular shipping b. Blockade Runners good but small c. Union captured New Orleans Slide 31 Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 Slide 35 Inside the Hunley Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38 Slide 39 Part 3 - Eastern Campaign to capture Richmond (Confederacy Capital) a. Peninsula Campaign- Virginia McClellan (cautious) vs. Lee (Bold & brilliant) b. Second Bull Run South won Slide 40 Slide 41 Sept. 1862 Antietam (Md.) South on Offensive 1. Lees plans found by McClellans Army 2. McClellan won but didnt follow through. 3. Bloodiest single day of war; 22,000 dead 4. Lincoln fired McClellan Slide 42 Antietam, Maryland- single bloodiest day of the war Slide 43 Slide 44 Slide 45 1862- law said they could serve but only after the Emancipation Proclamation did they enlist in large numbers By the end of the war- nearly 10% of Union troops were black Suffered discrimination and higher death rates Example- The 54 th Mass. Regiment the movie Glory Slide 46 Manpower diminishes in the South 1. Fredericksburg, Va. The Union lost 13,000 and the South lost 5,300; South wins 2. Chancellorsville, Va. South lost 12,000 but still won; Stonewall Jackson 3. South could not replace the losses, but the North could Slide 47 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. It stated that all slaves BEHIND enemy lines were FREE. IT DID NOT IMMEDIATELY FREE THE SLAVES! IT HELPED GAIN BRITISH SUPPORT GAVE THE WAR A MORAL CRUSADE Slide 48 Turning Point of the War Gettysburg (Pa.) won July 4, 1863 a. 3 day battle 51,000 dead, wounded, or missing b. North won, the South lost too many c. Only the 2 nd time the South went North to fight Slide 49 Slide 50 Slide 51 Slide 52 Gettysburg Address Lincolns two minute speech. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysb urgaddress.htm http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysb urgaddress.htm a. Stated a new purpose to end slavery b. Govt. created a National Cemetery, b/c so many dead were left unburied. Slide 53 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Slide 54 Vicksburg won July 4, 1863 a. Southern supply town of Vicksburg (on Miss. River) was under siege and cut off from all supplies b. After this victory, U.S. Grant (Union General) was named the Commander of the Union forces Slide 55 Slide 56 1. Conditions were terrible, especially in the South 2. Northerners starved in Southern prisons 3. Southerners froze or died of pneumonia in Northern prisons 4. Andersonville worst prison (Georgia), the Commandant hanged as a war criminal after the war. Slide 57 Slide 58 Slide 59 Slide 60 Slide 61 Slide 62 Lincolns Reelection 1864 1864 1. Lincolns popularity increases with Union victories 2. Lincolns Second Inaugural Address Bind up the nations wounds. Slide 63 Union Strategy Changes 1. Grind Up Resources burn and destroy anything of use to the South 2. Best example of this is Shermans March to the Sea Sherman (Union Gen.) called this total war the goal was to demoralize and completely destroy the South. He marched from Atlanta to Savannah leaving a path of devastation. Slide 64 Slide 65 Slide 66 Slide 67 Slide 68 War Ends Richmond is evacuated and burned Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House (Va.) on Apr. 9 1865 Terms of surrender were generous 13 th Amendment passed made slavery illegal Slide 69 Slide 70 Death of Lincoln 1. The assassin was John Wilkes Booth, unemployed actor and Southern sympathizer 2. Lincoln was shot at Fords Theater and died on April 15, 1865. Slide 71 Slide 72 Slide 73 Slide 74 1. Lincoln wanted a mild reconstruction plan (forgiving) 2. The Radical Republicans wanted a harsh reconstruction plan to punish the South.