the cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
TRANSCRIPT
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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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LAYERS OF THE HEART
PERICARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
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RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART SUPERIOR VENA
CAVA INFERIOR VENA
CAVA RIGHT ATRIUM TRICUSPID VALVE RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMONARY
SEMILUNAR VALVE
RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERIES
LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES
RIGHT AND LEFT LUNGS
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
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LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART RIGHT
PULMONARY VEINS
LEFT PULMONARY VEINS
LEFT ATRIUM BICUSPID
(MITRAL) VALVE
RIGHT VENTRICLE AORTIC
SEMILUNAR VALVE
AORTA OXYGENATED
BLOOD
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CORONARY ARTERIES
SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM WITH OXYGENATED BLOOD
BLOCKAGE OR INFARCT OF ONE OF THESE ARTERIES CAUSES A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
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THE CARDIAC CYCLE
SYSTOLE – CARDIAC CONTRACTION THE BLOOD IS FORCED OUT OF THE HEART TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION AND TO THE BODY FOR CIRCULATION
DIASTOLE – CARDIAC RELAXATION THE BLOOD IS RETURNED TO THE HEART FROM THE LUNGS AND THE BODY
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THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM
SINO-ATRIAL (SA) NODE ATRIAL IMPULSES ATRIO-VENTRICULAR (AV) NODE BUNDLE OF HIS BUNDLE BRANCHES PURKINJE FIBERS
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EKG COMPONENTS P WAVE – INDICATES ATRIAL
DEPOLARIZATION CAUSING ATRIAL CONTRACTION
QRS COMPLEX – INDICATES VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION CAUSING VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
ST SEGMENT – INDICATES MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE
T WAVE – INDICATES VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION CAUSING VENTRICULAR RELAXATION
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EKG BASICS
ELECTRODES – SENSORS PLACED ON THE PATIENT TO PICK UP ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
LCD DISPLAY – LIQUID CRYSTAL DIODE AREA FOR PATIENT DATA ENTRY
ECG/EKG – RECORDING OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ONTO GRID PAPER
LEADS – WIRES ATTACHED TO ELECTRODES
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CARDIAC DIAGNOSTICS
BLOOD ENZYME TESTS
WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
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WHAT THE EKG WILL SHOW
HEART RATE RHYTHM SIGNS OF
CARDIAC ENLARGEMENT
HEART DISEASE MYOCARDITIS
SIGNS OF HEART INJURY (MI)
ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITY
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
DRUG TOXICITY
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USES OF AN EKG
TO DIAGNOSE
FOR MONITORING
IN DEFIBRILLATORS
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INDICATIONS FOR AN EKG
FUNCTION OF HEART
ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
CHANGES IN THE HEART
ROUTINE PRE-OP
PART OF A COMPLETE P.E. AFTER AGE 40
EVALUATION OF CARDIAC CONDITIONS
STAT – USUALLY IN AN EMERGENCY
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EKG PREPARATION
PHYSICIAN’S ORDER CALIBRATION PATIENT’S DATA LOCATION, DATE,
AND TIME PATIENT’S AGE, SEX
AND CARDIAC MEDS
PATIENT’S WEIGHT AND HEIGHT
ANY SPECIAL CONDITION OR POSITION OF PATIENT DURING PROCEDURE
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PATIENT PREPARATION
REMOVE CLOTHING FROM THE WAIST UP
REMOVE JEWELRY THAT MAY INTERFERE
PROVIDE DRAPE FOR PRIVACY
CLEAN SKIN WITH ALCOHOL
APPLY LEADS TO NON-HAIRY AREA
SHAVE AREA ONLY IF NECESSARY
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APPLYING ELECTRODES
COMPLETE EKG CONSISTS OF 12 LEADS
LIMB LEADS ARE APPLIED TO ARMS AND LEGS
CHEST LEADS ARE APPLIED TO THE CHEST
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LIMB LEADS
RA - FLESHY OUTER AREA OF UPPER RIGHT ARM
LA – FLESHY OUTER AREA OF UPPER LEFT ARM
RL – FLESHY PART OF LOWER RIGHT LEG
LL – FLESHY PART OF LOWER LEFT LEG
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CHEST LEADS V1 – 4TH
INTERCOSTAL SPACE RT OF STERNUM
V2 – 4TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE LT OF STERNUM
V3 – MIDWAY BETWEEN V2 & V4
V4 – 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE AT MID-CLAVICULAR LINE
V5 – SAME LEVEL AS 4 AT LT ANT. AXILLARY LINE
V6 – SAME LEVEL AS 4 AT LT MIDAXILLARY LINE
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THREE LEAD TRACING
RA- RIGHT OF STERNUM
LA – LEFT OF STERNUM
LL LEFT LOWER RIB AREA
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HEART RHYTHMS
NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM (NSR) SINUS TACHYCARDIA SINUS BRADYCARDIA ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA (A-TACH)
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HEART RHYTHMS PREMATURE ATRIAL
CONTRACTION (PAC) ATRIAL FLUTTER ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION (A-FIB)
PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (PVC)
DANGEROUS PVCs VENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA (V-TACH)
VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (V-FIB)
ASYSTOLE
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CARDIAC DISEASES
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
ANGINA PECTORIS
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
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VALVE DISORDERS
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
STENOSIS
INSUFFICIENCY (PROLAPSE)
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MUSCLE DISORDERS
CARDIOMYOPATHY
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)
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CARDIAC TREATMENTS
MEDICATIONS
ANGIOPLASTY
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG)
HEART TRANSPLANT
VALVE REPLACEMENT
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CARDIAC HC WORKERS
CARDIOLOGIST CARDIAC SURGEON CARDIAC INTENSIVE
CARE NURSE CARDIAC
CATHERTERIZATION
NURSE
EKG TECHNICIAN ECHO
TECHNICIAN CARDIAC
BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT TECHNICIAN