the big five tunnel project long-term lessons jim gusek golder associates, lakewood...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Big Five Tunnel Project Long-Term Lessons Jim Gusek Golder Associates, Lakewood jgusek@Golder.com Tom Wildeman Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e865503460f94b89951/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Big Five Tunnel ProjectLong-Term Lessons
Jim Gusek
Golder Associates, Lakewood
Tom Wildeman
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
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Outline
• Project Startup – Roger Olsen– Ed Bates
• Fumbling Around– Different configurations– Getting to the core of treatment
• Principles Uncovered
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Big Five Tunnel, Idaho Springs
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In the Front Range Mineral Belt
&Part of the Central
City – Idaho Springs Super Fund
Site
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Big Five ARD
Constituent mg/L Constituent mg/L
pH 2.6 Zn 10
Al 18 Cu 1.6
Fe 50 Cd 0.03
Mn 32 Pb 0.01
SO4= 2100 As 0.02
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What Roger Did
• CDM in charge of Super Fund site assessment for EPA Region VIII
• Wanted to assess “Constructed Wetlands” as a treatment option
• In 1987, chose Colorado School of Mines (CSM) to start a wetlands assessment project.
• Roger is an alumnus of CSM and Chemistry & Geochemistry
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Why CSM?
• Reputation for Applied Research
• Collegial & Interdisciplinary– John Emerick – Plant Ecologist– Ron Cohen – Environmental Engineer– Ron Klusman – Geochemist– Dave Updegraff – Applied Microbiology– Tom Wildeman – Herder of Cats
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Roger Also Selected Geotechnical Engineering Support
• Gormley Consultants– John Gormley– Jim Gusek
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First Lesson
• Need broad expertise in sciences & geotechnical engineering to understand & design passive treatment systems.
• Have to think broadly, not deeply
• Have to apply engineering “loosely,” not rigidly.
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What Ed Bates Did
• In 1988, awarded funding through the Emerging Technologies Program of the EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. Ed was program manager.
• Immediately banned us from our site for two months.We had no OSHA training and we had to
write a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
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What Ed Really Did
• Introduced us to the “real world”– Mandatory Project meetings where the
students gave progress reports.– Progress & final reports– “Applied Conferences” where the
industry became familiar with the technology.• Talks • “Gray literature”
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Outline
• Project Startup – Roger Olsen– Ed Bates
• Fumbling Around– Different configurations– Getting to the core of treatment
• Principles Uncovered
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Original Configuration
• Three cells 10 x 20 ft– Pennsylvania constructed wetlands
criterion of 200 square ft /gal/min.
• Cell One: Mushroom compost– Success with this in Pennsylvania
• Cell Two: Peat/cow manure/saw dust
• Cell Three: Same as two but with a layer of limestone on the bottom.
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Assumed Plants Were Important
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Things Happened Immediately
Sulfate reduction is a major
removal process
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Fundamental Concept Picture
Gusek & Bates: Tom, you know nothing about dam construction
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Problem
• Designed for water to flow across the top.
• Desire to have the water flow through the substrate
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Second Lesson
• Production of sulfide is the limiting reagent for removal
• Need a volume based removal criterion, not a surface based criterion.
• A reasonable rule of thumb is that 0.3 moles of sulfide will be produced per cubic meter of substrate per day
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First Try to Get the Water through the Substrate
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John Gormley: Why not add the water at the top and take it
out at the bottom? DUH!!
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2nd Try to Have Water flow through Substrate
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Important Picture
Plants are not important
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Outline
• Project Startup – Roger Olsen– Ed Bates
• Fumbling Around– Different configurations– Getting to the core of treatment
• Principles Uncovered
![Page 29: The Big Five Tunnel Project Long-Term Lessons Jim Gusek Golder Associates, Lakewood jgusek@Golder.com Tom Wildeman Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e865503460f94b89951/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bacteria are
Important
Tom, you can divide micobiologists into
lumpers and splitters and I am a lumper.
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Third Lesson
• Use bacteria found in typical aquatic environments because :
• 1) Require the products of bacterial activity more than enzymatic use of the metals.
• 2) A consortium of bacteria rather than a single species are generating the products.
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Fourth Lesson
• Not designing “a thing”
• Designing a process– Lab studies– Bench-Scale Studies– Pilot-Scale Projects– Full-Scale systems
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John Gormley: “Proof of Principle” Studies
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Aerobic Lab Studies
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Crowning Achievement: 1200 gpm for removal of Pb
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Summary
• Geochemical principles have been established and have changed little since the early 90’s.
• Microbial ecosystem concept has worked well (especially for novices such as I). The ecosystem is very hardy but can be killed.
• The engineering can be tricky and development benefited considerably through failures.
• The on-site development has to go through bench- and/or pilot-scale studies. One of the primary reasons for this is because on most sites people do not know the chemistry of the MIW and how it changes with the seasons.
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Questions or Comments
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