the common core must master to be successful with...
TRANSCRIPT
Marilee Sprenger
The Critical Words Your Students
must Master to be Successful with
the Common Core
Standards…
and How to Teach Them!
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Today’s PurposesWhy vocab is important
Memory and at-risk kids
Where can kids store these words in
their brains
The critical words: tier 2 ---- going to
tier 1
The critical words
How to teach them
When to teach them…the order!!!
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What’s Critical?
Beck, et al.
Knowledge gap in SES groups:High SES 1st grades know twice as many words as low SES classmatesBy high school, they know 4
times as many words!High SES 3rd graders have
vocabularies equal to the lowest-performing 12th graders!
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What poverty can do to the brain
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Sensory
Memory
Lasts seconds
Most dropped
Working
Memory
Lasts
minutes,
hours, days
Immediate
Memory
Lasts thirty
seconds
Long-term Memory
Declarative Non-declarative
Semantic Procedural
Episodic
Rehearsal
Rehearsal
Rehearsal
Rehearsal
Rehearsal
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MEMORY
EXPLICIT IMPLICIT
semantic
episodic
procedural
automatic
emotional
NEURAL MEMORY
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Procedural
Conditioned Response
Emotional
Semantic
Episodic
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AGE 3 AGE 5 AGE 7 AGE 9 AGE 11 AGE 13 AGE 15
MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY
MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY
MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY
MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY
MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY
MEMORY MEMORY
MEMORY
SHORT TERM/CONSCIOUS/IMMEDIATE MEMORY
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Non-declarative memory is generally
divided into different categories:
procedural memory that is motor based,
and procedural memory that is nonmotor.
Riding a bike is a procedural motor skill;
decoding words is a nonmotor procedural
skill.
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Tier 1: The most basic words Examples—
table
happy
baby
nose
purple
angry
hamburger
Automatic memory
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Academic Vocabulary
Content specific vocabulary brick words = Tier 3
Transportable vocabularymortar words = Tier 2
(words that are used across the curriculum in multiple disciplines)
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Tier 3 (brick words):
Low frequency words specific to a
discipline
Examples—carcinogensmitosisunhygieniclithosphereKelvincarbohydratepotential energyDoppler effect
Working memory
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Tier 2 mortar words:
High frequency words found across
a variety of disciplines
Examples—
classify
conduct
monitor
investigate
declaration
harmony
maintain
Long-term Memory
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Criteria for identifying Tier II Words…
Importance and utility: Is it a word that students are likely to meet often in the world?
Instructional potential: How does the word relate to other words, to ideas that students know or have been learning?
Conceptual understanding: Does the word provide access to an important concept?
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AnalyzeArticulateCite
CompareComprehendContrast
DelineateDemonstrate
DescribeDetermine
DevelopDistinguish
DrawEvaluateExplain
IdentifyInferIntegrate
InterpretLocate
OrganizeParaphrase
ReferRetell
SuggestSummarize
SupportSynthesize
Trace
HI
GH
FRENQUENCY
Critical Verbs
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AlliterationAnalogyArgumentCentral IdeaConclusionsConnections
Connotative languageDetailsEvidence
Figurative languageIllustrationsInteraction
MetaphorMoodPoint of View
RhetoricSimileStanzaStructuresThemeTone
HI
GH
FRENQUENCY
Critical Nouns
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ClassifyCategorize
ExplicitlyRecognizeRecount
FREQUENT
Critical Words
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Direct Instruction
Brain-Compatible
Instruction
Memory Model
Depth of Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy
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• Drawing and Artwork
• Games
• Graphic Organizers
• Humor
• Metaphors, Analogies, Similes
• Mnemonic Devices
• Movement
• Music, Rhythm, Rhyme, Rap
• Role-Plays, Drama,
Pantomimes, and Charades
• Storytelling
• Technology
• Visuals
• Quizzes
• Word Searches
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Introduce the word
Brainstorm a definition
Draw a picture
Make up a jingle or song
Create a mind map, vocabulary word
map, Frayer model
Use Vocabulary Gloves
Make a synonym wheel
Create a Quizlet online
Use the word when you speak
Use the word on your quizzes and
tests
Use the word in your newsletter
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Demonstrate 1
Locate 1
Draw 1
Explain 1
Determine 1
Suggest 1
Support 1
Comprehend 2
Develop 2
Organize 3
Refer 3
Integrate 4
Interpret 4
Describe K
Summarize 4
Analyze 5
Articulate 6
Cite 6
Delineate 6
Evaluate 6
Trace 6
Synthesize 11
Compare K
Contrast K
Infer 4Retell K
Identify K
Paraphrase 4
Distinguish K
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Central/Main Idea 3
Theme 3
Point of View 3
Stanza 3
Illustration 3
Explicitly 3
Evidence 4
Figurative 4
Metaphor 4
Simile 4
Categorize 4
Interaction 5
Connections 1
Connotative 6
Mood 6
Tone 6
Analogy 7
Rhetoric 9
Classify K
Recognize K
Structure 4Alliteration 2
Recount 1
Argument 6
Details 1
Conclusions 4
Evidence 4
Conclusions 4
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Here is the plan: process the critical
words in enough different ways to get them
stored in the brain in multiple places. The
result of this is easier access to the
definition. Continue to rehearse the
processing in enough formats over time and
the words become as automatic as who,
what, why, how, and where!
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Word I don’t know it Might know it I know it!
Analyze
Articulate
Cite
Compare
Comprehend
Contrast
Delineate
Demonstrate
Describe
Determine
Develop
Distinguish
Draw
Evaluate
Explain
Identify
Infer
Integrate
Interpret
Locate
Organize
Paraphrase
Refer
Retell
Suggest
Support
Summarize
Synthesize
Trace
A pre-assessment for the critical verbs.
Verb
Definition Grade
Analyze Break it down into its parts 5
Articulate Express clearly 6
Cite Quote 6
Compare To find likenesses k
Comprehend To understand; find meaning 2
Contrast To find differences k
Delineate Represent in words 6
Demonstrate Show clearly 1
Describe Tell the facts, details k
Determine To decide 1
Develop To elaborate or expand 2
Distinguish To set apart k
Draw To take or pull out 1
Evaluate To find value; judge 6
Explain To make plain or define 1
Identify Find; point out K
Infer To deduce; conclude 4
Integrate Put together 4
Interpret To explain the meaning of 4
Locate Find 1
Organize Put together 3
Paraphrase Put in different words 4
Refer To mention 3
Retell Tell in your own words K
Suggest To put forth; to say 1
Support To hold up 1
Summarize To sum up 4
Synthesize Combine to form a new product 11
Trace Outline; follow 6
The Critical Verbs and their Definitions
Word My definition My sentence using this word
Analyze
Articulate
Cite
Compare
Comprehend
Contrast
Delineate
Demonstrate
Describe
Determine
Develop
Distinguish
Draw
Evaluate
Explain
Identify
Infer
Integrate
Interpret
Locate
Organize
Paraphrase
Refer
Retell
Suggest
Support
Summarize
Synthesize
Trace
Formative Assessment to Differentiate Teaching of the Critical Verbs.
Word I don’t know it Might know it I know it!
Alliteration
Analogy
Argument
Central idea
Conclusions
Connections
Connotative Language
Details
Evidence
Figurative Language
Illustrations
Interaction
Metaphor
Mood
Point of View
Rhetoric
Simile
Stanza
Structures
Theme
Tone
Pre-assessment for the critical nouns
Noun Definition Grade
Alliteration Words in a row that have the same initial consonant sound
2
Analogy A similarity between like features of two things 7 Argument A reason or set of reasons why something is
true 6
Central/Main Idea Most important idea the author makes 3 Conclusions Summing up of an argument or text 4 Connections Relating what you read to something else you
know 1
Connotative Language
The association that a word brings to mind 6
Details Facts that support ideas 1 Evidence Knowledge on which to base a belief 4 Figurative Language Figures of speech used to make meaning
clearer 4
Illustrations Visual material used to clarify or add to a text 3 Interaction A mutual or reciprocal action 5 Metaphor An implied comparison 4 Mood The way the author makes the reader feel 6 Point of view The vantage point from which a story is told 3 Rhetoric The art of writing or speaking effectively 9 Simile A direct comparison 4 Stanza A poetry word for paragraph; section of a poem 3 Structures Organization of a text 4 Theme A universal idea 3 Tone The author’s attitude or outlook 6 Classify
Arrange in classes according to shared qualities k
Categorize
Putting classified items into smaller groups 4
Explicitly Fully and clearly expressed 3 Recognize Identify something you have seen before k Recount Retell in detail 1
The Critical Nouns and their definitions.
Word My definition My sentence using this word
Alliteration
Analogy
Argument
Central Idea
Conclusions
Connections
Connotative Language
Details
Evidence
Figurative Language
Illustrations
Interaction
Metaphor
Mood
Point of view
Rhetoric
Simile
Stanza
Structures
Theme
Tone
Formative Assessment to Differentiate Teaching of the Critical Nouns
Below please find the jingles for the Critical Words
The Analyze Jingle:
An-a-lyze, break it down, down, down,
Then explain what you found, found, found.
The Articulate Jingle: Articulate and say it well, See how clearly you can tell. The Cite Jingle: Cite is about Pointing things out! Jingle for Compare: Compare to find things the same, See how many you can name! Jingle for Contrast: Contrast to find different things See how many you can bring! The Comprehend Jingle Com-pre-hend, can you dig it? The Delineate Jingle: Delineate uses words to show 1,2, 3, what you know The Demonstrate Jingle Demonstrate what you know, Make it plain – ready? Set. Go! The Describe Jingle: Describe and tell all about it Write it; share it, or even shout it! Determine Jingle: Determine and you will find You have made up your mind! The Develop Jingle De-ve-lop, explain, e-la-bo-rate Make your writing really great! The Distinguish Jingle Distinguish from the very start Decide, discriminate, and tell apart. The Draw Jingle Draw-point it out, take it out, pull it out – Draw! The Evaluate Jingle: I evaluate cuz I’m the judge I critique without a grudge!
The Explain Jingle: Explain! Explain! Say it and make it plain! The Identify Jingle Identify means to point things out Find it and tell all about! The Infer Jingle: Infer! Read between the lines. See what info you can find. The Integrate Jingle: Integrate and unite, Make things fit just right! The Interpret Jingle In-ter-pret, In-ter-pret and explain Make things clear and you will gain! The Locate Jingle: Locate and uncover New things you discover The Organize Jingle Organize, arrange, get it done! This makes time to have lots of fun! The Refer Jingle Refer is to mention Information for attention The Retell Jingle Retell means to repeat or recite Tell it again and do it right! The Suggest Jingle Recommend, put forth, suggest Propose ideas that are the best The Summarize Jingle: Summarize and make it shorter Just the facts like a reporter The Paraphrase Jingle: Paraphrase what the authors say Make it easy and say it your way The Support Jingle Support! Support! Strengthen what you say Hold up your thoughts in another way. The Synthesize Jingle To synthesize is to become the creator Of a product that is even greater!
The Central Idea/Main Idea Jingle What’s the big idea you will find next? The author’s key point of his text! The Conclusion Jingle If you jump to a conclusion, you may cause some confusion. The Connections Jingle Make a connection; make a link, Use your head and think, think, think! The Connotative Language Jingle Connotative meanings deal with emotion Word choice can be a powerful potion! The Figurative Language Jingle Simile, metaphor, onomatopoeia, idiom Figurative language makes learning fun! The Details Jingle A detail is a fact That keeps you right on track! The Evidence Jingle E-vi-dence is simply proof If you don’t have it, you may goof! The Illustration Jingle Illustrations add to the reading Important info you’ll be needing! The Metaphor Jingle A metaphor makes one noun another You have become my little brother! The Simile Jingle Use similes to compare Be sure like or as is always there The Point of View Jingle Is it in first, second, or third? How did the author want to be heard? The Rhetoric Jingle You will do what I say If I write in a rhetorical way! The Stanza Jingle A stanza is a room Where poetry can bloom! The Theme Jingle Theme is the message you will find Woven by the author through your mind.
The Tone and Mood Jingle Tone is in the author’s head Mood was my feelings as I read! The Alliteration Jingle Alliteration allows a sound To actually astound! The Analogy Jingle A is to B as C is to D I can make an anal-o-gy! The Argument Jingle Let’s argue! Let’s argue! But I don’t want to fight, I will find the facts to prove that I am right! The Classify Jingle Organize and sort to see Where things ought to be! The Categorize Jingle Group things and give them a name Label things that are the same! The Explicitly Jingle Write explicitly, be very clear To the rules you will adhere! The Recognize Jingle Recognize is something that I know I can spot it and make it show! The Recount Jingle Recount, relate, relay, Explain it play by play!
Common Core Workshops Marilee Sprenger
The Critical Words Your Students Must Master to Be Successful with the Common Core Standards
DELINEATE, INTEGRATE, POINT OF VIEW…Researchers estimate 85% of achievement tests are based on the vocabulary of the standards. Students from poverty, ELL students, and other at-risk students are particularly in need of learning these words in ways that meet their specific learning needs. Learn the critical words in the Common Core Standards and how to teach them in ways to make them part of ALL of your students’ long-term memories and an automatic part of your students’ vocabulary. This workshop is designed to teach the vocabulary words of the Common Core through many differentiated, brain-compatible strategies.
Differentiate Instruction Using the Learning Progressions of the Common Core There is a cumulative progression of learning in the Common Core Standards, and this progression is useful in figuring out exactly where the students are in attaining the standards. Using the building blocks from previous grade levels, teachers can create formative assessments to pinpoint areas in need of further teaching. Differentiating instruction in the Common Core is a process of collecting data on the current state of learning and comparing it to the desired state of learning. Using differentiated instructional strategies will assist students in becoming successful learners.
Read Like a Detective
Most teachers and students are more comfortable with narrative text than they are with informational text. Although students are interested in facts, they find difficulty in comprehending the text. What must literate students know and be able to do? The Common Core Standards lead us to increasing students’ understanding of complex texts. This workshop provides information to help teachers guide students in reading like an expert. Understanding text structures and reading multiple texts is a mainstay of the Common Core. Proficiency in comprehending informational text will help our students build the skills they need for college and career.
Vocab “Rehab”
Our approach to teaching vocabulary needs rehabilitation! Gone are the days of
vocabulary notebooks with little or no follow up. Academic vocabulary is one of the
strongest indicators of how well students will learn subject area content when they come
to school. In this workshop learn: a scientifically research based instructional sequence
for teaching academic vocabulary, how to distinguish between Tier 2 and Tier 3 words
and choose words that are worth your classroom time, how to teach vocabulary so it
sticks, and how to have fun teaching vocabulary. Help your students develop a passion
for words that will make them successful learners.