The Civil War

US HistoryMrs. Hunt/Mrs. Nolin

Learning Target

• I will identify significant battles, strategies, events, and turning points in the American Civil War.

I. The Confederacy

A. Seceding South1. South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia,

Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida all seceded from the Union forming the Confederate states of the Union.

2. Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri decided to stay in the Union but not without serious revelations.

I. The Confederacy

A. Seceding South3. Many were afraid of Lincoln and what his

election meant to the South. 4. The occupation of Ft. Sumter by Union troops

led to the first battle of the Civil War. A. The battle lasted two days, eventually the South came

away with a victory.

II. Advantages

A. The North1. Both sides were confident in their victory. 2. The North felt as though they could overwhelm

the South with Superior resourcesA. Twice as many peopleB. More diverse economy

1. Factories2. Naval force3. Railroad lines – crucial for moving troops

II. Advantages

B. The South1. Fighting a defensive war. Felt as though the

North would grow tired and eventually leave them alone.

A. First Battle of Bull Run – Southern victory did not come easily. Gave the North a huge wakeup call.

III. Anaconda Plan

A. Strategy1. Lincoln devised a plan to squeeze the south like

an anaconda.A. Naval Blockade – Line of ships stopping sea traffic in

and out of Southern ports. B. Union would take control of the Mississippi,

separating the South.C. From their they would move east to squeeze the life

out of the deep south.

IV. Antietam

A. Bloodiest Battle1. General Robert E. Lee (South) decided to invade

Union territory by crossing into Maryland. 2. September 17, 1862 Confederate and Union

soldiers clashed in Antietam Creek.3. Bloodiest one day battle in American history.

Ended in a stalemateA. 20,000 soldiers killed or woundedB. Confederacy lost a quarter of their army

V. Emancipation Proclamation

A. Warning1. After Antietam, Lincoln issued a warning to the

South. A. Return to the Union by January 1, 1863 or he would

free their slaves. B. They ignored his warning

V. Emancipation Proclamation

B. Emancipation1. January 1, 1963 Emancipation Proclamation was

signed by Lincoln.A. All slaves living in states “in rebellion against the US

are to be thenceforward and forever free”B. Slaves living in areas loyal to the US were not affected.

C. Gave the Union a great moral purpose in the war.

VI. Vicksburg

A. Grant1. General Ulysses S. Grant continued to battle his

way to the Mississippi.2. May 1863, arrived at Vicksburg, Mississippi. 3. July 4, 1863 Confederate army surrendered,

Union gained control of the Mississippi.

VII. Gettysburg

A. Southern Invasion1. July 1, 1863 - General Lee once again invaded

the North. This time it was in Gettysburg, PA. A. Battle lasted for 3 horrible days. B. July 3, confederate forces were forced to retreatC. 50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded. D. From this point on, South would strictly fight a

defensive war. A. Gettysburg Address – All men are created equal. Out of war

would come a new birth of freedom.

VIII. Total War

A. What?1. To force surrender, Grant adopted a policy

known as total war. 1. Total War – doing what is necessary to undermine the

enemy’s willingness to fight. 1. Lead forces into Virginia to capture Confederate capital2. General Sherman would wage a campaign of destruction

through Georgia and the Carolinas.

IX. Sherman

A. March to Sea1. Captured and burned Atlanta to the ground2. Continued towards the sea destroying everything

of value. 3. Savannah was taken as well as the Carolina’s

X. Surrender

A. The End1. While Sherman waged total war, Grant and Lee

were locked in fierce combat in Virginia. 2. April 3, 1865 Richmond was captured and Lee

was forced to surrender.

X. Surrender

B. Terms1. Appomattox Court House

1. Confederates could keep their weapons2. Each member could allow home without being

disturbed by authorities.