The Birth of Turkey

Goals:To understand the decline of the Ottoman EmpireTo understand the rise of Turkish nationalism

Turkish NationalismTurkish nationalists sought to

overthrow the Ottoman Empire to establish their own homeland

Ottoman Empire sided with BerlinMustafa Kemal was viewed as a

war hero by the TurksKemal became the face of Turkish

nationalism after the fall of the Empire

From the Ashes of the Empire

The Ottoman Empire lost their Arab provinces

The Ottoman’s were now limited to Anatolia

1920 – Treaty of Sevres stated the following:◦Greece would get some former Ottoman lands◦ Italy was given southwest Anatolia◦France controlled trade with Syrian Mandate◦Eastern Anatolia divided amongst the

Armenians and Kurds◦A Turkish-controlled region will remain in central

Anatolia

Picking Up the PiecesTurkish nationalists refused to

accept the division of their homeland

Mustafa Kemal led nationalists to establish a Turkish state

Kemal reclaimed the entire Aegean coast and regained control of Anatolia

On Nov 1, 1922, the Ottoman sultanate was abolished

Republic RisingThe Treaty of Sevres had failedThe Treaty of Lausanne ensured Turkish

sovereignty in AnatoliaGreece and Turkey organized a “population

exchange” (Turkey kicked out the Greek population and Greece kicked out the Turks)

Oct 29, 1923 – The Republic of Turkey was established and Mustafa Kemal was the first president

The capital was moved from Istanbul to Ankara