The Cold War Continues: Korea, Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy, & the Cuban Missile Crisis

US History: Spiconardi

War in Korea

The 38th Parallel After World War II Korea was divided into

North & South Korea due to Japanese invasion

North Korea – Communist & Industrialized South Korea – Non-communist rural

War in Korea Standoff at the 38th Parallel

In 1950 North Korea attacks South Korea Within days, North Korea was deep into

South Korean territory. USA sees this as act of aggression South Korea goes to United Nations

UN Security council votes to help South Korea US, Britain, Canada and 12 other nations join to

stop invasion North Korea supported by China and

U.S.S.R.

War in Korea: The See-Saw War

War in Korea: The See-Saw War

Truman vs. MacArthur Truman appointed WII

Pacific front hero Gen. McArthur commander in Korea

Disagree over military strategies & objectives

McArthur publicly criticizes Truman

Truman fires McArthur

War in Korea Aftermath and Legacy

First time UN gets involved in international crisis

US would not only use economic aid in policy of containment, but take military action to contain communism

North Korea Communist

dictatorship under Kim Il Sung and then his son Kim Jong Il

Development of nuclear weapons

Eisenhower’s Policies Massive Retaliation

Eisenhower worried spending too much on the military would bankrupt the government, but didn’t want to look weak to the Soviets

Decides to focus military spending on nuclear weapons

Massive RetaliationMassive Retaliation US would use nuclear weapons to stop aggression of USSR & China

Eisenhower: “simply means the ability to blow the hell out of them in a hurry if they start anything.”

Deterrence belief massive retaliation would deter USSR from hostile behavior

Eisenhower’s Policies

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship US would not back down from any threat even if it meant going to the brink of war

Domino TheoryDomino Theory small weak nations neighboring communist countries would fall to communism like a row of dominoes SEATO Treaty among USA, Great Britain,

Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, & Philippines to protect against communist aggression

Eisenhower's Policies: Middle East

Iran Prime minister of Iran moves to nationalize oil

industry US, via the CIA, overthrows prime minister and

restores the shah to secure America’s oil supply The Eisenhower DoctrineThe Eisenhower Doctrine US pledged to

help any Middle Eastern nation resisting communist aggression In 1958 Lebanon and Jordan ask for help;

both US and GB send troops to restore order

Sputnik In 1957, Soviets launch

a satellite into space, Sputnik, and fire the first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

US enters the “space race” US rushed to get their

own satellites into space and developed the NASA program

Military-Industrial Complex Upon reflecting about

leaving office, Eisenhower issued a warning to America “This conjunction of an

immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience…[the influence of the military-industrial complex could threaten the nation’s] democratic process.”

Kennedy & Latin America

JFK proposed sending $20 billion in aid to Latin America Problem is the money went to anti-communist repressiverepressive governments

Bay of Pigs Invasion CIA trains Cuban exiles to invade Cuba &

overthrow Fidel Castro INVASION FAILED

Embarrassed JFK and US Castro knew of invasion

Cuban Missile Crisis USSR places ICBM in Cuba pointed towards US

US finds out and Kennedy issues naval blockade of Cuba Blockade prevent supplies from getting to an opposing force

Despite having missiles in Turkey pointed at Moscow, JFK demands Khrushchev remove missiles from Cuba

At the deadline Khrushchev agrees as long as US leaves Cuba alone & takes down missiles in Turkey

Cuban Missile Crisis