the chemistry of life, part 1 (.ppsx)

Chapter 2, Part 1: The Chemistry of Life

Punctuation is powerfulLets eat Grandma!

Lets eat, Grandma!

(Commas save lives)

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Punctuation is powerfulAn English professor wrote the words:

on the whiteboard and asked his students to punctuate it correctly.

All of the males in class wrote:

All of the females in class wrote:

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Kahoot! Proof of ConceptGet out yoursmartphone/tablet.Establish Wi-FiOpen a browserURL: http://kahoot.itTeams of Two

http://kahoot.ithttp://getkahoot.com

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Todays TopicsBuilding Blocks of MoleculesMatter and ElementsProtons, Neutrons, & ElectronsWater: Critical to LifeAtoms Sharing ElectronsBuffer SystemsChemistry of Life, Part 1

Chapter 2Part 1


43/5/2017Paradise Valley Community CollegeThe Chemistry of Life

Distribution of Elements on Earth

PhosphorusCarbonSodiumSulfurHydrogenCalcium



Source: bpc.edu/mathscience/chemistry/history_of_the_periodic_table.html. 2015.

Credit: modification of OpenStaxCollege.org, Chapter 2. 2015

Dmitri Mendeleev, 1834-1907Predicted many unknown elementsJulius Lothar von Meyer, 1830-1895Classified the known elementsGlenn Seaborg, 1912-1999 Discovered the trans-uranium elements, atomic numbers 94 to 102Periodic Table of the Elements


the Periodic Table of Elements

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#The Biologists Periodic Table3B4B5B6B7B8B1B2B

Creating the Biologists Periodic Table

1A3A4A5A6A7A8A2A


Vitruvian Man, 1490by Leonardo DaVinci

Elements in the Human BodyCalciumOxygenCarbonHydrogenPhosphorusTrace elementsPotassiumSulfurSodiumMagnesiumIronNitrogenSome atoms are found in greater proportions in molecules made only by living things.


The Biologists Periodic Table

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Electron (e-)Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around the atomic nucleusProton (p+)Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of all atomsNeutron (n0)Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleusAtomsElectronsProtonsNeutrons

Atoms contain electrons, protons, and neutrons. Nucleus


the Periodic Table of ElementsAtomic Number: The number of electrons OR protonsRelative Atomic Mass: Dimensionless physical quantity that aids in finding of the number of neutrons present

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Atoms differ in numbers of subatomic particles.An element is a pure, neutral substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons.Atomic number is the numberof protons in the atomicnucleus. (Lets count them.)Atoms of an element

15432677 protons# protons = # electrons7 electrons7Integer( ) = 7 neutrons 14.01

?71543267



POMTKA Biology 1BiosciencesvCellMoleculesDiscovery HDAnatomyK12 Periodic Table iCellNova ElementsTheres an app for that!


Electrons travel around the nucleus in different orbitals (shells). An even number of electronsis most stable.Atoms with vacancies in theirouter shells tend to interactwith other atoms.Atoms get rid of vacanciesby gaining or losing electrons,or sharing electrons withother atomsShell modelModel of electron distribution in an atomWhy Electrons Matter

Vacancy15432687

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#15


The first shell corresponds to the first energy level. It can hold up to 2 electrons.Hydrogen has one proton, so it has one vacancy.(Neutral but unstable)A helium atom has 2 protons, and no vacancies. (Stable)Shell ModelHydrogen (H)Helium (He)

12

2 electrons2 protons1 proton1 electronfirst shellNucleus

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#The second shell is thesecond energy level.It can hold up to 8 electrons. Carbon has 6 protons, soits first shell is full andits second shell has 4 electrons, and four vacancies.Oxygen has 8 protonsand two vacancies. Shell Model

6

8Electrons (e-)Second shellFirst shell

First shell

Second shell


The third shell is the third energy level.It can hold up to 8 electrons, for a total of 18.Sodium has 11 protons, so its first two shells are full andthe third shell has one electron. Thus, sodium has seven vacancies.Chlorine has 17 protons and one vacancy. Shell Model

11

17Third shell



Shell Model

7N

715P20Ca

15

20

Radius:2559118

Electron vacancy

Valence electronNitrogenPhosphorusCalcium


1A3A4A5A6A7A8A2A

the Octet RuleHow many valence electrons for neon (Ne)?How many valence electrons for carbon (C)?How many valence electrons for oxygen (O)?

4

6

8

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Lewis Dot Diagrams1 electron vacancy4 electron vacancies2 electron vacancies

ClNeOCH

11 electron vacancy0 electron vacancies

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Lewis Dot DiagramsMg

12

MgCl2Magnesium chloride

Cl

Cl

Source: www.drsfostersmith.com. 2017.

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#Isotopes Forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carryChanges the mass number, but not the chargeSame Elements, Different FormsHydrogen (1H)Deuterium (2H)Tritium (3H)Carbon-12Carbon-13Carbon-14

BIO156Paradise Valley Community College#23


Most carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons (12C).Carbon-14 (14C) is an unstable radioisotope with 6 protons and 8 neutrons.Carbon-14: A Radioisotope12C98.9%6 protons6 neutrons

13C1.1%6 protons7 neutrons14C

the chemistry of life, part 1 (.ppsx)

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