the caliper and xapi frameworks what are they and why they are important hendrik drachsler, sander...
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The Caliper and XApi frameworks what are they and why they are important
Hendrik Drachsler, Sander Latour, Alan Berg
Dyckhoff, A. L., Zielke, D., Buelltmann, M., Chatti, M. A., & Schroeder, U. (2012). Design and Implementation of a Learning Analytics Toolkit for Teachers. Educational Technology & Society, 15 (3), 58–76.
Tracking of data in the LMS
Do we track the Learning Process with these data?
- Real learning takes places everywhere but for sure not ONLY in the LMS- Quantified Self of Learning (Games, Books, Talks, TV, Wearable's, mobiles)
Learning Analytics Summer Institute NL, #LASI_NL, 30.06-01.07.2014
Very little learning takes place in the LMS, we need to be able to track ANY learning activity
EVERYWHERE.
Learning Analytics Summer Institute NL, #LASI_NL, 30.06-01.07.2014
How Tin Can API worksTin Can enabled activities send simple statements to a Learning Record
Store.
Learning Analytics Summer Institute NL, #LASI_NL, 30.06-01.07.2014
LRS
Elearning Game Simulator Blog YouTube
CC: http://www.slideshare.net/phish108/tincan-in-the-wild
Xapi Statements
Learning Analytics Summer Institute NL, #LASI_NL, 30.06-01.07.2014
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Learning Locker (OS Learning Record Store)
Learning Analytics Summer Institute NL, #LASI_NL, 30.06-01.07.2014
What’s Tin Can API then?
Tin Can API is the code name that Experience API was developed under. Still commonly used but the proper name is Experience API or xAPI (according to the spec and ADL - 2014).http://www.adlnet.gov/tla/experience-api/
(Rustici disagrees though) http://tincanapi.com/2012/12/11/we-call-it-tin-can/
What is a Learning Record Store?
LearningRecord Store
LMS
Webpages LTItools
System X,Mobile, etc.
Rest Services for adding or querying LearningRecord Store
Experience API (xAPI) protocol
http://tincanapi.com/statements-101/JSON: actor verb object context extensions etc.
{ "actor": { "name": "Sally Glider", "mbox": "mailto:[email protected]" }, "verb": { "id": "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/experienced", "display": {"en-US": "experienced"} }, "object": { "id": "http://example.com/activities/solo-hang-gliding", "definition": { "name": { "en-US": "Solo Hang Gliding" } }} }
xAPI Benefits
● Decouples activity streams from specific software (centralizes data)
● Standards approach● Scalable - But {the LRS market needs to mature}● Structured data - But {depends on what you
send}● Can work well with LTI dashboards● Supports community● Clean data for research● Growing market enthusiasm
ACTIVITY SOURCES
•UvA have already invested in Sakai CLE and Apereo OAE TinCAN API support, uPortal being built: https://confluence.sakaiproject.org/display/TINCAN/Home
•MOOC like Example: Adding Youtube activity to a Learning Record Store
•http://tincanapi.com/2013/08/28/youtubetin-can-tech-tips/• Embed a Youtube player in a webpage• Add some enriching Javascript
– http://rusticisoftware.github.io/TinCanJS/• Record to an LRS
•Adopters: http://tincanapi.com/adopters/
xAPI Risks
● Security (is the data secure?)● Privacy and ethics issues vary widely
from country to institution● Still early on in its maturity model● Requires an initial investment● Data in the cloud (is your data safe?)● The reference implementation
(ADL_LRS) is not production ready.
ADL LRSOpen Source Python installed reference
There is a simple LRS (created by ADL) available in github but it is not scaleable and also not very easy to usehttps://github.com/adlnet/ADL_LRS● Reference implementation● Free open source (Apache license)● Python based● Minimal functionality● OK for testing compatibility with xAPI
spec
Experimenting
• https://confluence.sakaiproject.org/display/TINCAN/Home
• Sakai as LRS• ADLNET as reference implementation
Learning Analytics Summer Institute NL, #LASI_NL, 30.06-01.07.2014
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LTI Chaining dashboard parts
What does a POTENTIAL CAMPUS WIDE deployment look like?
Learning Record Store
WarehousePrediction framework + Fact generations
OAAIBlackboard AnalyticsCourse SignalsCaliper
SIS
LMS next gen
VideoBasicLTI tools
FACTS
Service A
Service X
Activity
Research Services
UvAInform Dashboard A
UvAInform Dashboard z
COACH
STAGE 1
https://confluence.sakaiproject.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=75671025
→ OAAI
LRS options (partial list)
Rustici ScormCloudCommercial cloud or installed
WaxLRSCommercial cloud
Learning LockerOpen Source PHP installed
UvA LRSOpen Source Java installed
Something to take away
• Without an LRS we are stuck with data silo’s, dirty data no clear strategy to work together
• Standards decouples components in the infrastructure• Standards supports validation across services• Standards and guidelines are mutually supportive• Researcher friendly• Lets look towards a uniform set of guidelines for products
services• Lets work with an International community• Let’s look towards data democracy between facilities
Plug for the next presentationLook to collaborate with other Universities.
– We are not Unique, being pulled into the drift of the LA trend– Apereo has a proven track record– Share risks and requirements– Avoid duplication– Build industrial software– Share costs– More eyeballs more security– Consistent guidelines for Ethics and Security practices– Scale up validation (it ain’t all about visualizations)– More (NO DOUBT)
What is the Experience API (xAPI)
● Standard communication protocolhttps://github.com/adlnet/xAPI-Spec
● Define statements about learning activity:Actor Verb Object - “I did this”
● REST service for writing and querying● Developed by ADL (with Rustici)
http://www.adlnet.gov/tla/experience-api/● Version 1.0 (Apr 2013), 1.0.1 (Oct 2013)● Good introduction at:
http://tincanapi.com/overview/