the canadian efforts on the expeditious · wajid ali chishty national research council canada with...
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The Canadian Efforts on the Expeditious
Integration of Alternative Fuels including
Biofuels in Aviation
Wajid Ali Chishty National Research Council Canada
with contributions from:
Ted McDonald, Transport Canada, Jorin Mamen, BioFuelNet Canada and
Sylvain Cofsky, GARDN
October 20, 2015
• Aviation supports 8% global GDP; provides rapid transportation
for about 3 billion people and over 40 mT cargo annually
• Aviation fuel usage
Represents 2% of global fuel burnt and 12% of transportation fuel
consumption
250 b-lit in 2009; 280 b-lit in 2013; 450 ~ 550 b-lit predicted by 2035 (x3
in 2050)
Responsible for ~40% of airlines’ operational cost
• Responsible for 3% of all radiative forcing. With air traffic growth
of 5% per year in future, percentage contribution of radiative
forcing may climb to ~ 10%
• CO2 levels/predictions 632 mT in 2009
705 mT in 2013
1138 - 1389 mT predicted in 2035 (x3 in 2050)
The Aviation Industry – Contribution to
GHG and Air Pollutions
3
• Visible and highly regulated industry
• Volatility of jet fuel pricing
• Carbon trading and similar schemes
• Carbon Neutral growth by 2020
relative to 2005 – will require 30% of
civil aviation fuel from renewable
sources
• 50% CO2 reductions by 2050
compared to 2005 – will require 75%
of civil aviation fuel from renewable
sources
• Eco-fuels benefits:
Potential for 65-80% reduction in GHG
Use on both existing and future aircraft
Why Aviation Cares for Eco-Fuels?
4
catalytic upgrading alcohol
Alternative Jet Fuel Pathways
lipid-based fuels carbohydrate-based fuels
camelina,
algae, etc.
hydroprocessing
sugar cane, etc. lignocellulosic biomass
saccharification
Thermal-
catalytic or
pyrolysis Gasification/
reforming
sugars syngas
bagasse
fermentation
HEFA
Annex A2 DSHC/SIP
Annex A3
ATJ
Task
Force
SK, SAK
Task Force
HDCJ
Task Force
FT-SPK
Annex A1
coal, natural gas
Catalytic
Hydrothermolysis
lipids
CH
Task
Force
bio-oil
FT-SKA
Task Force July 2011
ARA June 2014 SPK
SKA
GEVO, Cobalt/USN, UOP, LanzaTech,
Swed Biofuels
Byogy, LanzaTech,
Swed Biofuels
Virent KiOR, UOP
SASOL, Rentech
Sept 2009
Crude oil
Co-Procss’d
Task Force
Chevron, BP, Phillips66
Certification Status of Alternative Fuels
Bombardier Aerospace
• Q400 world’s first turboprop aircraft to fly on biofuel
Porter Airlines
• First revenue flight in Canada on biofuel from Montreal to Ottawa
• Flew ICAO Secretary General on bio-fuelled flight from Montreal to Toronto en-route Rio+20 conference
Air Canada
• Flew ICAO Secretary General on bio-fuelled flight from Toronto to Mexico en-route Rio+20 conference
• Flies athletes to London from Montreal Olympic 2012
Royal Canadian Air Force
• Canadian Hercules C-130
National Research Council Canada
• World’s first “unblended” 100% biofuel flight
Canadian Biofuel Flights
Support from Four Corners of
Canadian Research & Deployment
Landscape
7
Research & Technology
Organizations Industry
Regulatory
Agencies
Academia
• Microbiology
Identification of high yield algae strains
Development of algae harvesting technologies
Identification and demonstration of scalable technologies
Development of high yielding GM crops
• Biotechnology
Development of bio chemicals and high-value bio products
Development of alternative bio oil pathways
• Bio-Fuels’ Performance Testing
Engine qualification testing
Components and fuel system modification
Material and coating compatibility assessment
Emissions assessments
• Conversion of Biomass
Development of efficient bio-reactors
Development of efficient methodologies for dewatering, drying and lipid extraction
Feed
sto
ck
Co
nve
rsio
n
Va
lid
ati
on
NRC Biofuels Activities
8
Seed-to-Sky Partnership
Takes Flight to Create History
9
GE F404:
> Fleet qualification for RCAF F18 aircraft
> Performance, durability & emissions testing
> FT fuel (50-50)
RR-Allison T56:
> Fleet qualification for RCAF CC130 aircraft
> Performance, durability & emissions testing
> HEFA (50-50)
Microturbo TRS18:
> Systematic Alternative Fuels Evaluation (SAFE)
> Simulated altitude performance & emission testing
> Fully- & semi-synthetic FT & HEFA
GE CF700:
> Qualification testing for unblended 100% Falcon 20 flight
> Performance & emissions testing
> Fully-synthetic HEFA
Engine Qualification Testing
at NRC
Aviation Task Force
1. Biodiluent and Biojet Production and Use: Techno-Economics and
GHG Impacts – Queen’s University
2. Technology Scan and Benchmarking of Biomass to Jet Fuel Thermo-
Catalytic Conversion via Life Cycle Analysis - UBC
3. Macroalgae as a Viable Biomass for the Treatment of Wastewater and
Production of Biojet Fuel – Queen’s University
4. Particulate Matter/Soot Aerosol Formation Propensities and Thermal
Oxidative Stability of Biojet Fuels at Elevated Pressures – University of
Toronto
5. Evaluation of Domestic and International Policy Mechanisms to
Facilitate the Establishment of a Renewable Drop-In Aviation/Marine
Biofuel Supply Chain in Canada – UBC
6. Development of a Modelling Framework to Optimize Biojet Fuel Supply
Chains for Economic, Environmental and Social Goals Attainment –
McGill University
7. Canadian Supply Chain Initiative to Blend Biojet in Airport
Infrastructure – Waterfall Group
Biojet Research Packages
WHAT WE DO?
• We promote the development of green technologies
• We increase competitiveness of Canada’s Aerospace Industry
through the reduction of its environmental footprint.
HOW WE DO IT?
• By funding of precompetitive collaborative industrial R&D
projects.
WHY WE DO IT?
• To encourage : creativity, collaboration and investment
• To ensure that companies address the environmental impact
of their products and services along the entire life cycle.
QUIET
CLEAN
SUSTAINABLE
Green Aviation Research &
Development Network
Canada’s Biojet Supply Chain
Initiative: Enabling 2020
Carbon Neutral Growth
Objective:
Demonstrate the operational feasibility of biojet fuels in the
domestic jet fuel supply system, catalyze the development of
the domestic biojet sector by using HEFA biojet, validate
CND biojet supply chain elements, and generate hands-on
experience with biojet handling and integration to develop
best practices in a Canadian context.
Project Leader:
Partners:
1. Evaluation of Bio-SPK Production from new Canadian Feedstock Crop, Carinata.
2. Biologic and Process Technologies for Renewable Fuel
3. Assessment of Technology Maturation Pathways to Produce Biojet from Forest Residues
GARDN’s Continuous Funding
for Bio-fuel Projects
Objective:
To establish biofuel processes and properties, undertake fit-
for-purpose and component tests to address discrepancies
and perform engine tests to validate “drop-in” requirements.
Funding International
Collaboration
Partners:
Project Leader:
• Ensures a safe, secure, efficient and environmentally responsible Canadian transportation system
Assess safety, security and economic implications in proposed environmental measures
• Regulates all emissions from the aviation, marine and rail sectors – leads Canadian participation and involvement at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
• Removes barriers to enable take-up of clean technologies – e.g., modernized and harmonized codes, standards, test protocols, targeted incentives, research
Transport Canada
Responsibilities
• Aviation Impacts on the Global Climate
Aviation Emissions Impacts in the Arctic (FAA)
New ICAO aircraft CO2 metric (PARTNER/ASCENT)
• Aviation Impacts on Air Quality
Cdn measurement technology for new ICAO nvPM standard and
methodology (link with PARTNER/ASCENT,GARDN)
Airport Carbon and Emissions Reporting Tool (ACI)
• Aviation Alternative Fuels
Fuel, engine and flight testing (GARDN/NRC)
NASA ACCESS II program (NASA/FAA/NRC)
Cdn biojet value chain assessment (BFN/ASCENT)
Unleaded avgas testing (NRC/FAA)
Environmental Research
Priority Areas & Collaborations
• Continue to strengthen linkages
• Establish and expand linkages
Opportunities for Expanded
Collaborations
Questions? WAJID ALI CHISHTY
Program Leader
National Research Council Canada
Tel: (613) 993-2731
www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca www.tc.gc.ca
www.gardn.org www.biofuelnet.ca www.criaq.aero