the bond between a horse and a human debbie crews arizona … · 2012-08-08 · a meta-analysis...
TRANSCRIPT
Horse and Human Bond 1
Running head: HORSE AND HUMAN BOND
The Bond Between a Horse and a Human
Debbie Crews
Arizona State University
Horse and Human Bond 2
Abstract
The bond that exists between a horse and human was examined using EEG from the horse and
human simultaneously. Three volunteers ranging from novice to elite horse experience
participated with an unfamiliar horse. The elite participant was also recorded with her own horse.
A dose-response effect was tested using 6 conditions requiring increasing interaction between the
horse and human (baseline – apart, standing together, petting, grooming, sitting, and riding).
EEG was recorded from 10 locations on the horse and the human. EEG brain maps illustrated
that increasing interaction between the horse and human showed more synchronous EEG. The
elite horse person showed greater synchronization with her own familiar horse. Perhaps these
findings illustrate the bond that exists between horses and humans.
Horse and Human Bond 3
The Bond Between a Horse and a Human
For centuries people have talked about the relationship between “a man and his horse,”
and the “bond that exists between a horse and a rider.” Does it exist? Can we see it? Most
horse lovers will verify that we can feel it, but how do we know it exists? Horses have been used
in therapy since 1950s because they help people heal (DePauw, 1986). What is it about the horse
that is so magical and magnificent? What ability do they have as “therapists?” They never went
to counseling or psychology classes or passed any certification programs. What is their inherent
ability to heal? Therapists that include horses in the equation will tell us that horses “mirror the
emotions of humans.” What does this mean and how is it possible? Is this the variable that
facilitates healing?
Animal-assisted therapy is an important component of hospitals, nursing homes, schools,
etc. A meta-analysis (Nimer & Lundahl, 2007) of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) showed
moderate effect sizes for autism-spectrum symptoms (d=0.72), medical difficulties (d=0.59),
behavioral problems (d=0.51), and a low to moderate effect size for emotional well-being
(d=0.39). All effect sizes were significantly different from zero. Study quality did not influence
these results. Dogs were the most often cited animal in the studies and results showed moderate
to high effect sizes (d=.39-.57). While the population tested and number of sessions did not
significantly influence the results, individual sessions compared to group therapy and AAT
compared with other therapy treatments showed significant positive effects. Interestingly,
individuals in the non-disabled group showed more positive and reliable results from AAT than
Horse and Human Bond 4
individuals with disabilities in the well-being and behavioral groups. AAT appears to have a
positive influence on many populations.
The first scientific investigations of horse therapy appeared in the 1980s, 30 years after
they were being used for therapy (De Pauw, 1986). An excellent review by DePauw (1986)
presents the history and classification of horse therapy. Physiological benefits of horse
interaction are the basis of hippotherapy. These refer primarily to gait and rhythm. The walk of
the horse can transfer to facilitate the walk of humans. Educational benefits include improved
motor skills, language skills, social abilities, and enhanced self-concept.
The horse-human relationship has been addressed in articles and research (Beck &
Katcher, 2003; Robinson, 1999). Robinson points out that there are various types of
relationships with horses. Some ride horses, some are caretakers of horses, some use horses in
their work (i.e., farm, mounted police) and others are engaged in sport (i.e., show, polo). Does
riding a horse create a sense of elevated status as in the history of horses or perhaps elevated
consciousness? The nature of the relationship is quite variable according to the research (males
vs. females, young vs. old, etc). Perhaps it is more important to determine the type or level of
“bond” that occurs in order to accurately assess the benefits of the relationship with horses. Is
caring for the horse an important aspect for beneficial effect? Does it matter if one rides the
horse? These answers may help clarify the research results of various populations, programs,
and settings.
Horse and Human Bond 5
Researchers have attempted to look at the heart and brain states of the animal and human
bond (Hama, Yogo, & Matsuyama, 1996; Keeling, Jonare, & Lanneborn, 2009; Lynch, Fregin,
Mackie, & Monroe, 1974). The first study by Lynch et al., 1974, showed that the horse’s heart
rate increased when a human entered or left their space, and slowed when the horse was pet.
Hama et al., 1996, demonstrated increased heart rate patterns in both the horse and the human
with interaction. The increases were reduced with petting. Horse experience had some influence
on the level of heart rate response, but not on the pattern of response for both the horse and the
human. A recent study by Keeling et al., 2009, examined the correlated heart rate increase in the
horse and the human when the human anticipated a startling event. There was a significant
increase for both the horse and the human when the human was anticipating an umbrella opening
at a certain point. They concluded that heart rate was a useful tool to investigate horse-human
interactions.
Anna Wise examined the brain wave activity of people as they experienced a horse.
Later she studied the effect of the human TTouch approach on a two-year-old Thoroughbred filly
to determine whether the beta, alpha, theta and delta waves would become similar (Tellington-
Jones, 2006). Robin Bernhard attempted a similar examination of brain waves with her horse,
Grace, in 2004. These unpublished case studies found positive synchronizing effects for the
horse and for humans recorded on separate occasions. The experimenters suggest that perhaps
brain wave activity could be a viable measure to examine the effect of touch on horses and
humans.
Horse and Human Bond 6
Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if a dose response effect
occurs between a horse and a human. In other words, does more interaction with the horse show
more relationship in their brain signals? Secondly, does this relationship only exist for people
who suggest they “bond“ with animals,” or is it present for anyone? Lastly, does this
relationship differ if someone has had a long relationship with a horse compared to a new
relationship?
To test this relationship the electroencephalograph (EEG) of a horse and a human were
recorded simultaneously in two separate recording instruments and two separate computer
systems. It was hypothesized that the more interaction a human has with a horse, the more
synchronized the brain patterns would become.
Method
Participants
The human participants included two female and one male volunteer. One college-age
female was fearful of horses, the college-age male had minimal horse experience (rode two or
three times) and the second female was more of a “horse whisperer” named Cuz Coste (49 years
of age). Cuz has been written about in several popular horse publications for her ability to
“connect” with horses.
The horse participation included one 15-year-old Percheron gelding named “Magic” and
all three participants were tested with Magic. None of the participants knew Magic previously.
Cuz Coste was also tested a second time with her own gelding named “Diamond.” He is an 11-
Horse and Human Bond 7
year-old Missouri Fox Trotter that Cuz owned since he was 3 years old. He was a rescue horse
that Cuz trained herself and claimed to connect with very well. It was of interest to determine
whether there was a difference between Cuz’s ability to connect with a familiar and unfamiliar
horse. If a dose response effect exists, it was hypothesized that the relationship would be more
synchronized with her own horse.
Measures
The Pet Bonding Scale (Angle, Blumentritt, & Swank, 1994) was used to determine the
level of bonding between the human and animals in general (scale 0-32). The scale was not
specific to horses.
EEG was collected from 10 sites in the brain (F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, T4, O2, and
O1) using the International 10/20 system (Jasper, 1958; Figure 1). Electrodes were placed in the
lateral canthus and the superior orbital ridge of the right eye to detect eye blinks. Linked
mastoids (electrodes behind each ear) were averaged and this activity was subtracted from the 10
sites of interest. A ground electrode was placed at CZ on the human and on the nose of the horse
(central). To place the electrodes the surface was shaved (if necessary), cleaned using Nuprep
Gel, and Ten20 Conductive EEG Paste was applied to the Beckman 3-mm Ag-AgCl electrodes
to conduct the signals from the brain. The electrodes were taped onto the surface. Impedance
was below 5k ohms for the EEG electrodes and below 10k ohms for the electro-ocular
electrodes. The sampling rate for all data was 1000 Hz. The high- and low-frequency filters
were .01 and 100 Hz and the signals were amplified by a factor of 50,000.
Horse and Human Bond 8
Approximately 10, one second randomly selected epochs were averaged together to
represent the data for each condition. A marker was manually placed in both the horse and the
human recording system simultaneously, and one second epochs were analyzed prior to each
mark. The data collection systems were time synchronized using this mark.
Protocol
The horse and the rider were kept in two separate locations and not allowed to interact
prior to testing. The rider EEG electrodes were attached first in a mobile laboratory and a
baseline measure of 10, 1s randomly marked epochs were collected and averaged together. The
rider stayed in the mobile laboratory until the horse EEGs were attached outside the laboratory
and 10, 1s randomly marked epochs were collected and average together. The horse was held by
one assistant, the recording box was held by a second assistant, and the researcher collected the
data in two laptop computers simultaneously. To reduce the interaction of the assistants and
researcher, they turned away from the horse during data collection. The assistants and the
researcher remained constant throughout all data collection. Only the rider interacted with the
horse.
Five conditions were collected in the same order for the three participants and an
additional condition was added for Cuz Coste (riding the horse). Following the Baseline
condition recorded in separate locations, the rider then stood next to the horse (Condition 2), pet
the horse (Condition 3), groomed the horse (Condition 4), and sat on the horse (Condition 5).
Cuz rode both the familiar and unfamiliar horse (Condition 6). The Percheron horse, Magic, was
Horse and Human Bond 9
used for all three riders and the first two riders were collected on the same day, so the same
baseline recording was used for both riders.
Analysis
The Pet Bonding Scale was totaled for each rider. EEG data were visually inspected for
eye blinks and artifact and these were removed from the data collection. The data was filtered at
30 Hz with a 6db roll off for each 1s epoch preceding the manual markers (approximately
10/condition). Power spectrum analysis was conducted and frequencies were categorized into
theta (5-7Hz), alpha (8-12Hz), beta (13-20Hz) and beta2 (21-30Hz). Brain maps were generated
from the power spectrum analyses.
Results
The Pet Bonding Scale scores were 25 for the female novice rider, 31 for the male rider,
and 32 for Cuz Coste. The scale ranges from 0 to 32 so these scores were mid-high values and
reflect bonding with animals.
The EEG brain maps presenting absolute values from the power spectrum analysis are
illustrated in Figure 2 for the female novice rider and Figure 3 for the male intermediate rider for
each condition. All data are presented on the same scale (y axis = 0-5 microvolts). Figure 4
illustrates three conditions for Cuz Coste with Magic (the unfamiliar horse). Only three
conditions are displayed due to a loss of data for the horse in the other three conditions. Figure 5
demonstrates six conditions for Cuz Coste with Diamond (the familiar horse).
Horse and Human Bond 10
An examination of the change in brain maps from baseline to either sitting or riding
demonstrates increased synchronization of the horse with the rider. Horse grooming and horse
sitting/riding create the most synchronized state between the horse and the rider. Cuz appeared
to show greater synchronization with the familiar horse compared to the unfamiliar horse.
Discussion
It was of interest to determine if a dose response effect occurs as the interaction between
the horse and the human increases. It was hypothesized that the brain maps would become more
synchronized with increased interaction. A comparison of baseline to stand, to pet, to groom,
and to sit on the horse shows EEG synchronization increases between the horse and the rider. In
addition, Cuz Coste’s brain maps indicate greater synchronization with her own familiar horse
than with the unfamiliar horse. This finding supports the synchronization that occurs as the
“bond” increases.
The second question of interest was to determine whether interaction with the horse is
influenced by the Pet Bonding history as indicated by the Pet Bonding Scale. It appears that past
experience is not an influencing factor. However, the lowest score (25) is in the top 25th
percentile of the scale (0-32). Thus additional research is needed to determine if a subjective
assessment of bonding with animals is an indicator of EEG synchronization, or the bond between
a horse and a human.
Horse and Human Bond 11
The synchronization that exists is similar to the data reported by Anna Wise (Tellington-
Jones, 2006). Her data included beta, alpha, theta, and delta and showed similar synchronization
in the horse with human touch and had previously shown the same response in humans to
interaction with a horse. However, previous data examined either the horse or the human
separately, but not simultaneously. In the present study increased interaction created increased,
synchronized activation. Both the horse and the human changed from their baseline condition.
So the question as to whether a horse “mirrors” the emotions of a human may be more accurately
described as “synchronizes” with the state of the human. This may partly explain why horses
become therapy animals. They may have the ability to synchronize the brain state of humans; an
ideal state for health and performance.
To summarize, it appears that a dose response effect occurs between a horse and human.
Increased interaction leads to increased EEG synchronization. Activation states of both the
human and the horse tend to increase and synchronize. “Animal bonded” people tend to benefit
from this interaction. It is grooming the horse that shows the most synchronized activity, with
riding being valuable as well. This is an important finding for special populations whose internal
state may not be operating in a synchronized manner. It is possible that the horse, as an outside
influence can influence EEG patterns and the state of the human. Insurance companies that
support AAT are to be commended for their belief in this form of therapy. It is suggested that
adding a horse to any type of therapy may augment the results. Further research is necessary to
verify and understand this relationship and to compare this therapy with other common
techniques, and to determine if this bond has the ability to heal all populations.
Horse and Human Bond 12
References
Angle, R., Blumentritt, T., & Swank, P. (1994, April). The Pet Bonding Scale: Internal
reliability and factorial validity. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the
Southwestern Psychological Association, Tulsa, OK.
Beck, A. M., & Katcher, A. H. (2003). Future directions in human-animal bond research. The
American Behavioral Scientist, 47(1), 79-93.
De Pauw, K.P., (1986). Horseback riding for individuals with disabilities: Programs,
philosophy, and research. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 3, 217-226.
Hama, H., Yogo, M., & Matsuyama, Y. (1996). Effects of stroking horses on both humans’ and
horses’ heart rate responses. Japanese Psychological Research, 38(2), 66-73.
Jasper, H.H., (1958). Report to the committee on methods of clinical examination in
electroencephalography. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 10,
370-375.
Keeling, L.J., Jonare, L., & Lannerborn, L. (2009). Investigating horse-human interactions:
The effect of a nervous human. Veterinary Journal, 181(1), 70-71.
Lynch, J.J., Fregin, G.F., Mackie, J.B., & Monroe Jr, R.R. (1974). Heart rate changes in the
horse to human contact. Psychophysiology, 11(4), 472-478.
Nimer, J. & Lundahl, B. (2007). Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoos, 20(3),
225-238.
Horse and Human Bond 13
Robinson, I.H. (1999). The human-horse relationship: How much do we know? Equine
Veterinary Journal Supplement, 28, 42-45.
Tellington-Jones, L. (2006). EEG study of equine brain waves. TTEAM Connections Newsletter
8(4). Retrieved July 21, 2009 from
http://www.ttouch.com/PDFs/EEGstudyOfEquineBrainwaves 2006.pdf.
Horse and Human Bond 14
Figure 1. Horse and human electrode placement.
Horse and Human Bond 15
Figure 2. EEG dose response effect from novice rider.
Horse and Human Bond 16
Figure 3. EEG dose response effect from intermediate rider.
Horse and Human Bond 17
Figure 4. EEG dose response effect from an elite rider with new horse.
Horse and Human Bond 18
Figure 5. EEG dose response effect from an elite rider with own horse.
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Subject: EEG file: heathersit.avg Recorded : 10:21:50 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:47:25 02-May-2008
� � � �
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (19.52%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (10.83%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (15.47%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (54.18%)
Subject: EEG file: magicheathersit.avg Recorded : 10:32:57 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:24:19 04-May-2008
�
Rider�Sit� � � � � � Horse�Sit�
�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (37.58%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (32.31%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (24.87%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (5.24%)
Subject: EEG file: chrisbase.avg Recorded : 08:42:00 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:47:33 02-May-2008
� � � �
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (5.43%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (1.99%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (8.17%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (84.41%)
Subject: EEG file: magicbasechris.avg Recorded : 09:41:41 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:01:44 04-May-2008
�
Rider�Base� � � � � � Horse�Base�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (51.48%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (24.68%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (19.18%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (4.66%)
Subject: EEG file: chrispet.avg Recorded : 09:36:17 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:51:53 02-May-2008
� � � �
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (4.67%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (1.99%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (6.46%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (86.88%)
Subject: EEG file: magicchrispet.avg Recorded : 09:47:23 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:08:11 04-May-2008
�
Rider�Pet� � � � � � Horse�Pet�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (58.15%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (22.31%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (15.49%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (4.05%)
Subject: EEG file: chrisgroom.avg Recorded : 09:37:59 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:49:50 02-May-2008
� � � �
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (7.95%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (3.78%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (8.37%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (79.90%)
Subject: EEG file: magicchrisgroom.avg Recorded : 09:49:04 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:05:29 04-May-2008
�
Rider�Groom� � � � � � Horse�Groom�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (29.86%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (21.93%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (29.52%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (18.70%)
Subject: EEG file: chrissit.eeg Recorded : 09:41:06 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:56:11 02-May-2008
� � � �
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (9.92%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (4.82%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (11.52%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 20.00-30.00 Hz (73.75%)
Subject: EEG file: magicchrissit.avg Recorded : 09:52:16 01-May-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:12:14 04-May-2008
�
Rider�Sit� � � � � � Horse�Sit�
�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (16.89%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (16.98%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (42.46%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (23.67%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzbase.avg Recorded : 08:12:45 11-Sep-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 12:03:20 14-Sep-2008
�� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (70.21%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (16.60%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (5.60%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (7.59%)
Subject: EEG file: magic.avg Recorded : 09:59:04 11-Sep-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:02:27 21-Sep-2008
�
Rider�Base� � � � � � Horse�Base�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (27.03%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (20.35%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (33.75%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (18.86%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzstand2.avg Recorded : 09:19:46 11-Sep-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 12:15:06 14-Sep-2008
� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (59.14%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (14.08%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (16.26%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (10.51%)
Subject: EEG file: magicstandhr.avg Recorded : 09:31:45 11-Sep-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 11:09:12 21-Sep-2008
�
Rider�Stand� � � � � � Horse�Stand�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (53.07%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (14.20%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (21.65%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (11.08%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzride.avg Recorded : 09:43:20 11-Sep-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 12:26:53 14-Sep-2008
� � �
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (70.21%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (16.60%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (5.60%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (7.59%)
Subject: EEG file: magict4.avg Recorded : 09:59:04 11-Sep-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 10:29:41 21-Sep-2008
�
Rider�Ride� � � � � � Horse�Ride�
�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (13.32%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (21.62%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (44.39%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (20.66%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzbasec.avg Recorded : 14:34:33 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:03:47 20-Jan-2009
�� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (51.19%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (27.00%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (17.93%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (3.89%)
Subject: EEG file: diamondbasec.avg Recorded : 14:33:25 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:22:38 20-Jan-2009
�
Rider�Base� � � � � � Horse�Base�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (20.50%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (21.45%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (37.82%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (20.23%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzstandc.avg Recorded : 14:36:25 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:14:46 20-Jan-2009
� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (38.79%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (25.33%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (20.52%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (15.36%)
Subject: EEG file: diamondstandc.avg Recorded : 14:36:34 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:57:04 20-Jan-2009
�
Rider�Stand� � � � � � Horse�Stand�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (24.07%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (19.41%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (35.61%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (20.92%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzpetc.avg Recorded : 14:37:29 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:10:18 20-Jan-2009
� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (46.24%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (27.92%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (20.69%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (5.15%)
Subject: EEG file: diamondpetc.avg Recorded : 14:37:38 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:47:23 20-Jan-2009
�
Rider�Pet� � � � � � Horse�Pet�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (19.02%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (23.29%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (38.91%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (18.78%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzsitc.avg Recorded : 14:43:29 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:11:55 20-Jan-2009
� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (45.72%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (29.35%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (19.27%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (5.66%)
Subject: EEG file: diamondsitc.avg Recorded : 14:43:38 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:54:24 20-Jan-2009
�
Rider�Sit� � � � � � Horse�Sit�
�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (20.17%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (19.92%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (37.42%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (22.49%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzgroom2c.avg Recorded : 14:40:51 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:08:35 20-Jan-2009
� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (47.08%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (25.79%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (20.28%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (6.85%)
Subject: EEG file: diamondgroom2c.avg Recorded : 14:41:00 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:28:40 20-Jan-2009
�
Rider�Groom�� � � � � � Horse�Groom�
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (20.33%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (18.44%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (35.20%)
+5.0
+4.7
+4.4
+4.1
+3.8
+3.4
+3.1
+2.8
+2.5
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+1.3
+0.9
+0.6
+0.3
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (26.03%)
Subject: EEG file: cuzwalkc.eeg Recorded : 14:47:08 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 06:16:26 20-Jan-2009
� � �
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Theta: 4.00-8.00 Hz (48.95%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Alpha: 8.00-12.00 Hz (25.83%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta1: 12.00-20.00 Hz (17.99%)
+10.0
+9.4
+8.8
+8.1
+7.5
+6.9
+6.3
+5.6
+5.0
+4.4
+3.8
+3.1
+2.5
+1.9
+1.3
+0.6
0
Beta2: 21.00-30.00 Hz (7.24%)
Subject: EEG file: diamondwalkc.avg Recorded : 14:47:17 20-Nov-2008Rate - 1000 Hz, HPF - 0.1 Hz, LPF - 100 Hz, Notch - 60 Hz
NeuroscanSCAN 4.3Printed : 05:58:55 20-Jan-2009
�
Rider�Ride� � � � � � Horse�Ride�
�