the cold war: 1940s – 1950s mr. bach hudson high school united states history
TRANSCRIPT
The Cold War:The Cold War:1940s – 1950s1940s – 1950s
Mr. BachHudson High SchoolUnited States History
Cold War Chess GameCold War Chess Game
• The Cold War is much like a game of chess.
• One side makes a move and the other side makes a strategic decision to counter that move.
• Chess is game that can take hours to play; the Cold War will last through five decades.
So Let’s Begin the So Let’s Begin the Game!Game!
• To review what we have covered so far in the Cold War, we will play the Cold War Chess Game.
• See if you can remember the moves and countermoves for each side.
19451945
• American Move #1– Americans detonate atomic bombs
over Hiroshima and Nagasaki– Powerful weapon is threatening to
the Soviets given the hard anti-communist stance of the Americans.
• Soviet Countermove #1– Soviets use spies within the United
States to obtain atomic secrets.
19461946
• Soviet Move #1:– Iron Curtain descends on Eastern Europe– Soviets ignore American requests for free
elections; install puppet governments– Justification: Buffer zone needed because
of World War I and II.
• American Countermove #1:– George Kennan’s Containment Policy– Truman Doctrine (Greece and Turkey)– Marshall Plan (Western Europe)
19481948
• Soviet Move #2:– Soviets block supply routes into
West Berlin
• American Countermove #2:– Berlin Air Lift– Within one year, Soviet Union backs
down
19491949
• American Move #3– United States heads a new military
alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Soviet Countermove #3– Soviet Union heads a new military
alliance, the Warsaw Pact (1955)
19491949
• Soviet Move #3– Soviet Union detonates an atomic
bomb.– China falls to communism
(communist nations’ population is now more than double that of the NATO alliance)
• American Countermove #3– Second Red Scare– Loyalty Oathes– Spy Cases (Rosenbergs Executed)– McCarthyism
19501950
• Soviet Move #4– Kim Il Sung’s North Korean
Communists invade Democratic South Korea
• American Countermove #4– The United Nations declares a
“police action” to expel the North Korean invaders from South Korea
The UN Security The UN Security CouncilCouncil
5 nations with permanent veto power
The Korean WarThe Korean War
Truman vs. MacArthurTruman vs. MacArthur
North Korea TodayNorth Korea Today
Cease fire in effect since July 27, 1953
Leadership Change in Leadership Change in 19531953
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Premier Nikita Khrushchev
Spy vs. SpySpy vs. Spy• Americans
develop the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Soviets develop the Committee for State Security (KGB)
The Arms RaceThe Arms Race
Americans Soviets
October 1952
Hydrogen Bomb
August 1953
December 1957
ICBMs August 1957
January 1958
Satellite October 1957
Brinkmanship added to Containment under Eisenhower
Reaction to Reaction to SputnikSputnik• National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) formed in 1958
• National Defense Education Act (1958)
Eisenhower’s Farewell Eisenhower’s Farewell AddressAddress
A Warning – “The Military-Industrial Complex”