The Christianization of the WestDossier 2

Places of Worship.

● The Church used its wealth to build places of worship:○ churches.○ cathedrals.○ abbeys.○ monasteries.

Church

● Main place of worship in villages and small cities.

● Priests celebrated services

● Shelter for the poor and sick.

● Asylum.

Cathedral.

● Cathedral was the main place of worship in major cities.

● led by a bishop.● hosted religious

plays - “mystery plays”

Abbey & Monastery.

● Reserved for men and women who wanted to live:○ In a community.○ cloistered from the

outside world.● Nuns and Monks

studied.

Religious architecture.

● Religious buildings were built according to Roman or Gothic styles.

● Churches were built in the shape a cross.

Typhanum:● Masterpiece of

Roman sculpture.● located at the

entrance.Capital:● Topmost part of a

column that has been decorated with sculptures.

Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres.

• Built in the Gothic style.• Widest nave of any cathedral in France.• Stained glass windows allow light to enter into

the cathedral.

The Church’s role in education.

• The Church used Latin throughout the Christian west.

Latin: International Language.

• Latin was used in schools, in churches, and for trade.

• The Church practiced censorship.

• The Bible was the only reference book for education, culture, and science.

The Church’s role in education, culture, and science.

• Teachers: were members of the clergy.

• Students: were the sons of lords who were going to join the clergy.

• Monasteries were where students went to school.

The Church’s role in education, culture, and science.

Monastery Schools:• Education was first

provided in monasteries.

• Monks taught Latin, Theology, and Philosophy.

Cathedral Schools:• Schools that were

near a city’s cathedral.

• Monks taught Latin, Theology, and Philosophy.

The Church’s role in education, culture, and science.

Universities:• Universities were

built as of the 12th century when education started to become specialized.

• Professors and students from all over Europe would come to attend a particular university with a good reputation.

• Teachers were laypeople.

Universities.

• Universities taught priests and laypeople and attracted the best professors.

• Generous local people housed students.

• The most famous universities were in Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, and Oxford.

Pilgrimages and Crusades.

• To maintain religious fervour the Church organized pilgrimages and crusades.

Pilgrimages:• Trips to a locations

where a saint’s relics could be found.

• The main pilgrimage sites were Rome, Jerusalem , and Saint James of Compostela.

Crusades.

• Crusades were military expeditions towards Palestine.

• Palestine had fallen into the hands of Muslim Turks.

• In total there were 8 crusades from 1095-1291 AD.

• The 1st crusade took over Jerusalem and the other crusades tried to retake the city.

The third crusade: “The King’s Crusade” (1189-1192)

Pope Urban II

• Pope Urban II was the first to call a crusade to liberate Jerusalem.

• He promised remission of sins for all crusaders.