the birth of stars · -magnetic fields . how do you design a computer simulation? how do you design...
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![Page 1: The Birth of Stars · -Magnetic fields . How do you design a computer simulation? How do you design a computer simulation? old positions Calculation of forces new positions . Let’s](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042212/5eb5a8099ab77e49f55ee0e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Birth of Stars
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Birth of stars
Death of stars
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What do we call the birthplace of stars?
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Stellar Nursery: The Carina Nebula with the Hubble Telescope
What are we looking at?
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Stellar Nursery: The Orion Nebula with the Hubble Space Telescope
What are we looking at?
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Where is the Orion Nebula?
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Where is the Orion Nebula?
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A slightly older nursery (middle school?): The Pleiades cluster
Age ~ 100 Myr. (Age of Orion Nebula ~1 Myr)
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The Pleiades cluster is called “Subaru” in Japanese and has importance in cultures all around the world
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades_in_folklore_and_literature
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Credit:Lynette Cook
Artist’s depiction of the Milky Way Galaxy
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Simulations of stellar nurseries show how these complex structures form
Orion Nebula seen with the Hubble Space Telescope
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What is the difference between an “animation” and a “simulation”?
animation simulation
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What forces would a star-formation simulation need to include?
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What forces would a star-formation simulation need to include?
-Gravity -Pressure -Magnetic fields
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How do you design a computer simulation?
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How do you design a computer simulation?
old positions Calculation of forces new positions
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Let’s “zoom in” and think about a single star forming out of a single small cloud
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What force keeps a cloud from collapsing?
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Gas pressure pushes out, like in a balloon
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What force might cause material in clouds to collapse?
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Gravity pulls material inwards
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Clouds collapse to form stars when the force of gravity is larger than the pressure force.
What type of cloud is more likely to collapse?
A. A hot and small cloud
B. A large and cold cloud
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If a cloud is massive enough and cold enough, it will begin to collapse.
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The cloud is spinning. What happens as it collapses?
(Think of the water in a drain, or a figure skater)
gravity pulls inwards
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“Conservation of angular momentum” (My definition: If spinning things get smaller, they
must spin faster)
Let’s watch a video: angular_momentum.mp4 (00:24:00)
What does “conservation” mean? What does “momentum” mean?
What does “angular momentum” mean?
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As a cloud collapses, it spins faster and faster
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What happens to the cloud as it spins faster and faster?
Physics major Louisa Barama shows off her angular momentum!
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What happens to the cloud as it spins faster and faster?
Notice what’s happening to her skirt!
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The cloud spins faster and faster, until it can’t support itself, and flattens out partly into a disk
Think of the cloud as a figure skater, and the disk as a skirt.
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Lucky for us, this is the perfect way to form a solar system.
blob = future sun disk = future solar system
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The disks that form around young stars are called “protoplanetary disks”
blob = future sun disk = future solar system
The formation of planets occurs at the same time as the formation of stars
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Can we observe these disks?
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Orion Nebula
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Orion Nebula: Close-ups reveal spinning disks around baby stars
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“Protoplanetary disks” What are we seeing in these images?
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Artist’s Rendition of a protoplanetary disk
Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech
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Artist’s rendition of protoplanetary disk
Diagram of orbits in the solar system