the city of greenville and greenlink transit (gta) diesel emissions reductions efforts
TRANSCRIPT
THE CITY OF GREENVILLE THE CITY OF GREENVILLE AND GREENLINK TRANSIT AND GREENLINK TRANSIT
(GTA)(GTA)DIESEL EMISSIONS DIESEL EMISSIONS
REDUCTIONS EFFORTSREDUCTIONS EFFORTS
EmissionsEmissions
NOx (oxides of nitrogen)NOx (oxides of nitrogen) VOC (volatile organic compounds)VOC (volatile organic compounds) Particulates (soot)Particulates (soot)
Ground Ozone PollutionGround Ozone Pollution
Ground-level or "bad" ozone is not emitted Ground-level or "bad" ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but is created by directly into the air, but is created by chemical reactions between oxides of chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the presence of compounds (VOC) in the presence of sunlight. Emissions from industrial facilities sunlight. Emissions from industrial facilities and electric utilities, motor vehicle exhaust, and electric utilities, motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are some of the major sources of NOx and VOC. some of the major sources of NOx and VOC.
BiodieselBiodiesel Propane InjectionPropane Injection CNG EnginesCNG Engines Idle ReductionIdle Reduction Vehicle ReplacementsVehicle Replacements Electric Battery Operated VehiclesElectric Battery Operated Vehicles Water based PaintsWater based Paints
EFFORTS TO DATE
BiodieselBiodiesel
Biofuels are Biofuels are not new!not new!
The first diesel engine ran on peanut oil.The first diesel engine ran on peanut oil.
Biodiesel – The goodBiodiesel – The good
Renewable fuel made domesticallyRenewable fuel made domestically Reduces dependence on foreign oilReduces dependence on foreign oil Has environmental (?) and fuel Has environmental (?) and fuel
lubricity advantages. May be lubricity advantages. May be advantage if running ULSD in older advantage if running ULSD in older diesel engines. diesel engines.
Improved regeneration of DPF’sImproved regeneration of DPF’s
Fischer-Tropsch Fuels
Biodiesel – The uglyBiodiesel – The ugly
B20B20 20052005
Soy Beans BiomassSoy Beans Biomass Animal FatAnimal Fat
B5B5
It will gel in South Carolina WintersIt will gel in South Carolina Winters
Why not just run pure Why not just run pure veggie oilveggie oil
Unprocessed oil such as vegetable oil Unprocessed oil such as vegetable oil can have a significant effect on engine can have a significant effect on engine performance over time. It has a much performance over time. It has a much higher viscosity and is less volatile.higher viscosity and is less volatile.
Producing the Biodiesel (Bio part) Producing the Biodiesel (Bio part) requires a process called requires a process called transesterification which basically transesterification which basically cracks the oil and blends it with cracks the oil and blends it with methanol. methanol.
Biodiesel – Bad ???Biodiesel – Bad ???
Increased NOIncreased NOxx under load under load
Propane InjectionPropane Injection
TANKTANK Regulator/ControllerRegulator/Controller
Port Port into the into the
Air Air Intake Intake tubetube
Propane InjectionPropane Injection
Average fuel consumption for a rear-Average fuel consumption for a rear-loader garbage truck = 25 gallons loader garbage truck = 25 gallons per day.per day.
With propane injection fuel use is 20 With propane injection fuel use is 20 gallons of diesel and 4 gallons of gallons of diesel and 4 gallons of propane. Net gain is 1 gallon of fuel.propane. Net gain is 1 gallon of fuel.
PROPANE INJECTION – The PROPANE INJECTION – The goodgood
Increased PowerIncreased Power Lower emissionsLower emissions ROI ROI In house installation.In house installation.
PROPANE INJECTION – Maybe PROPANE INJECTION – Maybe BadBad
2007 Engines with particulate filter 2007 Engines with particulate filter
CNG ConversionCNG Conversion
CNG ConversionsCNG Conversions
1998 F850 Ford with Cummins CNG 1998 F850 Ford with Cummins CNG EngineEngine Average mileage 63,987Average mileage 63,987
The goodThe good Very low emissionsVery low emissions Decent reliability in dump trucksDecent reliability in dump trucks
CNG ConversionsCNG Conversions - The - The badbad
High cost of conversionsHigh cost of conversions Weight and Volume of fuel tanksWeight and Volume of fuel tanks Recertification of fuel tanks every 36 Recertification of fuel tanks every 36
monthsmonths
CNG ConversionsCNG Conversions - The - The badbad
Loss of power (need two speed axle)Loss of power (need two speed axle) Cost of dispensing fuel Cost of dispensing fuel
Idle ReductionIdle Reduction
Positive method of reducing NOx Positive method of reducing NOx emissionsemissions
State Idling Restrictions for State Idling Restrictions for Commercial VehiclesCommercial Vehicles
City policy being developedCity policy being developed GPS Idling Limiters being evaluatedGPS Idling Limiters being evaluated
2010/2011 Vehicle 2010/2011 Vehicle ReplacementReplacement
7 35’ Transit Buses with 2010 7 35’ Transit Buses with 2010 enginesengines
2 Combination Sewer Trucks 2 Combination Sewer Trucks 4 F550 Recycling Trucks4 F550 Recycling Trucks 1 Rear Loader Garbage Truck1 Rear Loader Garbage Truck 1 Leaf Vacuum Truck 1 Leaf Vacuum Truck
DPF FiltersDPF Filters
DPF Filter In A Transit BusDPF Filter In A Transit Bus
Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles
2 Electric Trucks on order for 2 Electric Trucks on order for Downtown serviceDowntown service Replaces ¾ ton pickupReplaces ¾ ton pickup Assembled in Greenville SCAssembled in Greenville SC
5 Proterra Electric Transit Buses 5 Proterra Electric Transit Buses awaiting approval of a grantawaiting approval of a grant Assembled in Greenville??Assembled in Greenville??
Proterra Bus (BRT)Proterra Bus (BRT)
Proterra Electric BusProterra Electric Bus
Charges in 5 to 10 minutesCharges in 5 to 10 minutes
Tucked under the floor of the bus are lithium titanate batteries from Altairnano. The company claims they can cover a 2.5 hour-long bus route after a single five or ten minute rapid charge and says the batteries have an expected lifespan of 12 to 15 years in any climate
Battery Pac mounts under floor Battery Pac mounts under floor of busof bus
Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles
2 Electric Trucks on order for 2 Electric Trucks on order for Downtown serviceDowntown service Replaces ¾ ton pickupReplaces ¾ ton pickup Assembled in Greenville SCAssembled in Greenville SC
5 Proterra Electric Transit Buses 5 Proterra Electric Transit Buses awaiting approval of a grantawaiting approval of a grant
2 Electric or hybrid trolleys awaiting 2 Electric or hybrid trolleys awaiting grant approval.grant approval.
Proterra Drive UnitProterra Drive Unit
REDUCING REDUCING VOC’sVOC’s
Water based PaintsWater based Paints
NOx + VOC = Ground Level OzoneNOx + VOC = Ground Level Ozone Most new vehicles are now painted Most new vehicles are now painted
with a water based paint.with a water based paint. Accident repairs may still be painted Accident repairs may still be painted
with solvent based paintswith solvent based paints Water based paints has a very low Water based paints has a very low
VOC emissionsVOC emissions
Bus Painted with Water Based Bus Painted with Water Based PaintPaint
In ConclusionIn Conclusion 1. Anti-Idling efforts1. Anti-Idling efforts 2. Continue to investigate Biodiesel2. Continue to investigate Biodiesel 3. Determine the issues with Propane 3. Determine the issues with Propane
Injection and DPF’s.Injection and DPF’s. 4. Take every opportunity to use battery 4. Take every opportunity to use battery
electric vehicles in all areas of the City electric vehicles in all areas of the City fleet.fleet.
5. Continue to evaluate our VOC emissions5. Continue to evaluate our VOC emissions 6. Continue to pursue other opportunities 6. Continue to pursue other opportunities
such as Propane conversions such as Propane conversions