The Cattle KingdomThe Cattle Kingdom

LonghornsLonghorns Brought by Spaniards in Brought by Spaniards in

1500’s1500’s Horns may be 6 ft. wideHorns may be 6 ft. wide Run fastRun fast 1700’s and 1800’s:1700’s and 1800’s:

Herds grewHerds grew American and Mexican American and Mexican

settlers began settlers began ranches in South ranches in South TexasTexas

Longhorns used to Longhorns used to start herdsstart herds

Longhorn PicsLonghorn Pics

Early Texas RanchersEarly Texas Ranchers

King Ranch, the most famous, was founded by King Ranch, the most famous, was founded by Richard King in 1852. The ranch doubled in size Richard King in 1852. The ranch doubled in size after his death to now be over 1 million acres, after his death to now be over 1 million acres, larger than Rhode Island.larger than Rhode Island.

The JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight, The JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight, included more than 100,000 cattleincluded more than 100,000 cattle

The XIT Ranch was located the panhandle and The XIT Ranch was located the panhandle and spanned over 3 million acres and consisted of spanned over 3 million acres and consisted of 6,000 miles of fence. The Ranch was later sold 6,000 miles of fence. The Ranch was later sold to homesteaders and ranchers. to homesteaders and ranchers.

Rise of Cattle BusinessRise of Cattle Business

BEFORE CIVIL WARBEFORE CIVIL WAR Millions of Millions of

longhorns in Texaslonghorns in Texas Sold for only $4 Sold for only $4

eacheach Ranchers raised Ranchers raised

cattle for leather cattle for leather and for tallow, or and for tallow, or fat, which was used fat, which was used in candles and soapin candles and soap

AFTER CIVIL WARAFTER CIVIL WAR Northern cities Northern cities

wanted beefwanted beef Price of longhorns Price of longhorns

rose from $4 to $40rose from $4 to $40 Northern cities Northern cities

made cattle made cattle ranchers more ranchers more moneymoney

Cattle drives beganCattle drives began One trail used was One trail used was

Chisholm Trail to Chisholm Trail to Abilene, KansasAbilene, Kansas

Famous Women RanchersFamous Women Ranchers

Margarita VillarealMargarita Villareal Florencia BonavideFlorencia Bonavide Paula Rodriguez, Paula Rodriguez, Lizzie Johnson Lizzie Johnson

WilliamsWilliams Margaret Heferman Margaret Heferman

BorlandBorland Could own land, but Could own land, but

could not vote!!could not vote!!

Life on the TrailLife on the Trail

Destination: Kansas and the Destination: Kansas and the RailroadRailroad

Cattle were rounded up and Cattle were rounded up and

branded in early springbranded in early spring Herds size: 3,000Herds size: 3,000 Number of men: 11-18Number of men: 11-18 Jobs: Trail Boss, Cook, Scout, Jobs: Trail Boss, Cook, Scout,

Horse Wranglers, Waddies or Horse Wranglers, Waddies or Trail hands, Pointers, Flanks Trail hands, Pointers, Flanks and Drag.and Drag.

Life on the TrailLife on the Trail

Horses: 50 – 60 to ensure Horses: 50 – 60 to ensure that the horses stayed fresh.that the horses stayed fresh.

Distance per day: 10 -15 Distance per day: 10 -15 milesmiles

Length of trip: 3 monthsLength of trip: 3 months Possible Dangers: Possible Dangers:

rainstorms, rattlesnakes, rainstorms, rattlesnakes, stampedes, drowning at river stampedes, drowning at river crossings, extreme heat, crossings, extreme heat, Indian and Indian and

bandit attacks. bandit attacks.

End of the Cattle KingdomEnd of the Cattle Kingdom

The decline started when farmers began sharing The decline started when farmers began sharing the plain and fencing their land.the plain and fencing their land.

Ranchers put up fencing on their land too.Ranchers put up fencing on their land too. Fences:Fences:

Before 1870 - rocks or woodBefore 1870 - rocks or wood 1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed 1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed

wire - a twisted wire with sharp pointswire - a twisted wire with sharp points Led to fightingLed to fighting Made long drives harderMade long drives harder

Drives ended when railroads were built into TexasDrives ended when railroads were built into Texas

PowerPoint QuizPowerPoint Quiz

Write the answers on a clean Write the answers on a clean sheet of paper.sheet of paper.

PowerPoint QuizPowerPoint Quiz

In what century were cattle introduced to In what century were cattle introduced to Texas?Texas?

Name one famous Texas Ranch. (hint: Name one famous Texas Ranch. (hint: larger than Rhode Island)larger than Rhode Island)

What is the name for a Spanish cowboy?What is the name for a Spanish cowboy?

PowerPoint QuizPowerPoint Quiz

Why were the cattle herded to the north?Why were the cattle herded to the north?

Who invented barbed wire?Who invented barbed wire?

What do you call the leader of the cattle What do you call the leader of the cattle drive?drive?

PowerPoint QuizPowerPoint Quiz

Before barbed wire, how did ranchers corral Before barbed wire, how did ranchers corral the cattle?the cattle?

Name one woman cattle rancher?Name one woman cattle rancher?

Could women own land?Could women own land?

What happened to end cattle drives?What happened to end cattle drives?