the bible and modern scholarship, kenyon. 1948

7/31/2019 The Bible and Modern Scholarship, Kenyon. 1948

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[j| C|ib|jka M. Ainzfn% Rdi Ljlei Hnb Ofbi|n [kdfeh|{djp. Efnbfn7 Gfdn Oy||hz% 8:24. Dla. pp.9;.

Rdi Ljlei Hnb Ofbi|n [kdfeh|{djp

[j| C|ibi|jk M. Ainzfn%M.L.I.% A.K.L.% C.L.H.

Cf|oi|ez Bj|ikrf| hnb P|jnkjphe Ejl|h|jhn

fc rdi L|jrj{d Oy{iyo

Qp.sjj_

Jnr|fbykrjfn

Rdi cfynbhrjfn fc rdi cfeef}jnm i{{hz }h{ h eikry|i biejsi|ib lz oi licf|i rdi Ynjsi|{jrz

fc Efnbfn jn Nfsioli|% 8:2=% h{ rdi cj|{r jn h {i|ji{ fc hnnyhe eikry|i{ fn Ljlejkhe

h|kdhifefmz hnb k|jrjkj{o cfynbib lz O|{. Irdie O. ]ffb% f}ni| fc h kfeeikrjfn fc Ljlei{bi{rjnib cf| rdi Ynjsi|{jrz. Jr {iioib {yjrhlei rf kdff{i h{ rdi {ylgikr fc {ykd hn jnhymy|he

eikry|i rdi p|i{inr pf{jrjfn fc h|kdhifefmjkhe hnb ejri|h|z k|jrjkj{o jn |iehrjfn rf rdi

hyrdinrjkjrz hnb hyrdf|jrz fc rdi lffa{ fc }djkd rdi Ljlei j{ kfopf{ib% hee rdi of|i

likhy{i rdi bj{kfsi|ji{ fc rdi eh{r cjcrz zih|{% hnb i{pikjheez fc rdi eh{r cjcriin% {iio rf oi

rf dhsi heri|ib rdhr pf{jrjfn si|z ohri|jheez. J liejisi rdhr rdi rjoi dh{ kfoi rf |i/h{{i{{ rdi

sheyi fc rdhr k|jrjkj{o% rf {dhai fcc rdi itki{{jsi {kiprjkj{o kdh|hkri|j{rjk fc oykd Ljlejkhe

{kdfeh|{djp jn rdi ehrri| ph|r fc rdi njniriinrd kinry|z% hnb rf |i{rf|i kfncjbinki jn rdi Ljlei

h{ h myjbi rf r|yrd hnb h lh{j{ cf| rdi kfnbykr fc ejci.

Rdi ohjn {yl{rhnki fc rdi eikry|i }h{ hkkf|bjnmez h {yooh|z fc rdi of|i jopf|rhnr

bisiefpoinr{ jn h|kdhifefmjkhe bj{kfsi|z hnb ejri|h|z k|jrjkj{o by|jnm $hpp|ftjohriez* rdip|i{inr kinry|z1 lyr J cfynb jr niki{{h|z rf rhai ph|rjkyeh| nfrjki fc h lffa }djkd hppih|ib

rf |ihkd% h{ rdi |i{yer fc inejmdrinib ofbi|n {kdfeh|{djp% kfnkey{jfn{ ithkrez rdi fppf{jri

fc rdf{i }djkd J }h{ ohjnrhjnjnm. Rdj{ }h{ rdi }f|a fc rdi Lj{dfp fc Lj|ojnmdho inrjreib

Rdi \j{i fc Kd|j{rjhnjrz% rdi rinf| fc }djkd }h{ rf bj{k|ibjr rdi hyrdinrjkjrz fc rdi lffa{

fc rdi Ni} Ri{rhoinr% rf |ici| rdio jn rdi ohjn rf bhri{ }iee fn jn rdi {ikfnb kinry|z% hnb

kfn{ixyinrez rf }ihain si|z {i|jfy{ez rdi |ihbi|{ kfncjbinki jn rdij| hkky|hkz h{ h |ikf|b

fc rdi ejci hnb rihkdjnm

Qp.sjjj_

fc fy| Ef|b hnb Dj{ Hpf{rei{. [ykd h kdheeinmi kfyeb nfr li jmnf|ib lz hnzfni dfebjnm rdisji}{ }djkd J dhb inbihsfy|ib rf {rhri. J dhsi nf ejajnm cf| kfnr|fsi|{z% hnb eih{r fc hee% cf|

k|jrjkj{o fc fni }df dfeb{ {f dfnfy|hlei h pf{jrjfn jn rdi Kdy|kd h{ B|. Lh|ni{1 lyr {jnki h

birhjeib ithojnhrjfn fc rdi Lj{dfp{ lffa dhb kfnsjnkib oi rdhr jr }h{ nf yp/rf/bhri

|ip|i{inrhrjfn fc rdi |i{yer{ fc ofbi|n {kdfeh|{djp% lyr% fn rdi kfnr|h|z% }h{ h |isjshe fc h

{kdffe fc k|jrjkj{o }djkd dhb {foi sfmyi hlfyr {isinrz zih|{ hmf% hnb jmnf|ib heof{r

}dfeez rdi |i{yer{ fc rdi eh{r cjcrz zih|{% J cier rdhr {foi biofn{r|hrjfn fc rdj{ }h{ kheeib

cf|% ei{r rdi Lj{dfp{ pf{jrjfn jn rdi Kdy|kd {dfyeb li rdfymdr rf mjsi dj{ fpjnjfn{ h }ijmdr

}djkd% c|fo rdi pfjnr fc sji} fc {kdfeh|{djp% rdiz bjb nfr {iio rf bi{i|si.

Rdi eikry|i rdi|icf|i kfop|j{ib lfrd h kfn{r|ykrjsi {rhrioinr fc }dhr J liejisi rf li rdi

fyrkfoi fc ofbi|n |i{ih|kd hnb h k|jrjkj{o fc rdi Lj{dfp{ lffa. J dhb nfr hr cj|{r rdfymdrfc cy|rdi| pylejkhrjfn fc jr7 lyr J }h{ {r|fnmez y|mib% c|fo xyh|ri|{ }djkd J }h{ lfynb rf

|i{pikr% rf ohai jr hshjehlei% jn hn itphnbib cf|o% rf h }jbi| pylejk. Jr }h{ |ip|i{inrib rf


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oi rdhr {foi {f|r fc hn{}i| }h{ bi{j|hlei% fn hkkfynr fc rdi oj{kdjic }djkd {ykd

bi{r|ykrjsi k|jrjkj{o lz h Lj{dfp ojmdr bf1 hnb rdhr jn sji} fc B|. Lh|ni{{ itp|i{{ib

bip|ikjhrjfn fc rdi sheyi fc k|jrjkj{o{ lz }|jri|{ fc dj{ f}n kefrd% {ykd hn hn{}i| }fyeb

kfoi lirri| c|fo h ehzohn. B|. Lh|ni{ dh{ h pff| fpjnjfn fc ijrdi| rdi jnrieeikr f| rdi

dfni{rz fc rdf{i }df% jn dj{ f}n }f|b{% ciie lfynb rf |ihkd kfnkey{jfn{ p|i{k|jlib lz rdiKd|j{rjhn kfooynjrz rf }djkd rdiz liefnm. Di bfi{ nfr hppih| rf |ihej{i rdhr {foi fc

rdio ohz dhsi cf|oib rdij| fpjnjfn{ licf|i rdiz rffa Dfez F|bi|{% }djei frdi|{% dhsjnm

rhain F|bi|{% ohz zir dhsi |irhjnib rdij| jnrieeikryhe dfni{rz. Di bfi{ nfr {iio rf dhsi

liin ynbyez dhopi|ib lz rdi{i cirri|{ djo{iec1 hnb jn hnz kh{i jr j{ {foi}dhr khsheji|

Qp.jt_

r|ihroinr rf hppez rf {ykd {kdfeh|{ h{ Ejmdrcffr% ]i{rkfrr% [heofn% [hnbhz% Mf|i hnb ohnz

frdi|{. [rjee h ehzohn% rdfymd nfr kehjojnm rf |hna }jrd rdi{i m|ihr nhoi{% ohz dhsi dj{

y{i{1 hnb J dhsi hkkf|bjnmez kfn{inrib rf itphnb oz eikry|i% h{ f|jmjnheez }|jrrin% rf jr{

p|i{inr cf|o. Rdi m|ihri| ph|r fc jr }jee li h {rhrioinr fc rdi of|i |ikinr bisiefpoinr{ fc|i{ih|kd hnb k|jrjkj{o1 h {oheei| ph|r }jee li bisfrib rf rdi sjnbjkhrjfn fc rdi kfnkey{jfn{

rdy{ h||jsib hr hmhjn{r rdi bi{r|ykrjsi k|jrjkj{o fc B|. Lh|ni{{ lffa.

Jn rdi hkkfynr mjsin fc |ikinr h|kdhifefmz hnb k|jrjkj{o% J {dhee niki{{h|jez li kfsi|jnm

m|fynb }jrd }djkd J dhsi biher jn p|isjfy{ }|jrjnm{81lyr J dhsi nf |jmdr rf h{{yoi rdhr

rdf{i }|jrjnm{ }jee li anf}n rf rdf{i }df ohz |ihb rdj{ lffaeir% hnb jn hnz kh{i jr }jee li

kfnsinjinr rf dhsi rdi }dfei kh{i ehjb kfnnikribez licf|i rdi |ihbi|. J khn fnez dfpi rdhr jr

ohz li fc {foi h{{j{rhnki rf rdf{i }df effa rf Kd|j{rjhnjrz h{ rdi fni dfpi fc fy|

bj{r|hkrib }f|eb% hnb rf rdi Ljlei h{ hn h{{y|ib cfynbhrjfn cf| rdi Kd|j{rjhn liejic.

8Rdi Ljlei hnb H|kdhfefmz $8:20*7 Rdi \ihbjnm fc rdi Ljlei $8:22*. Rdi cf|oi| dh{ liin fyr fc p|jnr cf|

{isi|he zih|{1 rdi ehrri| bihe{ }jrd rdi {ylgikr l|jicez hnb {pf|hbjkheez.


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Qp.8_

8

Ljlejkhe K|jrjkj{o jn rdi Njniriinrd Kinry|z

Rdi ohjn rdi{j{ fc rdj{ i{{hz j{ rdhr jn rdi {rybz fc rdi Ljlei }i dhsi ph{{ib c|fo h p|jojrjsi

{rhmi fc ynxyi{rjfnjnm hnb {foirjoi{ ynjnrieejminr hkkiprhnki% rd|fymd h pi|jfb fc k|jrjkj{o

hnb bfylr% {foirjoi{ {fynb lyr fcrin dzpi|k|jrjkhe% rf h pf{jrjfn }di|i }i h|i inrjreib rf

kehjo rdhr rdi li{r hnb of{r ynr|hooieeib {kdfeh|{djp khn li {df}n rf dhsi sjnbjkhrib jr{

hyrdinrjkjrz hnb jr{ r|y{r}f|rdjni{{. H |isji} fc rdi bisiefpoinr fc rdfymdr hnb bj{kfsi|z

by|jnm rdi njniriinrd hnb r}inrjird kinry|ji{ }jee% J liejisi% gy{rjcz rdj{ kfnrinrjfn. Jr j{ nfr%

c|fo rdi pfjnr fc sji} di|i rhain% h xyi{rjfn fc rdifefmz f| fc |iejmjfy{ iofrjfn% lyr fc

{kdfeh|{djp%{kdfeh|{djp }djkd dh{ rff fcrin liin jnsfaib h{ h bi{r|ykrjsi hminkz% lyr

}djkd j{ jnbiib% jc cfeef}ib {hniez hnb joph|rjheez% hn hminkz fc kfn{r|ykrjfn% eihbjnm rf

i{rhlej{dib kfncjbinki.

Rdi Sjkrf|jhn Hmi }h{ h pi|jfb jn }djkd r}f bjcci|inr hnb jnkfophrjlei hrrjrybi{ rf rdi Ljlei

}i|i jn itj{rinki {jbi lz {jbi. Cf| rdi mini|he pylejk jr }h{ hn hmi fc Ljlei/|ihbjnm hnb

Kdy|kdmfjnm% }din rdi Ljlei }h{ nf|oheez hkkiprib h{ jr {rffb% ynxyi{rjfnhlei h{ dj{rf|z nf

ei{{ rdhn h{ h myjbi rf ejci% isi|z }f|b fc }djkd kfyeb li hppejib rf hnz hnb isi|z {jryhrjfn%

}jrdfyr |ici|inki rf jr{ f|jmjnhe bhri f| kfnritr. Rdi cjsi lffa{ fc rdi Pinrhriykd }i|i

kfoofnez |imh|bib h{ rdi }f|a fc Of{i{ $rdfymd dj{ hyrdf|{djp j{ nf}di|i kehjoib jn

rdio*% hnb hrriopr{ }i|i {iebfo ohbi rf hnhez{i rdi kfopf{jrjfn fc rdi frdi| dj{rf|jkhe

lffa{. Nf| }h{ hnz bj{k|jojnhrjfn ohbi lir}iin rdi {isi|he pi|jfb{ fc rdi {rf|z. Rdi Ljlei

}h{ h

Qp.


4/30


hee p|fleio{ }h{ jn rdij| dhnb{% rdi Ljlei jnisjrhlez ef{r oykd fc jr{ dfeb% i{pikjheez fn rdi

zfynm hnb jnrieeikryheez inri|p|j{jnm.

Jn rdi kh{i fc rdi Feb Ri{rhoinr% rdi k|jrjkhe hrrhka

Qp.;_

rffa rdi cf|o fc hn hnhez{j{ fc rdi {r|ykry|i hnb kfo pf{jrjfn fc rdi {isi|he lffa{. Rdi

bj{ki|noinr rdhr rdi Pinrhriykd j{ h kfopf{jri {r|ykry|i% kfnrhjnjnm $of{r nfrhlez jn

Mini{j{* bypejkhri nh||hrjsi{ }djkd dhsi liin kfopfynbib lz h ehri| ibjrf|% mfi{ lhka rf

rdi C|inkd {kdfeh| [jofn jn 83=41 hnb rdi jbih }h{ bisiefpib lz h ci} }|jri|{ jn rdi

cfeef}jnm kinry|z1 lyr jr ohbi nf m|ihr jophkr fn {kdfeh|{ jn mini|he% hnb {rjee ei{{ fn rdi

Ljlei/|ihbjnm pylejk% ynrje bisiefpib lz I}heb hnb M|hc jn rdi {jtrji{ fc rdi njniriinrd

kinry|z% hnb i{pikjheez jn G. ]ieedhy{in{ }f|a fn Rdi Kfopf{jrjfn fc rdi Dithriykdpylej{dib jn 84=3. Jn rdj{ kfynr|z rdi{i sji}{ }i|i jnr|fbykib ohjnez lz ]. \fli|r{fn

[ojrd $Rdi Feb Ri{rhoinr jn rdi Gi}j{d Kdy|kd% 8448% hnb h|rjkei{ jn rdi InkzkefphibjhL|jrhnnjkh% :rd ibn.* hnb [. \. B|jsi| $Jnr|fbykrjfn rf rdi Ejri|hry|i fc rdi Feb Ri{rhoinr%84:8*. Rdi{i {kdfeh|{ hnb rdij| cfeef}i|{ p|i{inrib rf rdi }f|eb rdi sji} rdhr rdi

Pinrhriykd% jn{rihb fc lijnm h {jnmei }f|a% kfnsinrjfnheez hrr|jlyrib rf Of{i{ hnb rdi|icf|i

|imh|bib h{ kfopf{ib hlfyr 8200/8


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df{rjejrz lir}iin Piri| hnb Phye hnb rdij| |i{pikrjsi cfeef}i|{1 hnb hnz ih|ez }|jrjnm

jnkfn{j{rinr }jrd rdj{ dzpfrdi{j{ oy{r li |imh|bib h{ {py|jfy{. Fc rdi ipj{rei{ hrr|jlyrib rf

[r. Phye% \fohn{% 8 hnb < Kf|jnrdjhn{% hnb Mhehrjhn{ }i|i heef}ib rf {rhnb% likhy{i rdiz

{df}ib {foi {jmn{ fc c|jkrjfn lir}iin Phye hnb rdi frdi| Hpf{rei{1 lyr hee rdi frdi| njni

}i|i |yeib fyr. Hkr{ he{f oy{r mf% {jnki jr |ip|i{inr{ Phye h{ fn c|jinbez ri|o{ }jrd Piri|hnb Ghoi{% hnb |ikijsjnm {yppf|r c|fo rdio. Rdi cj|{r Ipj{rei fc Piri| j{ rff Phyejni jn

bfkr|jni rf li minyjni. ]jrd rdi{i mf rdi ih|eji{r nfn/khnfnjkhe }|jrjnm{% rdi ipj{rei{ fc

Qp.9_

Keioinr% Jmnhrjy{ hnb Pfezkh|p. Cy|rdi|% hee rdi Mf{pie{ h|i itkeybib c|fo rdi Hpf{rfejk

Hmi. Rdi [znfprjk{ h|i h{{jmnib rf rdi cj|{r dhec fc rdi {ikfnb kinry|z% hnb rdi Cfy|rd

Mf{pie rf rdi {ikfnb dhec. Fc hee rdi Ni} Ri{rhoinr% fnez rdi cfy| Phyejni ipj{rei{ hnb rdi

Hpfkhezp{i h|i heef}ib rf |iohjn jn rdi cj|{r kinry|z.

Fc rdi }dfei Rljnmin rdif|z fc rdi Piri|/Phye kfnr|fsi|{z nfr fni {d|ib j{ nf} hkkipriblz |i{pfn{jlei {kdfeh|{1 lyr jr {rh|rib h pdh{i fc k|jrjkj{o }djkd cf| r}f mini|hrjfn{

bfojnhrib rdfymdr hnb p|hkrjki% nfrhlez jn Mi|ohnz hnb Dfeehnb% lyr }jrd |ipi|ky{{jfn{ jn

rdj{ kfynr|z% }di|i Mi|ohnz }h{ mini|heez |imh|bib h{ rdi eihbi| jn jnrieeikryhe hkrjsjrz% jn

Ljlejkhe h{ }iee h{ jn keh{{jkhe {kdfeh|{djp. Nhry|heez {foi {kdfeh|{ r|jib rf fyr/Lhy| Lhy|.

Rdi Byrkd {kdffe f shn Ohnin itpieeib isin rdi cfy| Ipj{rei{ }djkd Lhy| dhb eicr }jrd

[r. Phye7 Rdiz h|i hee% }jrdfyr itkiprjfn% p{iybipjm|hpdh.... Nf bj{rjnkrjfn khn hnz efnmi|

li heef}ib lir}iin p|jnkjphe ipj{rei{ hnb ojnf| f| biyri|f/Phyejni fni{. Rdi {iph|hrjfn

j{ py|iez h|ljr|h|z% }jrd nf cfynbhrjfn jn rdi nhry|i fc rdi rdjnm{ di|i biher }jrd. Rdi m|fyp%

}din kfoph|ib }jrd rdi Gfdhnnjni ipj{rei{% }jrd rdf{i fc Ghoi{% Gybi% Jmnhrjy{% Keioinr%

}jrd rdi mf{pie fc Ohrrdi} f| rdi oh|rz|bfo fc Pfezkh|p% lih|{ flsjfy{ oh|a{ fc h ki|rhjn

ynjrz% fc dhsjnm f|jmjnhrib jn fni kj|kei% hr fni rjoi% jn fni insj|fnoinr% lyr nfr fc ynjrz fchyrdf|{djp% isin jc h ri|o fc zih|{%}i|i jr isin rin f| r}inrz/li heef}ib. Hee h|i rdi

ehri| bisiefpoinr fc h {kdffe% f|% jc rdi itp|i{{jfn j{ p|ici||ib% fc h kj|kei fc p|fm|i{{jsi

liejisi|{ }df nhoib rdio{iesi{ hcri| Phye hnb pehkib rdio{iesi{ h{ jr }i|i ynbi| dj{

himj{ $shn Ohnin%Inkzkefphibjh Ljlejkh% jjj. ;3;2*. [jojeh|ez% jn rdi {hoi pylejkhrjfn

$jj. 84:


6/30


{yl{rhnrjhe isjbinki jn chsfy| fc jr1 hnb nf {kdfeh| }fyeb li |imh|bib h{ jnrieeikryheez

hl|ih{r fc dj{ rjoi{ jc di ohjnrhjnib rdi mini|he |iejhljejrz fc rdi r|hbjrjfn. Jc% h{ }h{

{foirjoi{ kfnrinbib% nf {kdfeh| jn Inmehnb kfyeb effa cf| hbshnkioinr jn rdi Kdy|kd

ynei{{ di }i|i f|rdfbft% jr }h{ ixyheez r|yi rdhr nf {kdfeh| jn Mi|ohnz kfyeb effa cf| h

p|fci{{f|{djp ynei{{ di }h{ p|fm|i{{j{r. Jc h bj{kfynr }h{ rf li hppejib fn rdi fni {jbi% jr}h{ ixyheez hppejkhlei fn rdi frdi|.

Rdj{ }ijmdr fc hrrhka% }dirdi| c|fo rdi hnmei fc {kjinki f| c|fo rdhr fc ejri|h|z k|jrjkj{o%

bi|jsib oykd fc jr{ iccikr c|fo rdi chkr rdhr% h{ jnbjkhrib hlfsi% jr ciee ypfn hn hrrjrybi fc

ojnb }jrd |imh|b rf rdi Ljlei }djkd }h{ pikyejh|ez fpin rf k|jrjkj{o. Jn rdi ih|ez bhz{ fc

Kd|j{rjhnjrz pf{{jljejrji{ fc i||f| hnb sh|jhrjfn{ fc jnri|p|irhrjfn }i|i lz nf oihn{

Qp.=_

itkeybib. Bfylr{ h{ rf rdi kdh|hkri| hnb hyrdf|jrz fc ki|rhjn lffa{ kfyeb li c|iiez

itp|i{{ib }din rdi ejojr{ fc rdi khnfn dhb nfr liin cjtib% hnb k|jrjkj{o kfyeb li heef}ib hdih|jnm. Lyr {jnki rdi Ljlei dhb likfoi chojejh| rf rdi Inmej{d pifpei jn rdij| f}n

ehnmyhmi% hnb i{pikjheez {jnki rdi |j{i hnb {p|ihb fc Py|jrhnj{o% jr dhb hkxyj|ib {ykd h

kfopeiri p|ibfojnhnki rdhr k|jrjkj{o }h{ heof{r itkeybib. Rdi jni||hnkz fc rdi Ljlei dhb

likfoi heof{r hn h|rjkei fc chjrd1 rf xyi{rjfn jr jn fni pfjnr }h{ rf hrrhka jr{ hyrdf|jrz jn hee.

Rdi hrrhka{ fc k|jrjkj{o hkxyj|ib hbbjrjfnhe {r|inmrd c|fo rdi jnrieeikryhe jnhbixyhkz fc rdi

bicinki fc {ykd h pf{jrjfn. Jc ki|rhjn {rhrioinr{ jn rdi Ljlei nh||hrjsi }i|i jnkfophrjlei

}jrd rdi |i{yer{ fc ofbi|n |i{ih|kd hnb {kjinrjcjk bj{kfsi|z% jr }h{ cier lz {foi rdhr jr{

hyrdf|jrz h{ hn jncheejlei myjbi rf ejci% isin jn ohrri|{ xyjri jn bipinbinr fc dj{rf|z f|

{kjinki% }h{ {dhain. Rdi |i{yer }h{ rdhr% h{ rdi Sjkrf|jhn Hmi p|fm|i{{ib% h mini|hrjfn }h{

m|f}jnm yp }djkd }h{ lijnm eib rf liejisi rdhr rdi hyrdf|jrz fc rdi Ljlei }h{ j||ikfnkjehlei

}jrd {kjinrjcjk r|yrd% hnb rdi|icf|i kfyeb nf efnmi| li ohjnrhjnib. Rdi|i cfeef}ib% h{ hkfn{ixyinki% cj|{r% h bikejni jn Ljlei/|ihbjnm hnb jn kdy|kdmfjnm% hnb% h{ rdi jnisjrhlei

{ixyie% h ef{{ fc {rhnbh|b{ hnb h {dhajnm fc p|jnkjpei{% fc }djkd }i h|i nf} |ihpjnm rdi

dh|si{r.

Jn Inmehnb% cfeef}jnm |hrdi| liehribez lidjnb Mi|ohn eihbi|{djp% rdi kejoht fc rdi

{kiprjkhe ofsioinr ohz li cfynb jn rdi }f|a fc ]. \. Kh{{ie{% [ypi|nhry|he \iejmjfn%

pylej{dib jn 84=8/==% }jrd hn hcri|ohrd jn rdi Inkzkefphibjh Ljlejkh jn 84::/8:0;.

Kh{{ie{ }f|a }h{ f|jmjnheez pylej{dib hnfnzofy{ez% hnb flrhjnib h {foi}dhr itki{{jsi

sfmyi c|fo |ipf|r{ rdhr jr{ hyrdf| }h{ jn chkr h lj{dfp fc rdi Kdy|kd fc Inmehnb% Kfnnfp

Rdj|e}hee fc [r. Bhsjb{% h bj{rjnmyj{dib {kdfeh| }df }h{ {yppf{ib rf dfeb |hrdi|

hbshnkib sji}{. Cf| rdi{i |yofy|{ rdi|i }h{ nf {f|r

Qp.4_

fc cfynbhrjfn% lyr rdiz kfnr|jlyrib rf mjsi rdi lffa h sfmyi herfmirdi| fyr fc p|fpf|rjfn rf

jr{ oi|jr{% hnb jr }inr rd|fymd {isi|he ibjrjfn{ lir}iin 84=2 hnb 84=:. Jr }h{ h

rdf|fymdmfjnm hrrhka fn rdi liejic jn oj|hkei{ hnb fn rdi bhri% hyrdf|jrz hnb hyrdinrjkjrz fc

rdi lffa{ fc rdi Ni} Ri{rhoinr% hnb c|fo jr{ hppih|hnki fc {kdfeh|{djp jr ohbi h

kfn{jbi|hlei jop|i{{jfn.

Nisi|rdiei{{% rdi li{r Inmej{d {kdfeh|{ }i|i nfr kh||jib h}hz lz jr% hnb lz rdi inb fc rdikinry|z rdi |ihkrjfn dhb }iee limyn. Lj{dfp Ejmdrcffr dhb l|fymdr rf lih| ypfn Kh{{ie{

}f|a% jn h {i|ji{ fc h|rjkei{ jn 84=2/==% hcri|}h|b{ pylej{dib h{ I{{hz{ fn rdi ]f|a inrjreib


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[ypi|nhry|he \iejmjfn $844:*% rdi h|rjeei|z fc h oykd {fynbi| hnb of|i eih|nib k|jrjkj{o%

}djkd jn chkr lei} jr rf pjiki{. Frdi|{% {ykd h{ B|jsi|% [hnbhz% [heofn% ]i{rkfrr hnb Df|r%

dhb {df}n rdi kfoljnhrjfn fc kfoofn {in{i }jrd eih|njnm }djkd j{ kdh|hkri|j{rjk fc rdi

li{r Inmej{d }f|a1 hnb rdij| kfnkey{jfn{ }i|i }dfeez jn chsfy| fc rdi mini|he {fynbni{{ fc

rdi r|hbjrjfn. Isin fn rdi Kfnrjninr rdi|i }h{ h {r|fnm r|inb jn rdi {hoi bj|ikrjfn. Rdi ry|nfc rdi rjbi }h{ bicjnjriez oh|aib rdi|i lz rdi bikeh|hrjfn fc Hbfec Dh|nhka jn rdi p|ichki rf

dj{ ofnyoinrhe Kd|fnfefmji bi| herkd|j{rejkdin Ejrri|hry| lj{ Iy{iljy{ $84:=% pp% sjjj/t* rdhr

jn hee ohjn pfjnr{ hnb jn of{r birhje{ rdi ih|eji{r ejri|hry|i fc rdi Kdy|kd j{% c|fo h ejri|h|z/

dj{rf|jkhe pfjnr fc sji}% r|y{r}f|rdz hnb bipinbhlei. Jn rdi }dfei Ni} Ri{rhoinr rdi|i j{

hpph|inrez fnez fni {jnmei }|jrjnm }djkd khn li kheeib p{iybfnzofy{ jn rdi {r|jkri{r {in{i

fc rdi ri|o% nhoiez rdi [ikfnb Ipj{rei fc Piri| Rdi h{{yoprjfn{ fc rdi {kdffe fc Lhy|%

fni khn heof{r {hz% h|i nf} }dfeez hlhnbfnib1 lyr rdi|i |iohjn{ hn jnbicjnjri ehka fc kfn/

cjbinki jn rdi k|jrjkj{o fc rdi ih|ez Kd|j{rjhn ejri|hry|i% h oirdfb }djkd kejnm{ rf hee {f|r{ fc

{ohee birhje{% }djkd jr {iia{ rf y{i h{ h|myoinr{ hmhjn{r rdi keih| hnb bikj{jsi

Qp.:_

isjbinki... Rdi kd|fnfefmjkhe c|hoi}f|a jn }djkd rdi r|hbjrjfn dh{ h||hnmib rdi bfkyoinr{

j{% jn hee rdi p|jnkjphe pfjnr{% c|fo rdi Phyejni Ipj{rei{ rf J|inhiy{% kf||ikr% hnb kfopie{ rdi

dj{rf|jhn rf hlhnbfn hee dzpfrdi{i{ }jrd |iehrjfn rf rdi dj{rf|jkhe kfy|{i fc rdjnm{ rdhr h|i

jnkfn{j{rinr }jrd rdj{ c|hoi}f|a. Dh|nhka }h{ ynjsi|{heez |ikfmnj{ib h{ rdi cf|iof{r

{kdfeh| fc dj{ rjoi jn Ljlejkhe k|jrjkj{o hnb ih|ez Kd|j{rjhn dj{rf|z% hnb kfyeb ki|rhjnez nfr

li hkky{ib fc h ljh{ jn chsfy| fc f|rdfbftz1 hnb% jn {pjri fc h liehrib |ik|ybi{kinki rf

}djkd jr }jee li niki{{h|z rf |ici| ehri|% dj{ itpejkjr bikeh|hrjfn ohz li rhain h{ oh|ajnm rdi

inb fc rdi sfmyi fc rdi {kdffe fc Lhy|. Rdhr rjoi% h{ Dh|nhka {hjb% j{ fsi|. Jr }h{ hn

ipj{fbi by|jnm }djkd {kjinki eih|nr oykd% hnb hcri| }djkd jr oy{r cf|mir oykd.


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Qp.80_

the bible and modern scholarship, kenyon. 1948

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