the civil war begins! or, let’s get this party started! chapter 11.1 and 11.2
TRANSCRIPT
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The Civil War Begins!Or, Let’s Get This Party STARTED!
Chapter 11.1 and 11.2
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Fort SumterPost-secession, South takes most
Federal (Union) outposts in their territory – Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor is last significant holdout◦Lincoln doesn’t want to send in navy
to reinforce – why?◦Also can’t just give the fort up –
why?◦Jefferson Davis bombards the fort,
which eventually surrenders
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ComparisonNorth has large advantages in
industrial production, military-age population, military production, food production
South has Cotton income, great generals, possibly a “better” military, and an advantage in motivation – defending their way of life
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StrategiesNorth – Anaconda Plan
◦Blockade Southern ports – limit Cotton income, ability to import manufactured goods
◦Take the Mississippi and split the Confederacy in two
◦Capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, VA
South◦DEFENSE! – of land, economy, way of
life, etc.
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Bull Run/ManassasFirst major bloodshedBack and forth battle, but stalwart
Confederate defense plus reinforcements = Confederate VICTORY!◦Originates nickname Stonewall Jackson
Union retreats to Washington, Confederates too disorganized and exhausted to follow
Lincoln calls for 1,000,000 new enlistments
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Grant and Farragut in the WestUlysses S. Grant leads Union in Western
campaign◦Takes two forts (Ft Henry and Ft Donelson)
on Tennessee and Cumberland RiversBattle at Shiloh (near Mississippi border)
◦Confederate surprise Union troops, but good Generalling by Grant and a swift counterattack secure a draw
Union fleet under David Farragut starts push up Mississippi River to try to complete the division of South
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Capturing Richmond?Blockade of ports is working,
progress on Mississippi, but phase 3 of Anaconda is not going so hot
McClellan (Union) very slow to act, forced into retreat by Robert E. Lee◦Confederates had less soldiers and
suffered higher casualties, but McClellan lost his nerve
Lee makes move toward Washington (why is Washington so vulnerable?)
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AntietamMcClellan catches a break
◦Finds a copy of Lee’s orders – learns he and Stonewall Jackson are separated
Orders an attack on Lee near a creek named Antietam◦Bloodiest single day in American history!
more than 20,000 casualties (~3,650 killed)
Battle essentially a standoff, but McClellan doesn’t pursue the battered Confederate retreat
Soon fired by Lincoln
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Political IssuesEmancipation Proclamation
◦Slaves in rebelling lands are made free (as soon as Union gets in to liberate them)
◦Why not declare all slaves free?◦Also allows blacks to join Union army◦Confederacy more determined than ever – way of
life more directly threatened than everSuspension of Habeas Corpus
◦Lincoln suspends right to have court determine if a person is jailed legally Uses this power to jail dissenters, Southern sympathizers Jefferson Davis initially denounces measure, but later
does it himself
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Issues 2: Electric BoogalooConscription – Draft
◦South – 1862 Drafts all able-bodied men 18-35 (1864 changes to 17-
50) You could hire someone to take your place, also exempted
planters who owned more than 20 slaves – “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”
◦North – 1863 Drafts white men 20-45
Also allows people to employ substitutes or to buy their way out Riots is NY – many poor white workers object to
fighting a war to free people who might then take their jobs – wreck newspaper offices, homes of antislavery leaders, political offices Also attack many African-Americans and well-dressed people
(who looked like they could afford the $300 buyout
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Summation QuestionsFind a page in a notebook that you can
keep, not lose, and continue to periodically add to. Then answer the following:
Why wouldn’t Lincoln reinforce Fort Sumter?
In your opinion, what was the biggest advantage held by both the North and the South at the start of the war? Explain.