the cell. definition of cell a cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life...
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THE CELL
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Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
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Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
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Two types of cells Prokaryotic
Pro / karyote
Before / nucleus (Greek)
Prokaryotes: more primitive cells that lack a true nucleus. Eukaryotic
Eu / karyote
True / nucleus
Eukaryotes: cells that have a true membrane bound nucleus that contains the DNA
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Prokaryotic cells
Two domains in living world: Archaea and Bacteria
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These are prokaryote E. coli bacteria on the head of a steel pin.
Bacteria
For the first half of geological time our ancestors were bacteria. Most creatures still are bacteria, and each one of our trillions of cells is a colony of bacteria.
Richard Dawkins
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Archaea
•Not discovered until late 1970s
•Once thought to inhabit only extreme environments: hot springs, deep sea trenches, under the earth, salt flats (extremophiles) but now known to live everywhere
•Leading scientists to rethink how life arose in early days of Earth
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Prokaryotic Cell•Cell wall – protects cell and gives it shape
•Plasma membrane – regulates movement of materials in and out of cell
•Cytoplasm – gel-like liquid that contains parts that do work of the cell
•Ribosomes – build proteins
•DNA – hereditary material sits loose in the cell, is not in nucleus
Very small: .1-10 microns
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Prokaryotes play a huge role in our lives Yes, harmful diseases
TB
Rod shaped cells (bacilli)
Strep throat
Circular shaped cells (cocci)
Lyme disease
Spiral shaped cells (spirochete)
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But life wouldn’t exist as we know it without them Cyanobacteria: their ability to
photosynthesize created the oxygen-rich atmosphere that exists today
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•Digestion – E coli in our intestines helps us break down food to get the nutrients we need
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• Decomposers: recycle nutrients
Example: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: help plants that we eat obtain enough nitrogen to grow
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Biotechnology: solutions for major problems Example: environmental clean-up
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Example: Faster growing, disease resistant, more nutritious food
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Example: Cure diseases
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Eukaryotes
Includes 4 kingdoms:
Protists Fungi
PlantsAnimals
(including us)
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Eukaryotes vs. ProkaryotesBig differences: Have a membrane-bound nucleus that
encloses the DNA* DNA is organized as chromosomes Have other membrane-bound organelles to
carry out cell life processes Much larger (10-100 microns) Specialize to form multicellular organisms
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Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction multicellularity
can live in many different environments
can build large bodies
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Vocabulary Be able to define/explain theseCell Theory
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Bacteria
Archaea
Unicellular
Multicellular
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Membrane