the challenges of urbanization urban opportunities urban problems reformers mobilize
TRANSCRIPT
The Challenges of Urbanization
Urban OpportunitiesUrban ProblemsReformers Mobilize
Urban Opportunities Urbanization: Growth of cities.
ImmigrantsMigration from rural areas
Innovation in farmingAfrican Americans escaping violence and discrimination in the south.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
Americanization Movement
Programs aimed at teaching immigrants to be good citizens. English Government History
Programs to teach social skills and American culture
Urban Problems
HousingTransportationWaterSanitationFireCrime
Housing Problem:
Housing on outskirts = transportation issues Tenements- cramped living conditions in the
intercity with unsanitary conditions. Solutions:
Row Houses - single family dwellings that share a side wall w/ other similar houses
Laws passed to guarantee minimum standards of plumbing and ventilation.
Dumbbell Tenements – 5 or 6 story buildings with indentations for ventilation.
Row House Diagram
Transportation Problem: People traveled on foot or
by horse-drawn vehicles. Solution: Mass Transit – system
designed to move large numbers of people. Street Cars
Cable (San Francisco) Electric (Richmond, VA)
Electric Subway (Boston)
Water
Problem: Availability of fresh, safe water. Diseases like cholera and typhoid fever No indoor plumbing – had to haul water
from pumps in the street. Solution: Public Water Works
Chlorination in 1893 (New York) Filtration in 1908 (New York)
Sanitation Problem:
Horse manure, sewage flow through open gutters, air pollution, no dependable trash service
Solution: Sewer LinesCity operated sanitation
departments
Fire
Problem: Limited water supply to fight fires Buildings made of wood Use of candles and kerosene lanterns Only volunteer firefighters
Solution: Full-time Professional Fire Departments Automatic fire sprinklers in 1874 Replacement of wood buildings with brick,
stone, and concrete
Crime
Problem:Pickpockets / ThievesCon MenGangs
Solution:Full-time, salaried Police Force
Reformers Mobilize
Problem: Poverty in CitiesSolution: Social Reformers
Social Gospel MovementSettlement House
Social Gospel Movement
Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service.Erected churches in poor
neighborhoods Persuaded some businesses to
treat workers more fairly.
Settlement Houses Settlement House - community
centers in slum neighborhoods that provide assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children-especially immigrants. Provides educational, cultural, and social
services Jane Addams – social reformer and co-
founder of Hull House in Chicago.
http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/newdesign/idabwells/
http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/urbanexp/timeline/timelinecontents.htm
http://tigger.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/urbanexp/main.cgi?file=img/show_gallery.ptt&gallery=5http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/addams