Overview of the Green Power Market : The Basics

October 26, 2008

Dan Lieberman

PRESENTED TO

PRESENTED BY

National Renewable Energy Marketing Conference Denver, Colorado

3degreesinc.com

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Agenda

o Who is 3Degrees?

o Renewable Energy Generation

o The Grid

o Renewable Energy Certificates

o Renewable Energy Financing

o Q & A

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How?

We find high quality projects and bring to market Renewable Energy Certificates and Verified Emission Reductions from around the world.

What does 3Degrees do?

1. Enable customers to become green powered and carbon balanced

2. Channel capital to clean energy and carbon reduction projects

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3Degrees Products and Services

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We find high quality projects and bring to market Renewable EnergyCertificates and Verified Emission Reductions from around the world.

Globally SourcedCarbon Offsets

Resale and Wholesale Sales of Verified Emission Reductions

RenewableEnergy CertificatesResale and Wholesale Sales

of Renewable EnergyCertificates

Utility Green Pricing Programs

Green Power Program Designand Management

2007, 2005 DOE Renewable Energy Marketer of the Year2005 U.S. EPA/CRS Beacon Award for inspiring corporate demand for renewable energy

Regulatory AdvisoryFederal, Regional, and Local

Renewable Energy and Climate Advisory Services

Carbon FootprintingCalculation of the Bounds of

Organizations’ Carbon Profile

We remove the complexity for you...

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� Project Investment / Capital

� Monetize environmental assets with steady stream of income

� Reduced risk in finding a buyer

� Strong brand with proven origination platform

� Verification services

� Registry / transaction services

� Project finance expertise

� Full spectrum of offsetting products� Project specific� Understanding

verification protocols� Audit trail

� Guaranteed supply / Reduced risk

� Expert team to solve/address offsetting strategies

� Carbon footprinting & regulatory advisory services

� Marketing & PR support

Value Proposition for CUSTOMER: Value Proposition for Project Developers:

What does 3Degrees do?

…while working with clean energy projects to solve their challenges.

RECs/VERs

$$$$

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Our Clients

US Air Force, Pepsi, NBC, IKEA, Staples, IBM, and over 250 other businesses and institutions…

3Degrees is a proud supplier of renewable energy certificates and verified emission reductions to:

9 of the Top 25 Green Power Purchasers

30 Fortune/Global Fortune 500 companies

15 Fortune 500 Challenge companies

20 Climate Leaders

Acronyms and Terms You Prolly Should Know

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RPS = Renewable Portfolio StandardMWh (and kWh) = Megawatt HourMW (and kW) = MegawattVoluntary market vs. compliance marketREC = Renewable Energy CertificateGreen PricingCRS = Center for Resource Solutions

Our National Electricity Mix

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Look to Green-eDefinition of eligible renewable fuel types:

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Biomass

HydroVintage of facility: post January 1,1997Life span (freshness) of RECsNo use of RPS or otherwise mandated renewablesRenewables must be fully aggregated

Renewable Energy Generation: What is It?

Why are Renewables Good?

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Increase energy security (diversify portfolio)Foster energy independenceImprove energy price stability (decrease price

volatility)Create domestic clean-tech jobs Help protect the environmentFight global warming

The Grid

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Renewables must be grid-tied to be Green-e eligibleNet metering: gross output is eligible for RECsNon-baseload annual output rates Intermittent resources: don’t even worry about itRegional Grids: your environmental claims are based upon it

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North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Regions

RTO/ISO Map

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Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) Subregions Map

Capacity Factors

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Defined: ratio of the actual output of a power plant over a period of time and its output if it had operated at full nameplate capacity the entire time. Wind farms 20-40%Photovoltaic solar in Massachussets 12-15%Photovoltaic solar in Arizona 19%Thermal solar power tower 73%Themal solar parabolic trough 56%Nuclear U.S. average 92%.Base load coal plant 70-90%Combined cycle gas plant, about 60%

Source: wikipedia

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All Renewables are Local

CO2 Emissions and Related Claims

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By offsetting xxx MWh of electricity, you would help prevent therelease of more than xx million pounds of CO2, the leading greenhouse gas. This has the equivalent environmental benefit asone of the following:

xx cars removed from the road for a year

The CO2 absorbed annually by protecting xxx acres of forest

See the EPA Green Power Partnership’s Green Power Equivalency Calculator and the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator

Read the National Association of Attorneys General’s Environmental Marketing Guidelines for Electricity and the Federal Trade Commission’s Green Guides

Why Aren’t We 100% Renewable Already?

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Renewable energy facilities (except biomass) do not require purchased fuel, but they do require large up-front capital expenditures. Renewables compete on price, and in some regions of the country electricity prices are low.To have a high capacity factor, you need excellent renewable resources. Renewable resource availability varies. To generate utility-scale renewables, you need transmission capacity and someone who needs power.Subsidies, Tax Credits, PTC

Be patient (or don’t be…) – we’re getting there!

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What is a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)?Targets Scope 2

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RECs – Like Green Power, but Without the Power

Green PowerGreen

Power

RECs – What’s in a Name?

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Green TagsGreen TicketsRenewable CreditsRenewable CertificatesTradable Renewable Certificates (TRC)T-RECSRenewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

RECs – What a Short, Strange Trip it’s Been

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2000Bonneville Environmental Foundation forms ‘Green Tag Program’‘Green Tickets’ sold in California by APXEPA 1st large purchaser of RECs

2001TX begins RPS program using RECs (ERCOT tracking Program --Mandatory market)CRS issues White Paper on RECs best practices

2002NEPOOL/GIS formed (issues & tracks RECs Mandatory market)Green-e certifies first REC end-use retail products

CurrentEnvironmental Tracking Network of North America (ETNNA)

RECs – What For?

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Substantiating compliance with RPSSupplying green pricing programsProviding choice for customers with no green

power optionSimplifies green procurement for national account

holdersMeeting emissions reduction goalsGreening of events and products

RECs – Why?

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Facilitates renewable energy marketsBreaks down geographic boundariesCreates fluidity in marketsDirects dollars to lowest cost renewable resourcesCan be used as a financing mechanism for new

renewable energy facilitiesCould be used for solar aggregationMonetizes the value of attributes

What Happens When RECs are Traded?

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RECs can be bought/sold/traded any number of times so long as noenvironmental, regulatory, or supply claim is madeOnce an environmental, regulatory, or supply claim is made, the REC is retiredUnlike Brett Farve, a REC cannot come out of retirementRECs are not a donation:

REC purchasers are buying a specific megawatt hour of renewable energy

This is NOT like buying indulgences

It’s All About the Money

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I was going to put a picture of my kids here, but it’s really not about them at allBuying/selling renewable energy and RECs helps to finance new renewable energy projectsLong-term contracts for RECs and renewables help developers get financingShort-term and spot market transactions of renewable energy and RECs provides the market with liquidityIn many cases, electricity contracts (Power Purchase Agreements –PPA) plus Production Tax Credits are not enough to make a project financially viable – that’s where RECs can make the difference

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283Degrees Supports Over 200 Projects Around the World

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Questions?DAN LIEBERMAN

tele: 415.271.8553email: dlieberman@3degreesinc.com