The Cognitive

Theory Presented by: Group #5Alejandra GarciaAlexandra RiveraEmma AguiluzFlorencia MazzonyMaría Lastenia BuesoMaythé FonsecaMónica GómezRegina Garcia Sharon Davis

Saturday, September 17, 2016

ORIGINS AND HISTORYCognitivism

The cognitivist revolution replaced behaviorism in the 1960’s.

It is the scientific investigation of the human cognition, that is all our mental abilities - perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning and understanding.

Human beings are:● Rational● Active● Alerted● Competent● They do not only receive information but they process it.

BASIS OF THE THEORY● Focus attention and stimulate curiosity and interest● Organize the new information into logical system● Elaborate new information by adding to it examples ● Provide real life examples● Use devices such as imagery or acronyms● Give time to develop metacognitive skills

Precursors Theories

Jean Piaget and William Perry demanded an approach to learning theory that paid more attention to what went on “inside the learner’s head.” They developed a cognitive approach that focused on mental processes rather than observable behavior.

Bruner is one of the pioneers of cognitive theory in the United States, which began through his own early reserach on sensation and perception as being active, rather than passive processes.

Bruner’s Theory

Jerome Bruner was born in New York City, October 1, 1915. He received his A.B. degree from Duke University in 1937 and his Ph.D in 1947 from Harvard. He was on the faculty in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, from 1952 - 1972. In 1960 Bruner published The Process of Education. This was a landmark book which led to much experimentation and a broad range of educational programs in the 1960's.

Bruner was influenced by Jean Piaget´s ideas about cognitive development in children.

He introduced the ideas of "readiness for learning" and spiral curriculum. Bruner believed that any

subject could be taught at any stage of development in a way that fit the child's cognitive abilities. Spiral

curriculum refers to the idea of revisiting basic ideas over and over, building upon them and elaborating

to the level of full understanding and mastery.

Bruner emphasized four characteristics of effective instruction which emerged from his theoretical constructs. 1. Personalized: instruction should relate to learners' predisposition, and facilitate interest toward learning, 2. Content Structure: content should be structured so it can be most easily grasped by the learner 3. Sequencing: sequencing is an important aspect for presentation of material 4. Reinforcement: rewards and punishment should be selected and paced appropriately.

Jean Piadget