the cell covers ca standards 1c, 1f, 1g. cell theory 1. organisms composed of one or more cells 2....
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The Cell
Covers CA Standards
1c, 1f, 1g
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Cell theory
• 1. Organisms composed of one or more cells
• 2. Cell is basic unit of organization
• 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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Two basic cell types
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• Two basic cell types-
• Prokaryotes- NO internal membrane-bound structures
• Eukaryotes- cells DO have internal membrane-bound structures, called ORGANELLES
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• Prokaryotes
• Simple- no nucleus
• Small- 1/10 size of a eukaryotic cell
• Bacteria
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Eukaryotes – everything else
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Organelles- why the separation?
• Separation allows multiple chemical reactions at the same time
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• Cells have a function, determined by instructions in nucleus
• Cells are like a factory, with different departments contributing to the final product
• The departments would be the _________
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• Nucleus– Control center– Contains DNA– Nuclear pores
– Chromatin- uncondensed DNA
– Nucleolus- produces ribosomes
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• Ribosomes– assemble enzymes &
other proteins from the directions of the DNA
DNA only carries instructions for proteins
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• Endoplasmic Reticulum- continuation of outer nuclear membrane. – Smooth ER-
makes/stores lipids– Rough ER-
ribosomes on surface make proteins
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Golgi Apparatus- stacks of membrane.
• Packages and transports macromolecules (proteins)
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• Mitochondria- supplies energy by breaking down glucose.
• Double membrane- folds called cristae.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 __
_ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP_
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• Vacuole-temporary storage area- food, enzymes, waste
• Lysosome- Digest food, waste, bacteria, -the garbage center. Has hydrolytic enzymes
• Cytoskeleton- framework for internal support
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Plant cells
Chloroplasts- contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Traps energy in sunlight for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
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• Plants have a cell wall- animal cells do not.
• Made of cellulose
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Terms YOU’RE responsible for looking up
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Cilia
• Flagella
• Centrioles- there’s something special about centrioles