the civil war: 1861-1865. election of 1860 john c. breckenridge – southern democrat stephen a....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Civil War: 1861-1865
![Page 2: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Election of 1860
John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat
Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat
John Bell – Constitutional Union
Abraham Lincoln –
Republican
vs
√
Why did Lincoln win?
![Page 3: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
North v South in 1861: which side had all the advantages?
So why does it take four years for the North to win?
![Page 4: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lincoln’s ea, rly decisions:
• Keep slave-holding “border states” loyal
• Puts border states under martial (military) law = ________
• Gets rid of habeus corpus = _________
______, ______, _______, ______
![Page 5: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH SIDE
• NORTH/UNION
--industry:
--Capital:
--Leaders:
--Strategy:
--Cause:
SOUTH/CONFEDERACY--industry:
--Capital:
--Leaders:--Strategy:--Cause:
![Page 6: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Anaconda Plan
• Devise a strategy to win the war
• Devised by General Winfield Scott– _________– _________– _________
![Page 7: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Select a military leader
RE Lee decides to fight for the Confederacy!
So Lincoln selects George McClellan! McClellan proved to
be a weak leader though
![Page 8: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
On the battlefield
• Why won’t McClellan fight?– __________– ____________!
![Page 9: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
On the battlefield• 1st Battle of Bull Run, 1861
• Union defeat 25 miles away from Washington
• Lincoln realizes __________
• August 1862, 2nd Battle of Bull Run: Union is __________– _______________
• A replaced McClellan is put back in charge after this defeat
• Things not looking good for Union
![Page 10: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Battle of Antietam
• Lee’s objectives – a victory in the border state of Maryland might convince this border state to secede!
• Might convince GB to recognize Confederacy!
![Page 11: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
September 17th, 1862
• Antietam = ______________
• _________ casualties
• Considered ______________
![Page 12: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
McClellan’s Blunders!
• Advantage: Union! had a copy of Lee’s battle plans!
• Lee forced to retreat when unable to break through Union lines
• McClellan does nothing
• Militarily, battle is a draw BUT ______________________________
![Page 13: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Why is Antietam so important?Announced the ___________
_________________!• Freed all slaves ______________________
• Did not free ______________
![Page 14: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Effects
• Changed goal of war from preservation (keeping together) of Union → _________
• Kept the border states _______ • Ended possibility of _______________
![Page 15: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Effects (con’t)
• Allowed for the recruitment ________________
• Ended the criticism of _______________
![Page 16: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Grant at Vicksburg: 7/1863
• Union now has total control of the ______________ through Vicksburg → ____________
“Bread riots” break out in Southern cities
![Page 17: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lee’s last gamble: GETTYSBURGJuly 1-4, 1863
• Lee tries a 2nd invasion of the North
• 3 day battle end with the failure of _________________– Out of 15,000
Confederate troops, only 100 survive
• Union victory seen as ___________________
• Helped Lincoln _________________
July 1 – 3, 1863
![Page 18: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Both sides struggle to keep armies manned
• 1862 – Confederate draft begins– 20 Negro Law
• 1863 – Union draft after Union defeat at Fredericksburg– ________________– _________________
Is this a “poor man’s fight?”
![Page 19: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ROLE OF OTHERS• IMPORTANCE OF RAILROADS:
– Lifelines for the armies; if you cut the rails, enemies would not be able to send and get supplies
– Transport food, supplies, weapons; advantage for North which had more railroad mileage than the South
• Focus on the railroads as a key targets came at the Battle of Petersburg (Union attacked Confed RRs)
• IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN:
– Dorothea Dix: ________________________
– Louisa May Alcott: ________________________
– Clara Barton:
• ____________________________________________
Women organizations created hospitals; worked to keep military camps clean;
Other duties worked for Treasury Department and worked in factories making weaponry, made uniforms
Some women pretended to be men and served as soldiers until discovered
![Page 20: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IMPORTANCE OF BLACKS IN ARMS
• IMPORTANCE OF BLACKS IN ARMS– ____________________– ____________________– ____________________
• ___________________ QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 21: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Appomattox Court House: 4/1865
• Official • _____________surrenders to
___________
![Page 22: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
SAVE FOR RECONSRUCTION Election of 1864: Lincoln v
McClellan• Not sure Lincoln can win!• New running mate
chosen = Andrew Johnson → southerner & small slaveholder--Why would Lincoln have him as a running mate? To get southern support
• Lincoln sends South a message → the North will treat you fairly!
![Page 23: The Civil War: 1861-1865. Election of 1860 John C. Breckenridge – Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat John Bell – Constitutional Union Abraham](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0a26a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lincoln’s Inaugural Address“With malice toward none;
with charity for all…”
Lincoln tries to convince the South to stop fighting!