the body: basics
DESCRIPTION
This material covers some of the basic concepts of health and disease and general information on the systems of the bodyTRANSCRIPT
The Body
The Basics
Why Study the Body?
Understanding the normal body is basis
for analyzing disease
• Structure
• Functions
Why Study the Body?
• If you understand “normal” you can
figure out what is going wrong
Terms to Know
Anatomy
Study of the structure
-tomy
Latin term meaning cutting
Physiology
How the body works
Latin term meaning nature
Interrelated
Can’t have one without the other
Terms to Know
• Anything that upsets the normal
structure of the working body
• Disease
• Science that studies disease
•Pathology
Levels of Organization
Chemicals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Body Systems
Organism (Body as a Whole)
Levels of
Organization
Protection, Support, and Movement
• Integumentary
• Skin and associated structures
• Hair
• Nails
• Sweat and oil glands
• Skeletal
• Basic framework of the body
• 206 bones
Protection, Support, and Movement
• Muscular
• Attached to the bones
• Produce movement
• Three types:
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth
Coordination and Control
•The Nervous System
• Brain and spinal cord
• Nerves
• Special senses
• Mental health
Coordination and Control
•The Endocrine System
• Scattered throughout the body
• Share a similar function• What is it?
• ______________________________
• What are some examples?
Circulation
• Cardiovascular System
• Heart and blood vessels
• Pump blood
• Carry waste materials away from tissues to
elimination points
• Lymphatic System
• Brings fluids from tissues back to the blood
• Play role in immunity
• Lymphocytes
• Aid in the absorption of digested fat
• Lymph
Nutrition and Fluid Balance
• Respiratory System
• Lungs and passages leading to and from the lungs
• Gas exchange• Oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Digestive System
• Takes in nutrients
• Converts nutrients to a usable form
• Absorbs this usable form into the circulation
• Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas
Nutrition and Fluid Balance
• Urinary System
• Rids the body of waste products and excess water
• Structures include
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra
Reproduction of Offspring
• External sex organs and internal structures
concerned with reproduction