the civil war chapter 4. politics of slavery chapter 4 section 1 differences between the north and...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Civil WarThe Civil WarChapter 4Chapter 4
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Politics of SlaveryPolitics of SlaveryChapter 4 Section 1Chapter 4 Section 1
Differences between the North Differences between the North and the South and the South Demographics (population and Demographics (population and
ethnicity)ethnicity) EconomyEconomy States rights (power shift to the States rights (power shift to the
north)north) Slavery (abolitionist movement)Slavery (abolitionist movement)
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The Underground Railroad
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Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
Should CA be a free or slave state?
What about the rest of the territories?
1. CA admitted as a free state
2. Fugitive Slave Law adopted
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Dred Scott Case (1857)Dred Scott Case (1857) Part of the fugitive slave Part of the fugitive slave
lawlaw Sued for his freedomSued for his freedom Supreme Court denied his Supreme Court denied his
case – not a citizen of the case – not a citizen of the United StatesUnited States
Returned as a slave to Returned as a slave to property owner (slave was property owner (slave was property) see page 166property) see page 166
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Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Repeal of Missouri Compromise
Kansas and Nebraska created from remaining Louisiana Purchase land
Territories to determine the status of slavery before admission as a state (popular sovereignty)
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Bleeding Kansas (1856-58)Bleeding Kansas (1856-58) Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery
factions flooded the territory and factions flooded the territory and fight over state constitutionfight over state constitution John Brown and sons hack pro-John Brown and sons hack pro-
slavery advocates to deathslavery advocates to death Unofficial start of the Civil WarUnofficial start of the Civil War
2 to 1 vote to become free state2 to 1 vote to become free state
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Harper’s FerryHarper’s Ferry JohnJohn Brown – doing God’s will Brown – doing God’s will
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Lincoln is elected without Lincoln is elected without support from any southern statesupport from any southern state
South Carolina secedes (leaves South Carolina secedes (leaves the Union) on December 20, the Union) on December 20, 18601860
The other lower states follow The other lower states follow and elect Jefferson Davisand elect Jefferson Davis
Fort Sumter attacked on April 4, Fort Sumter attacked on April 4, 18611861
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Civil WarCivil WarChapter 4 Section 2Chapter 4 Section 2
The confederacy included The confederacy included eleven slave states eleven slave states (West Virginia was created from (West Virginia was created from
part of Virginia that opposed part of Virginia that opposed slavery)slavery)
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Martial Law in several border states Martial Law in several border states to prevent them from defectionto prevent them from defection
Suspension of Suspension of writ of habeas corpuswrit of habeas corpus to deal with dissent – (Copperheads)to deal with dissent – (Copperheads) Over 13,000 put in jail during war Over 13,000 put in jail during war
without trialwithout trial
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First EngagementFirst Engagement 11stst Battle of Bull Run (near Manassas Battle of Bull Run (near Manassas
VA)VA) Union forces mass near D.C.Union forces mass near D.C. After long delay move southAfter long delay move south Watched by South and throngs of site- Watched by South and throngs of site-
seersseers 2,500 Union-2,000 Confederate 2,500 Union-2,000 Confederate
casualtiescasualties Union Army runs back northUnion Army runs back north
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CSS Merrimack (aka Virginia) 1861
Changing the nature of naval warfare
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USS Monitor
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Gunboats
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The HunleyThe Hunley 1863 – the first submarine used 1863 – the first submarine used
in battle in battle Confederates in Charleston SC Confederates in Charleston SC Sinks a Union ship blockading Sinks a Union ship blockading
harborharbor
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On both sides a soldier was three times more likely to die in camp than on the battlefield - infection and diseases
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““My paramount object My paramount object in this struggle is to in this struggle is to save the Union, and is save the Union, and is not to either save or not to either save or to destroy slavery,…” to destroy slavery,…” A. LincolnA. Lincoln Eventually turned to Eventually turned to
Ulysses S. Grant as Ulysses S. Grant as General of the ArmyGeneral of the Army
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Lincoln saw possible solution Lincoln saw possible solution as black colonization but as black colonization but dropped this by 1864dropped this by 1864
Little support for Little support for “compensated “compensated emancipation” bills he emancipation” bills he authoredauthored
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Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863 – only slaves in January 1, 1863 – only slaves in the areas of rebellion would be the areas of rebellion would be freefree
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Most generals believed whites Most generals believed whites would not fight along side of would not fight along side of blacksblacks
Paid $10 while whites were Paid $10 while whites were paid $13 a monthpaid $13 a month Congress said it would degrade Congress said it would degrade
whites to pay blacks the same whites to pay blacks the same raterate
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Over 180,000 African Over 180,000 African Americans serve the UnionAmericans serve the Union
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Go to Sherman PowerPointGo to Sherman PowerPoint
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Tide of War TurnsTide of War TurnsChapter 4 Section 3Chapter 4 Section 3
After more than two years of After more than two years of Union defeats----Union defeats----
Gettysburg Gettysburg Lee marches north to find Lee marches north to find
supplies in Penn.supplies in Penn. July 1-3, 1863 near Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 near Gettysburg
– North on Cemetery Ridge and – North on Cemetery Ridge and South on Seminary Ridge with South on Seminary Ridge with large field in between. large field in between.
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Three day standoff on bloody Three day standoff on bloody fieldfield
““Picketts Charge” – 15,000 Picketts Charge” – 15,000 Confederate troops attack Confederate troops attack strong point of Northstrong point of North 30 minutes later only ½ returned 30 minutes later only ½ returned to Southern linesto Southern lines
South retreats back into VirginiaSouth retreats back into Virginia
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New Spencer Repeating Rifle helps New Spencer Repeating Rifle helps the North win at Gettysburgthe North win at Gettysburg 7 round magazine fired in 10 seconds 7 round magazine fired in 10 seconds
rather than 3 rounds a minute with rather than 3 rounds a minute with musket loadersmusket loaders
Rebs thought that there were more Rebs thought that there were more Yankees due to amount of fireYankees due to amount of fire
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Gatling Gun saw only limited use Gatling Gun saw only limited use toward the end of the wartoward the end of the war
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Col. George Custer
Gen. Ambrose Burnside
Gen. Joseph Hooker
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Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address November 19, 1863November 19, 1863 ““A New Birth of Freedom”A New Birth of Freedom”
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Women in WarWomen in War Often women Often women
would follow would follow their husbands their husbands to the camps to the camps
Some women Some women went to work went to work while husband while husband was awaywas away
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Clara Barton “angel of the Clara Barton “angel of the battlefield”battlefield” First army nursesFirst army nurses Later founded American Later founded American
Red Cross Red Cross
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Lee agrees to surrender terms in Lee agrees to surrender terms in Appomattox Court House on April 9, Appomattox Court House on April 9, 18651865
Gen. Johnston and the rest of the Rebels Gen. Johnston and the rest of the Rebels surrender several weeks later surrender several weeks later
End of WarEnd of War
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Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination Southern conspirators Southern conspirators
led by John Wilkes led by John Wilkes Booth plotted to kidnap Booth plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange Lincoln and exchange him for prisoners of him for prisoners of war.war.
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April 14, 1865 Booth shot Lincoln April 14, 1865 Booth shot Lincoln while he was attending a play at while he was attending a play at
Ford’s TheatreFord’s Theatre
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ReconstructionReconstructionChapter 4 Section 4Chapter 4 Section 4
To repair the damage To repair the damage andand to to restore the south to the Union of restore the south to the Union of StatesStates
HardshipsHardships African Americans – new lives but African Americans – new lives but
what to do with that new life?what to do with that new life?
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Lincoln wants to “bind the nation’s Lincoln wants to “bind the nation’s wounds”wounds”
Lincoln’s “Ten Percent plan”Lincoln’s “Ten Percent plan” Pardons, S. States to hold Pardons, S. States to hold
Constitutional elections when 10% Constitutional elections when 10% swear allegiance swear allegiance
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Johnson’s PlanJohnson’s Plan PardonPardon 10% swear allegiance before new 10% swear allegiance before new
State Constitutional Convention.State Constitutional Convention. So. States must void secession, So. States must void secession,
abolish slavery and ratify 13abolish slavery and ratify 13thth Amendment (slavery)Amendment (slavery)
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Black CodesBlack Codes New southern governments were New southern governments were
still controlled by whitesstill controlled by whites Enactments to restrict Enactments to restrict
freedmen’s rightsfreedmen’s rights CurfewsCurfews VagrancyVagrancy Labor contractsLabor contracts Land restrictionsLand restrictions
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Lynching
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Congressional Congressional ReconstructionReconstruction
(Radical Reconstruction)(Radical Reconstruction) Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans seen Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans seen as threat to Congressional as threat to Congressional authorityauthority
Radical Republicans wanted to Radical Republicans wanted to punish the southpunish the south
1414thth Amendment (Equal Protection- Amendment (Equal Protection-1866) to deal with “black codes”1866) to deal with “black codes” Laws had to apply equally to allLaws had to apply equally to all
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Power StrugglePower Struggle Johnson did not support the Johnson did not support the
military rule in the South and military rule in the South and tried to fire the Secretary of War tried to fire the Secretary of War Edwin StantonEdwin Stanton
Angered, Congressional leaders Angered, Congressional leaders voted to “impeach” himvoted to “impeach” him
By one vote By one vote Johnson escapes Johnson escapes being removed being removed
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Ulysses S. Grant wins the 1868 Ulysses S. Grant wins the 1868 Presidential election Presidential election
Congress passes 15Congress passes 15thth Amendment to Amendment to insure the right to vote regardless of insure the right to vote regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 1870servitude.” 1870
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CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers Northerners Northerners
moving south moving south for profit or for profit or powerpower
ScalawagsScalawags White southern White southern
Republicans Republicans (opposed to (opposed to secession)secession)
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End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction Corruption within Grant’s Corruption within Grant’s
Administration and tired of 10 years Administration and tired of 10 years of reconstructingof reconstructing
As federal troops left, more As federal troops left, more freedmen were denied rightsfreedmen were denied rights
By 1872 the last ex-Confederates By 1872 the last ex-Confederates were pardonedwere pardoned
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The KKK - 1865, when six The KKK - 1865, when six ex-Confederate soldiers, ex-Confederate soldiers, met in Tenn. to form a met in Tenn. to form a secret society. Deriving its secret society. Deriving its name from the Greek word name from the Greek word "kuklos“ (circle)"kuklos“ (circle)
Originally social in nature. Originally social in nature.
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Evolved into a Evolved into a terrorist terrorist organization organization targeting African targeting African Americans, Americans, Carpetbaggers and Carpetbaggers and scalawagsscalawags
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W.E.B. du Bois (African American W.E.B. du Bois (African American civil rights leader) “The slave went civil rights leader) “The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the free; stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back into slavery sun; then moved back into slavery again”again”
Conditions did not get much better Conditions did not get much better until the 1950s and 60suntil the 1950s and 60s