the attic pyxis - by sally roberts [1978].pdf

THE

AlilillCCIPYXllS

BY

SALLYRUTHERFURD

ROBERTS

ARES PUBLISHERSCHICAGO 1978

Copyright © 1978ARES PUBLISHERS INC,

612 N. Michigan AvenueChicago, Illinois 60611

Printed in the United States of AmericaInternational Standard Book Number:

0·89005·210·7

/1/ Rell/ell/bral/ce OfLUCY TALCOTT

"Alii, Uln,k(jI3"'d 5L'l11p.:d War., unci Olh"r "<Ill"'!) trum (\ Hflh C".,uun W<'II ..II.')/'..,'i" 4 11'1.1514"- !'2.l,

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Preface

It is a pleasure to express my thanks to the many scholars whoha~'e kindly permit1ed me to examine and draw vases in theircollections in America and Europe. Many others have sentpholo8ra phs and measurements and answered questions aboutvases in museums and collections which I was unable 10 visit.

I .....ould like to express my gratitude 10 Professor Homer A.Thompsoll. ProfcSloor and Mrs. T. Lcslie Shear. Jr.. Alison Frantz.lhe :.taff of lh~ Agor:l Excavations. and particularly to PolyDcmoulini who Ilwdc my several periods of ,>Iudy in Athensmcmnrable. I would like al!>o to thunk Miss Barbara PhiJipp:lki ofIhe Nalional MUl>cUIl1 fot her kindness and unfailing help.

The Greek Archaeological Service and Lilly Kahil mostgenerously enabled me to study the importallt material fromBrauroll. It has beell possible to include material relativc topottery workshops here.

My dcbt of thanks is great 10 many others besides: Miss Braunand later Miss Knigge of the Ceramicus Museum. Dr. H. Catlingand Mrs. Brown of the Ashmolean Museum. Mr. D. E. L Haynesof the British Museum, Mr. Richard Nicholls of the FilzwiJliamMuseum, Cambridge, Mr. Pierre Devambez of the Louvre, Or.Anna Barbara Follman of the Staatliche Antikensammlungen.MuniCh. Dr. Guntram Beckel of the Martin von WagnerMuseum. Wiirzburg. Dr. Dietrich von Bothmer of the MetroPOlitan Museum of Art, Professor Cornelius Vermeule, theMuseum of Fine Arh. Boston, Miss Dorothy Kent Hill. WaitersArt Gallery, Baltimore. Dr. J*rFrel of the J. Paul Getty Museum,Malibu. California. Miss Louisa Dresser of the Worcester ArtMuseum. Mr. Jack V. Sewell of the Art Institute of Chicago, KurtT. luckllcr. Toledo Museum of An. Mrs. N. Leipell of the Royal

riii

Ontario Museum. Toronto. Miss Lucy Turnbull of the University ofMississippi. Dr. J. H. C. Kern of Ihe Rijksmuseum van Oudheden,Le)·dcn. Helle Salskov Roberts. National Museum, Copenhagen,Professor Maria L Bernhard. Instytul ArchCQlogii. Krakow.Professor Roger Edwards of the Uni\'ersity Museum, Philadelphia.Miss FranC'Cs F. Jom:s of the Art Museum. Princeton. Mr. RichardStiJIwell. Miss E\clyn B. Harrison. Institute of Fine Am. Dr. N.Kuni'ich of the Staatliche Must:cn. Berlin, Dr. Elizabeth Rohde ofthe Sla:l.Iliche Muscen. Berlin. Professor Hansjorg Bloesch kindlysent me photographs of many pyxides. Dr. Klaus Vierneisclgenerously made Ceramicus material known to me. DemelriusSchilardi kindly showed me material from Ihe Thespian l~oly·

andrion. Helen Bezi drew certain \'ases from the Athenian Agora.Marion McAllister inked the profile drawings. Professor COOrieBuuher gave invaluable help in matters of organization and style.Professor John White and Professor John 1-1. Young IO.crc importantto my work 011 the pyxis during Ihe years at the Johns HopkinsUniversity.

A Kress Foundation fellowship enabled me to do essentialreseareh in Athens and in museums in Germany. France andEngland in 1967. Numerous later Irips 10 Europe have helped tofill in lacunae.

My examination of the pyxis began under the direction of MissLucy Talcolt who was an unending source of encourag~mcnt.wisecounlocl, dirtx:tion and unfailing help over many years. a treasuredfriend.

Agnes B. Sherman. Rare Books and Manuscrip~. Princeton.read the manuscript. and offered many valuable suggestions andqueries. Lynda Hunsucker types the manuscript. Roger Shermanalosisted with the proofs. Dr. Margaret Mayo edited the lastchapler. Professor A. Oikonomidcs designed the layout of theplates. the architecture of the book and much besides.

Without the patience and support of my husband, Tom. no bookl'ould have been completed. And Christie. Wayne and Bay haveplayed an im'aluable part in my education.

s. R. R.Drcv.' Uni\·ersity. 1976

Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . viiConcordance of Figures and Plates _ J:iiList of P1ates. . . .. . - zi"Introduction - - 1The Origin and Early Development of the AtticConcave PyIis _ - _.9

11 The First Small OasSts and Singletons 21111 The Pcothesilea Workshop ..... _..............••. - .45

Class a/Oxford 1961.468: Tran.s;r;onal. . . . . . . 60PMrhesilea Workshop IJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..62Cum a/Munich 2120 72Chus ofWunburg 542..............•......•.•........ 7SClass ofHarvurd /925.30.30 78

IV The Class or Berlin 3308 .....................••....... 95V Later Fifth Century Pyxides or Type A .....•...•....... 109

The Kuine Class 110Various Tall Singletull.f liSDoubles. . . . . .. . " ,., .. , .. , 116Miniatures ,. . , .. , ".121Odd Pyxidf'sjrom ca, 430·420 B.C• . "., .. , .. , ,.,.,125Dish'Foot Pyxides. . ..... ",." ... "." .. , ...••..... l29T"",o Pyxides ofSquat Proponio/'u and TallTripartite Foot , " 131PyxidfS ofEztral'agant Profile. , . .. , ". 132

Various Small Hybn·ds , .. ,., ,.,." 135VI The Pp:is Trpe C .,., .. , ,143

Precursors, . , , .. . .. , ..• , .. ,., .. ,.', ..•. ,... . 144The A·C Clau,. . , 146ClassofAtlrens 1243., . . , .. , .. ,.,.".,."., .. ,., 152Odd Pyxides . , , , , ' . ' . , . . . . .. . 158Pyxides Type C "",itlr a Tripartite Foot ,., 161Tire Chalki Class , , ..•.. ,., 163Founh Century Pyxides of Type C .. ,., , .. , .. ,., 169

VII Iconography or the Pyxis .. , .. , . , .. , . , ' ..••...... 177Selected Bibliography ,., .. ,., , .• , , .193Addenda ,., , , , ...•. ,.", .. 197Profiles "., ,., .. , .. , .. ,., , ...• ,., .... ,199Index of Collections , , . , .. , .225Potters. Painters. Groups and Classes ' .. , 2JJGeneral Index, .".,., ,.,. , , " .. , , ,.241Photographic Credits.", ,., .. ,., , .. ,.,.". ,245Plates , , "", ..•. ,., " following 248

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Concordance ofFigures and Plates

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SALLY RtITH£llfUIID RO.EIlTS ..iri

List of Plates

I HE ATTIC PYJUSxi\'

l-rnHli,pi~IT Ath,'n~ II'JO1'1 1.1 Alh~n, .111>

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5.1 Bru~~l:l~ A IJ~S

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SALLY RI'THERFURD RO.ERTS

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THE ATTIC PVXI$

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INTRODUCTIONName, Uses, Materialsand Representations

Beazley stated in Potter and Paillter i" Ancient Athens:

Now that the painters of nearly all important Attic vases, andmost of the less important, have been determined, the wholematerial mUSI be rc-studied from the point of view of thepotters; and this time we must be prepared 10 hold thepainters at arm's length ... It will not be enough to note thegeneral proportions. and the features of the shape: the eyemust become accustomed to perceive minute refinenlents ofcurve and line. Then it will be possible not only to write thehistory of Attic vases from the point of view of the potters,but, in the long run, to shed fresh light on the painters withwhom they collaborated.

Much wor~ has already been done on certain shapes, including

Emilie Haspels' Attic maCk.-figured Lelcythoi (1936), H. Bloesch'sclassic work on the kylix, Formefl auischer Schalen (940), andrecently Barbara Philippaki's The AI/ic Stumflos (1967). MissPhiJipp.k',', wo k' f 'd hi . ...r IS 0 consl era e Importance In provmg agamand again the connection between a certain class and particularpattern acco . .. mpamments as well as the Importance of pro\'enance

.In the inte . .rprelatlon of subject matter. Athenian Agora Xll Black

"nd Plain Pottf'r)' by Brian Sparkes and LuC)' Talcott may .....dl bethe most important of the series. A study of the de\"clopment ofthese ""ares based on mort" th~n thirty yurs of ucavation in theAthenian Agora adds greatly to the knOVo'Ied~ of shapes ingeneral. of names. and of the correspondence: or lack ofcorrespondence bet.....een the potters of plain and figured wares.

The pyxis as a shape has received little attention. I One shouldperhaps commence with the problem of the name used for smallround boxes in antiquity. nJ,toc; means boxwood and from this

comes the Latin Buxus and English box.The generic term used by writers in the Roman period is pyxis.1

Ho.....ever it seems highly probable that the Attic word in theClassical period was kylicbnis on the basis of the evidencegathered by Miss Milne. J In brier. Athcnaios recounted that theAthenians called the physician's pyxis a kylichnis.· The frequentappearance of this word in inventories of the temple of Asklepiosal Athens confirms the evidence given by Athenaios. s Sometimes akylichnis is dedicated togelher with a 1001 kno.....n to be used by a

physician such as a probe.'

The "'ord kylichnis also appears in inventory !iSlS otllcr thanthose of Asklepios as a container for rings and gems. A painted boxdedicaled by Kleito contained je.....c1ry and among the contents agold ring with a seal stone kept in a kylichnis dedicatcd byDexilla.' With this reference .....e enter the woman's .... orld and.....oman·s uses for small boxes. As a parallel Miss Milne cited analabaster pyxis found in a fourth-century .....oman·s gra\"e inKamiros which contained two gold spools and a gem.-

The kylichnides in the inventory lists are made of various

materials: bronze. ivory. stone. marble. sih'er and wood.' Extantpyxides may be found in these materials. An Attic grave preserveda black glaze pyxis of type 0 together with four bronze pyxides of

similar type. III

There are numerous marble pyxides some corresponding topallery types and others having a type of their own. Of thosewithout parallel in pottery is an elegant class of tall·stemmedmarble pyxides.ll More numerous are low broad marble pyxideswith affinities to pottery eJl3mples of type e.U Marble pyxides

C'OfT'CS"p,mding to those of type B in pottery must also OCC'asionallyba\"e been made. 1J Small concave pyllides have also been foundboth 1\ith fttl and 1\·ithout.14

Siher pyxides are not kno.... n from the fifth «ntury. Theell.mplcs which remain are of a later period.a

Wooden pyxides have been found in Grette. the Taman andKerch peninsulas and Etruria. I

' Scholars have noted resemblancesof certain pottery pyxides to those in woodY Temple inventorylists do not mention terracotta vases,

The kylichnis also functioned as a container for incense as isknown from Hesychios' and Photios' description of it as aAI/JavwT((.u Both round and rectangular boxes are represented inuse.1t It seems significant that there are a number of fifth-centuryrepresentations of pyxides being used as incense boxes and inthem the pyxides are of clearly defined and recognizable types.

A stele in Berlin" depicts a young girl dispensing incense. Sheholds in the palm of her hand a cylindrical box with a slightlyprojecting rim at its base. The cover is placed on the groundbefore her. The lid is about as tall as the ball and Io\'ould cover thewhole wall. This factor alone identifies the pyxis as one oftype B.n

In COntrasl, the proportions of the box held in the hand of theheavily draped .....oman strewing incense on a thymlateriun un theLud " Th

OVISI roneU are low and broad. The cover has beenremoved: ~e box has an inset nange for the IKl. cylindrical .....allsand pro~lng Io.....er nange. The pyxis is one of type e.

A PYlllS. type A. sen'es to contain the incense dispensed b)' awoman depicted on a k '" " h " "h YIX 10 t e British Museum. u A somewhatasty depitlion of .

o· h a PYllIS. type A. may be seen on a red-figure..~nocd ne by the Eucharides Painter of ca, 490.480 B.e. A NikeU'Cn s Over spr' kl' .hand .,' .In lflg Incense on an altar. The pyxis. in her left

• Stl I retains it I'dknob SI. contrary to logic--one may make out theatop the lid.h

Delian Temple' .Word ltvA. ' ,"ventol')' 1,ISts of the fourth century preserve thedisap 'XVI(. Howc\'er, In the Hellenistic period this .....ord

pears and is repla d bAn 'emplOYed "cc y l,..avwTI(. After 166 B.C. the .....ordsare 1TlJtl( and 1TlJtldiov.u 1 he generic term pyxis. being

2 T.n AT',",€" PYXlS s...u Y RLTHEJlFUIlD RO.EJlTS J

"Why don', the fellO\It5 come? The hour's long past:And here I'm standing. ready, with my skinPlaslerro with paint. wearing my yellow gown.Humming an amorous ditty to myself.Trying. by ....·anton sportiveness. to catchSome passer-by .. :'.11

more familiar. is used in this stud}',One of the functions of the pyxis was as a container for

cosmetics. Various pyxides still preserve their contents andpsim)1hion (14I1.,m,IOV}21 and cinnabarH ha"e been identified.

One .....onders how widespread was the use of psimythion amongGreek women and who among them usro cosmetics. Xenophon inOikonomikos (IQ. 3m gh'e5 one indication. The fresh loung wife ofIschomachos had whitened her face with pSim)1hion and usedalkanet <mouoa) for rouge. lschomachos thought of this as adeception and persuaded her to cease using cosmetics.

Aristophanes in the Ekklesiazousai Oines 878, 930 and 1072)gives another glimpse. An oid hag having plastered herself withpsimythion attempts to lure a )'oung lover.

Cosmetics. if these references are a true reflection, were used bythe young and proptr bride Oschomachos tells us, Oikonomikos7.5fT. "She was not yet fifteen years old when she came to me") as

well as by old hags.The pyxis served then as a box for jewels, for dispensing

incense and as a container for medicine and cosmetics.The provenance of the Attic red-figure pyxis is mainly Greece

with few exceptions." Apparently it was a vase that was rarelyexported. In this it resembles the lebes gamikos JO and loutrophorosJl which only rarely are found outside of Greece. It seemsevident that a study of the shape and iconography of both lebes

gamlkos and loutrophoros would add considerably to ourknowledge of the pyxis. Indeed a study of the loutrophoroi of theSanctuary of the Nymph has been undertaken by Mana Tsoni.

A very close relationship exists between the concave pyxis andits iconography after the year SOO D.e. The subjects are

5SALLY RUTHERFURO ROI£JlTS

h I ·.,1, of a female character and show a strikingeverw e ml .~t·,on of ""'edding and funeral matter. This closeinterpene...

.• between form and subject has led me to add a chaptercannteno .

. _.ph, as certain themes appear now In a totally nrv.·on Icon~l!t.

light.M rimary task. ho.....ever. has been the study of the shape of

the :O:cave clay pyxis. Deazley's classification by letter has been~tained so as not to add a new nomenclature. Ty~ A and Cappear to be variants of a single form with a dissimilar scheme ofdecoration adapted to their different proportions. Ty~ D and 0a~ un~lated shapes termed pyxides by reason of their function,size and box-like characteristics. The two lalter types have hadthorough treatment elsewhere. Jl

11le devdopment of the concave ppis has been followed fromits beginning around 600 D.C. as a copy of an Early Corinthiantype. through a long period of experimentation which may bedivided into a number of phases.

The principal red-figure workshop in the production of thepyxis. type A. is that of the Penthesilea Painter. A characteristicshape together with cenain paltern accompaniments was de"eloped, then produced routinely and finally exaggerated.

Later fifth-century pyxides of type A pfOYide a great diversity ofmodels. including miniatures. pyxides of double format as well asthose of sta.ndard size.

The pyxis. type C. dominates the last thirty years of the fifthcentury. Production of this type as .....ell as of type A continuesthrough the first half of the founh century.

The site of Brauron is rich in pyxides as one might expect in asanctuary dedicated to Artemis prot~tress of women in everystage of their lives. It is clear that Artemis Brauronia wasconcerned with the bride, the woman in childbinh" and the child.The iconography of cenain pyxides underlines these conclusions.Iphi, ."enela, as well as the usual bridal types and the labour ofleto are among the subjects.

Pyxides representing the main types and main workshops arerepresented at Drauron. Not every pyxis from Brauron is includedhere as only examples are listed which fit into classes or are

THE ATTIC Pun4

related to them. Documentation and a discussion ~f ~he

iconography of these vases will appear in Lilly, Kahirs pUb~lca~lOn

of Ihe pottery from Brauron. Brauron tn~eed provides abackground of meaning for Ihe study of Ihe pplS.

Ludwil CUniU1. "Prnlh~u):' 8f'rl".", W,,,d:l"""lllltll~rogrvm.... 88 (19291 pp.

H .- "'-mman h-x.J.,,, ld""""tatK>n. H~mbul"J !';n"cnll\, l~lI '9; c............ .2. Gist:1a M. A. RlthlCr and !rot J Md"". SltllfWJ uNJ /¥UmtJ of A,Irf'lIum VAS"(New York. 1935110; Dart'mbng aDd Saglio. Vol .•. I, pp. 794-795.J. Marpir; J. Milne. "Kyhchms," AlA 43 (1939) 247-254... AIMn;tr1ft 1J"il"fUJ,I)plll"~t' 11. 480 C

5. AlA 4J U9J9J 2~_

11 Ibid.7. Ibul.. 249.8. s"hch;old in FR III .H1'I AlA 00 llfj.)y) 249 and Idc~nca.

10. CVA Dnunark 4, C~n~grn 4. tUI to pt lbJ,4.II FOIra dl>oot"U"lOflof.h"cla~, ~ 1><'10" p, IJq notc I~

12. JGS 1 (I~J 1'1'-20. fi~. 22·26 (Wcinberg); itA 56 \I'J401 col. 628 fill. 10(Rldh); 8CH 87 (I96J) 708. fig. 14 {frum Br.uronJ: S AuriJCmm•. L .. NrcropoliJI S".- ut V.lf.. Tf'C'bhG. I. 2. pI. 77 and p. b9 (found ...ith • rrd·ligurrd roIumnkntn dated a 460-450 a.ct: AA 13 (HI98) IJO fig. 4 (HnTmann).13. 1 do not know of any pubhshed examplt:$. Onc t:lampl~ m.y be: seen in theAIMnII Nation.1 Museum.

14 C"'", RIooda.. 4. 108, fig 96: D. M. RoblnMlfl. OI),,.,hIlJ 13. pI. 238. no. 926:BCH 87 (IlJ6J) 708, fi•. 14 ltu uampks 11 HJ,o-cr riglld: Schcfold in fX Ill, lJJand pictured in C. TOIT, N.ltoJ~ '" A,w....1 T.mu !Cambridge 11l85) pi I, D.T1lcse low "'edae-shapt:d fe.,1 .rc: flC'cuhar to marbk prxides. For. 1')'11' with.C)'hndrical ....11 and ... id.,ly proj«tlng Iooo-.,r naD8\' .nd lid lyon 8othmc:r. Alfcl..lftA" IrotfI/ Hr... Yor.l: Pnt'tllr ColJrcllO#lJ. no. 115. pl. 32 .nd mel'Cllt't:$).IS. D, E. ~tron•. Cr..d IUfd RtNn"If Gold ..lid Sill'rr PiIlrr (London 19!J60) 103.4,pl 28b; YOI\ Bochmer. Alfclf'''' An from Nr..· YlN.l: PriVUff' Collr('flOlfJ. IIQ. 273. pI.100, there: d.ted third ttlllury a.c.

16. l~ U961) 27, fig. 2b lfrom 8rauron): AA 55 (1940) cols. 6~28. fi~. b.&12 (Rieth); AA 70 U9S5) cols. 1-26 (Rieth).17. 11. P.~. Hf't't'r>rfWI,.,It,,, 2'B. n 1: Agt>TQ XII. 173. n.b,Ill. AJA 43 t1'l39) 25U (MilneJ.

19. MOIfPi0l6 (1899) 16IfT.IGrae.-cnl: Pauly.Wis!\Ol/o·a. RE 13, I. cols.llff.~ Brunn·8ruckmann. D"""miif,." ,rirducltrrlllfd ";;"'udrr Snlfp'"'. pi 417c.~. For a diseussk>n of tbr: pyxis. type 8, ~ HrsP"''' 10 (19511 211. no. 2

oung);A,f'fII'U XII. 114-175.

~2b.."'..",. Dr,."mlJl..,. 11: pi: 7. I he PYlis appears nol to ~ fOOled. In this case,2J Pl'Obabk that tIN: an 1St Inlcnded a marbk pyllL24" ~A 43 (19.39) 250. fig" I (Milne),

fll: 14~V. 229,46: G. Van Hoorn. CloUts Qlld A",ltrstrri" (Ldd.,n 19511 no. 119.

;:" AJA 4J (1939) 251 (Milnc:l .. A POWder . r

U'en- pyal5 rom Rhil>Ona conlalned Io«nll\'S of baSil: lud carbonatcIlld ~N" Ure, BiIl~" GJu=.. PU"""(ronf RI"uOIIU 'n Ba...,,,,, ILondon 191.1144-45

~). PslmYthlOn prored 10 be: thr rontc:olS ot 1"-0 l:onnlhlln PY">OC\,

• THE ATTIC PYxls S,ULY KUTl1ERFLRD Ra.ERn

...0 I I:S INTRODl:Q IO"i

7

our from a grave in IM Norlh Cemrtery. Corinth, IM othu ftom • growc in AUIC.(T. Lnlie ShC;lT. "Psimythion," C/lusicil/ StuJi~s prt>srn/I'd I<J £d"'lIrd Cllpp'!PTincCIOI1 19361314-.117. figs. I and 2); Richter and Milnc. Sh"p"J, p. 20. Or. A.E. Werner of the Re$Carch Laboratory of the British Museum analyzed theoontenu of • py:l:is, I)"PC B U-codon E 775) and stated that the material isttnlnite. I naturaUyoccurring miner.. l "'hich is nonnal lead carbonate. Later asample of maim,] from • PY"is. type A (B"lImon:. the W.hffli An Gantry48.1(19) ."U Iba aralY"~ in IM British MuSC'um. 1lle m'lnial is koad carbonateloxrtMr ,,'ilh • fe'll' panicla of alpha quaru.27. f-_iJ(t>-s de DI'/plln. S. 165-166 and referenca.28. ArUlophancs £ulI'Ji..;uSQf' (tramlaled by ~nplmin B. R~). Loeb Clusic.lLibrary. Vol. J. unn 817·880.29. E.lttptiom.: Anrona llJO. from Num_n. (ANV, 899. I44J: Ne..' York01.280..)6. from Cumac /ARV, 890, 173); Ferrara T. 27 C VP. frum Spina (ARV.1277.22): Napks RC Il7. from Cumle (ARV. 1277.25); Leyden KVB 157. fromCyrenaica (ARV. l22l/; London E 770. from Tralles tARV. 1360.2); Qrvitlo 573.from Ol"'icIO (ARV. q84. I); Palenno. fr .. from Stlinus (ARV. 1177.49); Palentlo.fr .. fmm Stlinu$ (ARV. 1290. 2)); Reggio. frr .. from Loeri (CB, iii. 72); VillaGiulia 207"9 from CeNelri. Nicmthtnic Shapt (ARY. 127. JO). The~ art t'AO .nhahan collections for which no pfOO"tnlnC'C 15 h~led; F1orenao 4217 (ARV. 1222.21:Vlli...n. fr (ARV. 1290.221.30. The fol:lowring ..·jlh uC'CpciONll pm.enallC'C a~ found in ARV F~.ra.

T. 1l6tl.lrom Spma ",RV. 1322.181: Leningrad (.!IT 1811. 1812. 19.10 frr.l. 155'11from Ktn:h lARV. 1JJ2. I...; 1..75. 1-2): Salunic. 680. 8.101. fn.. JIl.525. fr .•J4.J32. frr .. from OlynlM. (ARV. t.507. 1-3; 1509.").31. ARV. 1120. 3 U..w'~ MN 558. from Renllha£il.32. A~""u XLI. pp. 174·175: 177-178.3J. A"II,uJOJ;:11I P"llIfUlIl 0.201. 271·273; FlIrncll. CUlf" ul ,h.- Cr.·,'A SI""'). It 444:Euripidcs Jphl"""n~iu in T""rirll 1464 fr.34. Funell. C"I,,, u) fh~ Grf'~A SUltt'J 11. 441 and fOOln"lc 34: Ari'luphancsLyS(JtrQUI 645 .l Schol. "~i 4t Ti: ftqll Ti)v 'l.ryMlClv lv ~UQWv, quJo,,, cM: ivAV.i.[6,.'· Set abo chapln 7.

1. AthenJ. Agora P 4602. from Athens.H. 0.052, H. with lid 0.091. D. at rim 0.072. D. of lid 0.075.Concave. handles at rim.

Wavy line in handle zone band of purple-red. lozenge chain.band of purpl~.red. •

Lid: Birds to th . hi· .Rod ~ ng t; menor: plain.ney S. Young, Late Geometdc Groves and Q Seventh

The Auic COnC3\'e pyxis is derived from the Early Corinthianbox of this form. The Corinthian pyxis is a simple containercharacterized by the inward curve of the walls, handles at the rimand a lid generally cUI'\'~d up.....ards lov.ards lhe central knob andnanged beneath. Animal friezes decorate lid and body or in th~

simpler versions the decoration is linear.' By the MiddleCorinlhian period lhis lype had gone out of fashion to be replacedby a number of different types of convex pyxidcs.J

The concave pyxis firsl appears in Athens around 600 R.e.Examples are rare until around 5SO B.C. whcn a modest numbermay be cited. Fewer slill may be grouped in the years 540.520D.C.

The: following brief catalogue lists the pyJ:ides in chronologicalorder. The absence of a painler's name indicates that the vase isunanribUled_

CHAPTER IThe Origin and EarlyDevelopment of theAttic Concave Pyxis

,

THE ATTIC PYXlS .8

CI'''''It')' Well ill lhe Agoro. Ut.'sfH'ria Supplemc'''' 11. 22·23. fig. 9.Ca. 600 H.C.

3. Atht'rls. CeNUfliclIS MllSCUItl. from Athens.H. 0.09. H. with lid 0.118. D. at rim 0.118. D. of lid 0.115.Concave, handles at rim. Lid: rays. animals.Rays above frieze: beloK': rays.Painter of Berlin 1659. black-figure: siren heNcen panlhers.

S\loan between hens: AnV. 20.2: AA. 1935.296. fig. 21; .4)A 2q(I93tl)~. li~. 9.

575-550 H.C

2. Athc"lS316 (CC. 565), from Athens. PI. 1.1.Lld nllssmg. H. 0.0,;,4, iJ. ill nm u.Ull..In.....ard-sloping rim, concave.Black band above and below frieze.Polos Painter, black-ligure. chain of "omen holdin~ hands;

ABV-. 45. 28; p")llc. Nlfcnx;ur;mhltJ, ISO·191. rur (he chilin of\Ooomcn cf. the tripod-kothons: AllV 45.24, 26; CVA. Germany 9.

Munich 3. pI. 140.6; CVA. Gernlany 10. Heidelbcrg I. pI. 32.3.First Quarter Sixth Century.

IJ

PI. 3,1.

S.u.l' RUTHERFURD ROil ENT!

Frieze: Swans rightward with groups of strokes bttween. t..,.o• baSe band (purple ewer black).hnes. . ha

J "or. b~"d ron«ntnc band on ba5C:; ttom' unglazed.Ittf!ff. • .....

Purple (n'er black on swans' wings.Swan group. ABV. 656. 65; Agoru. XII. 398. Deposit R 11:2

dated ca. 6(X)-550 R.e. Concave pp:is. type A.

8. Nrw York 06.1021.164.

H. 0.055. H. wilh lid 0.10. D. of lid 0.072.C~ncave. lid flanged beneath. loop handle.Lld: youths naked and clothed.Wid .

e black mouldmg above frieze; below: black band.~~ Re~ated to Ihe New York amphoriskos and 10 Ihe Painter of~un~hIM2 h·' .""1 ,w 1I~ ground: arming: AnV, 455.3: 698: Richter and"11 ne, Sha d N "pes all alnt'S nf Athema" Vases. fig. 137.

Ca. S50 B.e.

6. Edinburgh 1956.424. PI. 1.2.H. 0.052. H. 1Jl'ith lid 0.083. D. at rim 0.056. D. of lid 0.065.Insel nange for lid. concave. moulding at top of body.Li." twO concentric bands of short strokes; swans 10 right.

Band of multiple outline triangles with tilling-ornamenl ofirregular short strokes at top of wall: frieze below of swansrighlward; groups of short strokes above and below.

Swan group. black·figure (no incision): ABV. 656.64.Ca. S50 B.C.

Boston 61.1256. from Gree«. PI. 2.2. Fig. la.H. 0.06. H. with lid 0.099. D. al rim 0_087. D. of lid 0.091.Concave. lid nanged beneath.Liel: lion aad goat; two sirens. ivy border.Quadruple row of dolS above frieze; below: double ro..... of dots.Group of the OIford lid. black-figure; He.raldes and Apollo: the

Slnlggle fOf' the tripod; ABV. 6l6.ll: BMFA 61 (1963) 64-67.figs. I ...... PalVlipomena. 306,

Ca. 5S0 B.C.

PI. 2.1.

THE ATTIC PvX1S

5. Athens. Agora P 20708, fr. from Athens.H. pres. 0.038. D. at baloe 0.088.Lower wall and base preserved. Concave.

4. Rnm,.. Cons,.n·lJton" 305. from Palestrina.lid missing. H. 0.083. D. at rim 0_10.Conca\·e. four pierced lugs at rim.Irregular slanting strokes in handle zone. Two horizonlal bands

.... ith swans rightward (upright) decorate the body punctuated by ablack line between the zones. two black lines below and a blackbase line.

Swan Group. black-fi~urc (no incision): AnV, 656. 63:Ht'Spl'rit/ 13 0944) 55 and 57: Payne. Necrocon'mhw, 292: CVA.haly XXXVI. Rome. Capitoline Museum I. pI. 35,4,

10

10. Basle MarAet, once Berlin 2033.Lid missing. H. 0.055. Upper diameter 0.071.Conca\'c. inset flange for lid.Wreath of leaves above frieze; below: black band.Black·figure. Dionysos and Aria-doe. dancing satyrs and

maenads on dther side. unbearded youth riding on ithyphalliemule to left; Mo""a;es et Meduilll's S. It. Balf', Vt'nte PuhfiqueXl, 23-24 Janvier 1953. no. 323, pI. xlv: A. Furtwangler,BeschreibutlR der Vasl'llsammhmg im Itntiquarium, p.438.

9. Gocha ZV 2380.Knob missing. H. 0.06. H. pres. wilh lid 0.076. D. 0.087.Concave, \\'id~ black moulding at top of wall. frit'7.C' between

black lines. black band at base. Lid: blat:k.Related to the New York amphoriskos and 10 the Painter of

Munich 1M2, hlack-ligure; Heraklcs anrl the lion: Amazonomachy; L.eiJS lIctwcclI ~ileithYI3I'!: AlIV. 455.2 below; CVA.Germany 24, Cotha 1. pI. 29,2·4; D. von Bothmer. Amazons inGreek. An. 75-76: Paralipomena, 198.

Ca. 550 H.C.

IJ

12. Brfluf'OIf Must!Um• .from .Myrrh~ous. . .Knob missing. Lid nses ""nh one JOg towards eenter. cyhndncal

hod . Black moulding at tOP of body and at base: t"..o blackm~ldings frame frieze. BottOm: series of concentric mouldings.

Lid: rays, lotus buds linked by arcs and dotted above. ribbon

paltern in red. ..Probably Exekias. black· figure: PreparatIon of a charIOt: Ergo"

J8 (11)61), fig. 43: BeH 86 (1942). 669. fig. 27; ARV, 1699; AlA72 (1%8). 362: Parafipomenu. 01.

Co. 540 H.C.

,13. Athens. AgOlll P /2255 fr., from Athens. PI. 4.1

Fragment from base and lo~er wall of pyxis. H. pres. 0.027, D.est. 0.075.

Body cylindrical. black base moulding, low black ring fool.Fn'f'=l': lower portions of ligures only; two horse's hoofs. nude

male figure left. nude male figure right, draped male figure withscepter right facing mounted horseman to left.

Bottom: dol. circle, glazed band.Black-figure, ca. 540 B.C.

14. Athens. Agura P /3247. from Athens. PI. 4.2.Lid missing. One side broken away. H. 0.045. D. 0.071.Inward-sloping rim. conca\'e; moulding at top and base, bottom

0.,.

a.ooy decorated with double palmettes separated by a dottedcham between two bands. Interior glazed.

Patterned without incision: the glaze has fired red.Ca. 550-540 H.C.

THE ATTIC PVlU

11. It,hnu 502 (CC. 686). from Eleusis. PI. 3,2, Fig. lb.ud missing. H. 0.006, D. 0.091. H. of foot 0.003.Wide flat rim, cylindrical body. Iow ring foot.Black echinus moulding at top of body and rounded moulding

at base. T,,·o raised black ring1 frame the frieze with a wide redband above and below. Botlom: ~ntral doned circle. three outercon~ntric circles.

Tleson. black-figure: siren bcl~ecn cocks. siren betweensphinxes; AHV. 181.49.

Ca. 540 B.C.

12

IS. Athen.s, Agoru P n26. from Athens.lid missing. About a third preserYed. H. 0.077: D. eSI. of rim

0.08.Black inward-sloping rim. cylindrical body. trip'!r1ite foot.Black. rounded moulding at base of wall. raised ring with

added red abm'c it. Black moulding at top of foot.Semi-glazed. Agoro XII. no. 1287. p. 327. pI. 43. fig. 11.Deposit T 18:)·U; for the foot cf. Ne 133. no. 1508. fig. 176.550·515 B.C.

17. Brussels A 1375, from Thebes. PI. 5.1.Lid missing. H. 0.14, D. 0.23.Wide flat rim projecting beyond line of wall. concave. Iow black

ring foot.Wreath of leaves on rim. frieze bordered above and below by

black line.8fJ1wm: black reserved circle at center and interior edge of foot.Fr;eze: Scenes 01" the hippodrome: quadrigas. mounted horse

nlen and traill~r.

Black.figure; CVA, Belgium I. pI. 12.Cu. 520 B.C.

16. Hf'ideJberg 274, froon Athens. PI. 4.3.Knob missing. H. 0.065. H. with lid O.O~S3, D. 301 rim O.OMS. D.

of lid 0.087. H. of foot 0.006.Wide nal rim. concave. tripartite foot. Lid rises steeply to

eenter. nanged beneath.Lid: three black circles on either side of chain of lotus buds

with points upward. linked by arcs and dotted below.White dot on c\'ery other lotus point. Band of wavy tines.Zeds on sKle of lid. Three black circles at top and base with

four circles at the mid-point separating the zone of rosettes fromthe chain of lotus buds below.

Black.figure; CVA, Gemlany 10. HeKlelberg I. pI. 41.10.Ca. 540-520 B_C.

15SAllY ROVHERFURD ROIlERn

A • lIS Agora P /JI29. from AtMns.18. t e . .Lid missing. About a third p~rved. H. rres. 0.042. D. est. at

rim ca_ 0.03. .. .Conca\"e. inset flange for lid. tnpartlte foot.Red line at top. black line at base of wall, black band around

middle.Semi-glazed. AgQI"Q Xli. 327. no. 1288. pI. 43. fig. 11. Deposit

U 25,2·L.550-525 B.C.

~ earliest example (no. I) comes from a ehild's urn burial inthe Athenian Agora dated ca. 6(X) B.e. The shape carelessly madeand decorated reflects the concave form of the Early Corinthianprototype.

Athens 316 (no. 2. PI. 1.1) is a replica of the Early Corinthianform minus the handles. The rim slopes slightly inwards and itslid may well have been like that of Boston (no. 7. Fig. la). Therange of vase shapes decorated by the Polos Painter is derivedfrom Corinth.]

. Another slightly later pyxis dated 10 the second quarter of theSIxth century is derived from a variant of the Early Corinthianshape in which the vase is formed as a kalathos with flat handlesat the eenter of the body .• The Ceramicus pyxis (no. 3) is shapedas a kalathos but the handles are at the rim and the lid curvestoward the center as in the normal Early Corinthian type. An

I~. Princetorl. private.One foot restored, H. 0.085. H. with lid 0.14. D. at rim 0.09. D.

of lid 0.095.Concave. wilh wide flat rim, four feet. Lid flanged beneath.

Three reserved lines on rim. another around middle of wall and agrooved line near the lower edge. Vertical rilled edge of lid and'''''0 circles on upper surface reserved. Added red for undersurface of rim at base of wall. vertical edge of lid and moulding atbase of knob.

Black. Agora XII. 320. no. 1286. pI. 43. fig. 11.

Ca_ 515 B.C.

THE ATTIC PvXlS14

animal frieze decorat~ body and lid but the filling ornament isreduced to a few sparsely scatlered rosettes.

An instructive contrast is offered by the Conservatori (no. 4)and Edinburgh (no. 6. PI. 1,2) pyxides decorated b)' the SwanGroup.s The Conservatori example is again a replica of the EarlyCorinthian fOfm while Edinburgh incorporates new features. aninset flange for the lid and a moulding al the top of the wall.Beazley ~marked that the range of "shapes used in the SwanGroup. in general. suggest a date in the first half and probablythe second quarter of the sixth century," Howt\'er. he noted thatthe contexts in which such vases had been found necessitated adate shortly after the middle of the sixth cenlury.' One wouldnever have guessed a mid century date from the shape of theConservatori pyxis but Edinburgh shows interest in aT1iculationcharacteristic of the best examples shortly after 550 B.C.

Still very conservath'e is the mid sixth century Boston example(no. 7. PI. 2.2). The form is Early Corinlhian minus the handles.The lid retains the usual animals but the main friele has (1 fOrcelulprocession of miniature figures. gods .....itnessing the struggle ofApollo and Herakles for the tripod. Figural also is the decorationof the earlier pyxis by the POI05 Painter.

The Athenian painter early sees the advantage of two patternband5 to frame and emphasize the frieze: dots on 80slon (no. 7).rays on the Ceramicu5 pyxis (no. J). or as in New York (no. 8) andGotha (no. 9) the framing bands are black. The upper one isactually a moulding. painled black. which emphasizes theaniculation of the shape. On the Basle pyzis (no. 10). a wreath ofleaves is pla«d abo"e the frieze and a wide black band at thebase.

The most impressive and dearly composed examples of theyears around 540 B.C. are by Tleson (no. 11. PI. J.2) and probablyby Ell.ckias (no. 12). The overall shape of the box is cylindrical.articulated by a moulding at the top and base. In addition on theTleson pyxis the frieze is framed by raised rings. The cleardivision of the pans and their relation to the whole is expressedby raised elements. There is a low ring foot. the first of manyanempts to fit a foot 0010 the simple box. On no. 12 the

,. THE ATTIC PYII~ 11

" h n doubled at tOP and base with a narrowIdlngs ave~ ...m~~ leO between them. The mouldings which bind. the frieze,p "ongly than those at the outer boundanes. Tlesonject nlore s .pro . ',n the use of animal frieze though all fillingis conservative

h disappeared. The preparation of a chariot forms theornament as . .

b' t of the Brauron pyxlS fnele.'0 F', cd 10 lleson's pyxis is a fragmentary example from the

Real f" "L"'Ago.. (no IJ PI 4 1) v.ith a figured nett In lit eAthenian ..' . .. . .

M"yle. Similar but less elaborate in form. 11 15 cylmdncal

aster . r" \"with one black base moulding underlining the rleze. It a so IS

title(! with a low ring foot. To this period also belongs asemi-glued pyxis (no. 15). A small moulding f~lIowed by a lar~er

weight the base of the cylindrical wall. There IS also a moulding

al the top of the trip'lrtite foot.What a simply made and dCi:orated pyxis might look like in the

)'eaf$ 550-540 R.e. is sho.... n by no. 14 (PI. 4.2). A crudely formedmoulding is placed at the top and base of the concave wall. Adouble palme1te connected by a dotted chain forms thedecoration. The pelals of the palmene have not been carefullydefinL-d and there is no incision.

The pattcrn is one uscd to ornament the necks of amphoraethough an exact parallel is difficuh to find. Certain of theamphorae of Group E have a palmene and lotus festoon on oneside and a double palmene on Ihe other. New York 56.171.12'dated about 540 B.C. may be compared but Ihe petals of thepalme1te hardly project and there is crude incision. A later smallneck amphora by the Painter of Toronto JIJI has a doublepalmette and lotus pattern connected by a chain. Here. there is noincision and in this the design comes closer to that on the Agorapyxis. Howe\·er. Ihere are vertical divisions in Ihe form of debasedlotuses. It seems probable that the basic shape of the pyxissuggestcd the neck of an amphora to the potter and this in turnled to the choice of pattern.

5SO S.C. could be called a turning point. Up until that lime~plicas of the Early Corinthian form .....ere still occasionally madeSide by side with a form modified by framing mouldings orframing ornament. The plain box as .....ell as the ne.....er model .....ith

'9

""OTES CHAPTER I

H- r.JM" H~,IIID IOsfotd 19JII 2CJ2.~: ,'''. p ~. P,)'DC Itlitcd onl) ODC concne p)'I'.~ In In.: cat'klcve.cl MlddkConathian usa. pO. 860 B. Louv~ A 432 .nd qL>rstiQnnt ..-hnhcT JI mlltll noI brlatn- For cnmu p).. idrs WC" pp JO'>-.JO!I.J IW. pp_ 190-191; Hr~P"W' IJ U94-') 52·504... H Paync. Hrf'rocontllhlD, 292. no. 666. Clnh.ll"E. Mus& AI.oui. Btthn J3J.AIlOlhn" Connlhi",n cumpk of thn .an.nt I'Ii C.rluuhr B 146J (CVA. Germ.ny 7.C.rbrvhe I. tut 10 pI. 39.2 bUI pkture plo J9..l).S. Other oooc:.vc Pfllides by the S..·.n Group; Reggio. MIaeO O¥ico; Rom.nm.rket (PoII.IF:) ~BV. 656. bl.fl2); Elcu$i$ J77. from E1eu$i$ l/'flnJ/ipom~"fI. p.JIS): Bnlurort 227. lid. from Br.urnn. Thc~ b .nother in Ihe S.ntorini Muuum.6. HUfw.riIl IJ U944) 57.7. CVA, U.5.A .• 12. The Metropolit.n Museum of Art J, pI. lJ. (New York41.162.143. pi. 14. '[$0 by Group E. hu I double INIlmelte ch.in ...Ith dIminutiveIotU$ belwren. The p.[mcIlC$ are crudely incisedl. T..·o furth<:r u.mples 'I"CWDnburs 244 .nd 245 (I..lnllluct, a,,'rf'huchr VIlJCII ill WunbllrJ. pt 791.8. ABV. 5118. 2 below: D. M. Robinwn .nd C. G. H.rcum. A CIlIIlIOl"r of ,11.,Gmi VIUU i" Ihr Ru)'ul O",an'o MII~rll'" of ArtAl'llf'OlOC)'. Turo,,1U (1"OI'onto19JO) plo 47. Compare also Vatican G. 2tI. ABV. 589••bove.9 Mm- Tok"u.nd Hflan ~parkn n"de thl' ~u~llun th~l il may ha-c brcn madein ••'ork-Joop produ.:iulI [...."hu..... tm the basil of the $hapc of lhe knob lA,......XII. p. 174). This $ugation il. .Itortlher convincing when:as In.: EarlyCorinthlaa conc.ve PY'atli is .llt1O$t inun"bly equipped .·ilh $uch • knob .nd it"ll1.ppcan on.n Allk uampk of ca 5SO B C. {Boston 61.1256. PI. 2.21. lhc:~afltr

It dn.appc't\ from t~ knob h:pntmn: oftht Pra" 1)"JlC A bol is. canoniclll f"atu",ofllw black kUlhon.10, F.. dllinl cof the S".lln Group......, 1I..~p.·n" IJ t1~1 57 (lkazk)·'.11 ABV, 4J.l. I.

12: ".mil~ Iil'\pd~. A,,,, Blaci'!i«"rNl L..h,h<.i (Pam 193b1 p. 44 and foot nOli .. I.D CVA Bdglum 1, 8ru~lo('l~ I. pi 12..1.

THE ATTIC PvDS

a ring or tripanitt foot exist. Both forms of lid constructioncurrent: the lid flanged below to fit within the mouth of the pot(Fig. la) and the newer model in which the body is flanged andthe lid fits over it (PI. 1.2). A modified animal frieze .....ith link orno filling ornament as .....ell as the figured frieze are found.

Only a few examples date from the yean 540-520 R.e. Theyeau Id not be mort \'aried as one is black (no. 19),tonesemi-glazed (no. 18), the third patterned (no. 16. PI. 4.3), and thelast black-figured (no. 17. PI. 5.0. Striking is the absence ofmouldings at the lOp and base of the wall and the clear simpleconcave curve of the wall. All are footed. No. 18 has an insetflange for the lid and the other three have a wide nat rim: no. 16(PI. 4,3) and no. 19 show that these lids ate flanged beneath andthe vertical edge of the lid is cOnliguous with the top of the pyxiswall.

The patterned Heidelberg pyxis (no. 16. PI. 4,J). cumes from agrave on the .....est slope of the Acropolis together with a miniatureskyphos krater of the Swan Groupll and a trefoil oinochoe by thePainlcr of Vatican 342." The context suggests a date range of ca.540·520 B.C.

A wreath of lotus buds. with points up\1lard. docorates a zone ofboth lid and box. This is a favoriate shoulder pallern onblack-figure lekythoi. Miss Haspels observed that the pattern wasused from the period of early Amasis. In the leagros period thepattern was revef2d and thereafter the lotus buds were depicted,",,'ith points downward. U

Brussels A 1375 (no. 17. PI. 5.1)1J like Heidelberg has a simpleCQncave wall with a .....ide flat rim. The base of the wall slopesinward to a juncture with a low ring foot. The formation of baseand foot resembles a small pyxis from the Agora (no. 18). Thef(Xlt of the Agora example is notched but the profile is similar.The Brussels pyxis. however. is the largest of the black-figureexamples having a height of 0.14 and a diameter of 0.23. Thisis a sudden enlargement of the shape for hitherto the black-figurepyxides noted ha\'c been of modest size. On account of thesimilarity of the rims of the Heidelberg and Brussels pyxides themissing lid should be restored to resemble that of Heidelberg (PI.

4.J). The date should be about S20 B.e.

..

20 THE ATTIC PTXIS

CHAPTER 11The First Small Classes

and Singletons

LATE FOOTLESS PYXIDES

I. Athens /8577. ex £mpedolr.les. PIs. 6.1 and 6.2. FiR. le.H. 0.057. H. with lid. 0.083. D. al rim 0.072. D. of lid 0.088.Inset nang~ for lid. body connx with black echinus moulding at

lOp and conca\'c·faced moulding at base. Lid flat with down-turnedrim to cover flange (inset at lOp of body Inll), pomegranate knob.

Lid: tongue and dol. black band bet.....een reserved lines. runningpalmette scroll, slanting connections all parallel forming avilruvian waYe with palmenes strictly aligned with axis of border(Dinsmoor Iype IVa).

Side of lid: inlerlocking maeanders in groups of five. once fourand chequered square: base moulding: egg pattern. Lid interior:black; bonom: reserved ",·jlh cenlta! dOl and circle.

~ Painter of Athens 18577. black.figure: chariot-race: AlA SO(1946) 118 Oisl of examples of palmene SeToU, type IVa),ParTJfjpom~"a. 306.

Ca. 5/0-500 B.C.

2. Athens 18578. ex Empedokles. Pis. 7.1 and 7,2.I H. 0.059. H. with lid, 0.104. D. at rim 0.075. D. at base 0.075.~ flange for lid. slight incline to wall, echinus moulding at top

and black moulding at base. lid flat ....·ith down-turned rim to cm'erflange; conical knob.

• Actual ktur rorms an: DOt~ ill lhb or the rouo...ing illKription$,

Lid: tongues. black band bct"cen resened lin~. runningpalmette scroll (Dinsmoor. I)PC IVa). Side of lid: interlockingmaeanders; moulding: reser;ed crenellc pattern. Interior of lid:rescn'ed; bollom; resen'ed.

Fri,.:e: palmettes. ailemntely \'crtical and resen"ed. linked bytendrils .....ith crosses in the field.

The Painter of Athens 18577. black-figure. patterned: AJA 50()946) 118. PuralifJo",.·nu. 306.

Ca. 5/0-500 H.C.

4. Brussels. Hibliothl~q"I' Royule 9. from Attica.Knob missing. H. 0.051. lota1 preserved H. 0.Ob3. D. of lid 0.085.

D. of base 0,09.

Inset flange for lid, conc3\'e-sided. moulding at base. lid inlerior:reserved: bottom: two concentric circles. outer circle.

Black line. reserved line abo\'c frieze, reserved line below. "Theinscription MEKAKI\E~ EnOIEIEN is modern, whether over anancitmt inscription or not" (Reazley).

Pistoxcnos Painter, fed-figure; women: ARV. 863.31; O.Fcytmans. Les Vases grecs dl' la Bibliotheque Royule dj' Bt·lgique.pis. 21-22 and pI. SI (profile).

Ca, 480 RC.

2JSALLY RUTHERFUaD RoaERTS

Tbe \a~ abme ha\c bt-cn loosel) grouped IOgether as the} ..hOY<• curious mixture of cunservative and progressiH: features, On theconsenath'e side wuuld appear their small size. base mouldings andlack of foot. The inset l1ange at the top of the hod) and consequenttllperimenlation .... ilh the proper shape of lid to fit do.....n o\'er such anange are progressi\e in the sense that these features are ronstallll)'presenl in the fiflh-centuf)' conca\'"e pyxis. The first ell3mple inred-figure technique appears about 5(X) D.e. and introduces thepredominantlY female subjet'1 matter typical of the fifth cenlury.

Alhens 18577 (no. I. PI. 6.1) and Alhens 18578 (no. 2. PI. 7,1)wf;re probably made as a pair in the same .....orkshop and det'oratedby the same hand. They are similar in shape and constructionthough lhere arc subtle differences in prolile. Bolh italic thecanonical b:lse moulding and complementary moulding at the lOpof the body but the form of the hase mouldings are cOnlrasted: adisk for no. 2 to counter a moulding ..... ith a conca\'e face for no. I.The lids ha\'e bluntly rectangular down·turned rims identical inprofile to those of the Classes of Berlin 2034 (PI. 15. J) and thePainter of Oxford 137 (PI. 11). The lid patterns are identical. arunning palmene scroll IDinsmoor t)'pe IVa).1

The first red-figured pyxis (no. J. Fig. Id) is of a very simpleconscrvati\e shape. The body is slightly conca\'e with a roundedmOUlding al the b3sc. It seems likdy by comparison with an earlier!and 1\100 later p)Xides (no. 4 and the singleton. Athens 12149)' Ihattile missing lid had a rounded moulding at Ihe edge to complementthat at the base. There has been a realignment of members. IheUpper moulding ha\'ing been mO\'ed from the top of the body tu Ihelid.

The artist is Makrun. who chiefly paiOled cups. Throughoul Ihefifth century the great majority of artists who paint pyxidesspecialize in the decoration of ClipS.

The inscriptions have been fully recorded in the catalogue entryfollOWing the order in which they appear in Langlolz's drawing.·

Recent examination sho.....s thal all the inscriptions appear to ha\'eh«n originally white.s With regard to the missing letlers it should bestated that there is :l chip in front of EMTA and no Irace of anylener could ever h3\"e been visible.' The chip may be seen in

frieze. MAKP(ON:1:18[.., KME].

THE ATTIC PYxJ§22

J. Atlu·tls Acr. 560. from Athens. Pis. 8.1-8.2. 9.2. Fig. Id.Lid missing. about t .....o-thirds of wall preserved. H. 0.076. D. t.'lJot.~t

rim 0.09.Inset flange for lid, concave·sided, black base moulding. bottom

l1at lIo'ilh deprc'\scd ('colral loodo.BOtlom: two concentric circle.; near ('enter and 11100 OUler

concentric circles.Black band.' reserved line above .od below

ErPA4>IEN]. KA(A01:··Hlm]OAAM.U KME.[.. ,KA] AE. NAYl:lnPA[T]E. [M]ENTA, KA[AE]·

Makron. red·figure: women in the home: AR V. 479, JJ6 and 458:JHS 14 (1894) pI. 3.2; Langlot'l.. Die 0",0(('" Vase" wm di'rAkropoJis:u Athen, pI. 43.

Ca. 500 B.C.

THE ATTIC P'YXIS

Langlotz's drawing and on PI. 9,2. The M was first restored byRichards, as Melite is the name of a Nereid in the Iliad (niiiA2).7

It should be nOled that there is an inscription beside each femalej;sure and room enough between the wonlan hastening leftward withthe mirror and the woman in profile rightward by whom MAKP i..written for another venical inscription to name that Vooman (alongher left side where there is a substantial break, PI. 8.1)_ Beazley nDledthallhe KA abO\'e the mirror held by the ..oman striding left "mightalso be the beginning of another name" (;tRV, 479, 336). Thereforethe anist can name each figure and sign. It seems highly probablethat MAKP is a fragmentary signature. The letters and pmiition ofthe signature on Makroll's Helen skyphos in Boston l are strikinglysimilar.

The basic shape of the Brussels pyxis (no. 4) closely resembles thatdecorated by Makron. The concave·!>ided box has a rounded basemoulding here complemented by that of the lid, The knob however ismissing so the total effect must be imagined. I would not hazard aguess as to the shape of the knob as they are so varied in this periodof experimentation. The pyxis differs in some relipects fromAcropolis 560. in that the concave curve of the body is cmpha..i7edand the box is proportionately smaller. The pyxis rests slighlly IIffthe ground on its base ring as is the case with Athens 18577 (Fig. le)and 18578,1 This detail may be observed in the prolile1t but thestructure of the foot is obscured by the base moulding and indeed allthe pyxides of this class appear to be placed solidly on the ground.

THE CLASS OFTHE PAINTER OF OXFORD 237

I. Camhddgf 86.06. Pis. 10.2 and 11.Total height excluding foot 0.095. D. at rim 0.101. D. of lid 0.12.Inset flange for lid, conca\·e·sided. tripartite foot (1). Lid with

down·turned rim to cover flange, conical knob.Lid: debased tongues. warriors, women and Nike. nCI pattern.Side aflid: linked lotus buds. pointing downward. with dolS abo\'e

and below.Net pant:rn abm'e and below frieze.

SALLY RI111lEaFUaD RO.EaTS

. r of Oxford 237. black-figure. Voarriors lea\'ing homepalllte .

. rs women and Nlkc): ABV. 649. 248,(~arnu .

Ca. 500-490 B. C.

Louvrt' CA 3738. f'X Bou/anger. Pis. 9.1 and 12.2, Fig. 2b.2. H. 0.092. H... ith lid 0.126, D. at rim 0.092. D. of lid 0.109, H. offoot 0,019, Inset flange for lid. conca\'c, thick stem sprnding footring __.. ith reserved com'clI edge. Lid wilh down-turned rim to cover

flange. Disk knob.Lid: debased tongues. \\arriors leuing home (seated warriors

ahema~ing with warriors leading horses and Nike). dots.1/ftf'nor of lid. reddened; buttom: dot and wide black circle.Side ~r lid: lotus buds. pointing downward. joined altcrnatcly by

slalks with dots abO'e and bclow.Nct pauern abm'e and below frieze.Leaness Group. black.figure: Am3zon and warrior leading horses

and warriors.Ca. 5QO·l/90 D, C.

J. Warsaw 138535, probably from Kaliningrad. PI. 13,H. Rib. D, 0.13,Inset flange for lid. concave, black thick stem, spreading foot ring

with reserved convex edge. Foot tripartite. Lid with down·turned rim10 cover flange. conical knob.

Lid: debased tongues. seated warriors alternating with warriorsholding horses and warrior; net pattern. $idf' of lid: lotus buds.pointing downward. joined by stalks skipping one or two buds withdots above and below.

Net pattern aOO\'e and below frieze,lc.aness Group. black-figure; Amazons leading horses. and

3warnors: CVA. Poland 4. Warsaw 1. pI. 43. figs, 1-7. ParolilJOmena.

13.

Ca, 500-490 B.C.

4. HOI'""a. Lagunillas.

Sh~pe and patterns as in Warsaw 1J8535.Painter of 0 f .p _ 1I ord 237. black-figu~; warnors: ABV. 649. 249;

orailpomenu, 31J.

S. HmI/TOn 223. Lid. fr .. from Brauron.Black-figure. scated warrior tlanked by two mounted figures. Vif}e

and two birds in the field. Added while on shield. Trace of debasedtongues near center break.

Ca. 500·490 B.C.

Pyxides of this class have a conca\'e body with an inset nange attht: top for the lid. The down-turned rim of the lid is somewhat tall inproportion to Ihe box and the side while slightly curved does nolform a smooth continuous curve compleling that of the botly. Theawkward and experimental nature of the lid protile is particularlymarked when one compares it with a mid-fifth century lid of theClass of Berlin 3308 (PI. 61). The placement and choice of

6. Ba/in F 4008. from Attica.H. 0.10. H. with lid 0.15. 0.0.08.Inset nange for lid. concave, black thick stem. spreading foot ring

with reserved convex edge. FOOl tripartite. Lid with down-turned rimto cover flange. conical knob.

Lid: IWO quadrigas betwccn turning posts. Sidl' q{ /i,l: lolus budspointing downwards. joined by stalks.

Net pallern above and below frieze.

Black-figure; Pcleus and Thetis; A. Furtwanglcr. Beu'hrl'ibllllg(It" Va.fl'lI.fummluIIJ( im A"tiqlllldlllll. 1016.

27SALLY RUTHERFURD ROBERn

nts are consistent. A chain of pendant lotus buds. carelesslyelcme ..•• _.I bJ' stalks decorates the SIde of the lid. A band of net patlernJOin""" .frames the continuous fneze on the body. Knobs and feet vary.

The Cambridge p~'xis (no. I. PI. 11) has a conical knob and foot'oIhich possibly once was of tripod formation. l1 The black-figurework has been anributed to the Painter of Oxford 237.u a memberof the Leaness Group. The women depicted. one on each side of thewarrior, move to the right with arms akimbo; one looks over hershoulder. A curious incised rectangular box-like shape with two"ertical divisions defines the upper body. A comparison with then'tlenad on Alhells, Acropolis 20291), makes clear that the lowerslightly angled incisions of the "box" indkate the arms of the~oman and the loop at the cellter represents her clasped hands. Themacnads depicted on the cup fragment Athens. Acropolis 2928a H

manifest this same debased format characteristic of the Painter ofOxford 237.

A Nike with recurved wings on either side of a blob· like undefinedhead, depicted on the Cambridge pyxis should be compared with analmost identical Nike on the lid of Louvre CA 3738 (no. 2, PI. 9,1),

here attributed to the Leafless Group. Note the slanted incised lineswith a half loop at the center indicating the arms and claspedhands. The rough incisions on the lower drapery are identical. Thewarriors holding shields on the main frieze of the Louvre pyxis(PI. 12.2) are of the type of Cambridge. Warriors or Amazonsleading their horses are not found on cups and pyxides attributed10 the Painter of Oxford 237. However, they appear in the .....ork ofthe Whitworth Painter, another member of the Leafless Group.Compare the faceless Amazon holding her horse on Athens P3716H by the Whitworth Painter with a similar faceless figure onthe Louvre pyxis (PI. 12,2). Similar Amazons with horses may beseen on Auckland 3771.1' Sometimes the hind hoofs (Athensp 3716) or forequarters (Louvre pyxis and Auckland 3771) are off~he.grOund and one receh'es the strange impression that the figure"hhterally holding up the horse. It should be remarked. however,t at th . .

e mctsed body markings on the horses of the Louvre pyxisare more detailed than those of the Whitworth Painter. The LouvrePyxis by comparison with works by the Painter of Oxford 237 and

THE Anle PVXIS2.

7. D'j's,h'lI ZV 54. from Athens. PI. 5.2.H. 0.063, H. with lid 0.127, D. at rim 0.061, D. of lid 0.08. H. of

foot 0.02.Inset nange for lid, concave, spreading fool. lid with down·turned

rim to cover nange. Conical knob.Uti: debased tongues, two glazed circles, running palmette scrnll

(Oinsmoor type IV A). Side of lid glazed.Black band above and below frieze.Black.figure, patterned (two rows of running palmette scroll,

Dinsmoor type IV A). Palmettes {twelve or thirtecn petals) within outline. Crosses in field).

Ca. 5/0-500 H.C.

29

11 matches Ihat on the body. The fdele of palmettes is framedsera.e and below by a black band. The shape is generally similar to::: py:x.ides of the class but there are differences in detail. The:

foot profile varies from the norm.111t" palmefle scroll (PI. 5.2) is the same type as on the lids of the

('"ntemporary ppides Alhens 18577 and 18578 (Pis. 6.2 and 7.2).Hie lohapc of the palmclle is identical and there are spirals in theuppcr and lo.... er spandrch and crosses scallert.'d in the licld. The~ans of the palmctu:s are rendered in outline. left plain on thclids of Athens 18577 and 1~578 and Ihe bOO)' of Dresden ZV 54.110 ewr. Ihe heartlo on the Dresden lid are gh-en 3 dt'('orati~e

Iilhng and Ihis is also the case for certain of the palmcltclo on thehudy of Athens I~S78.

I. B"/i" 1034, from Crete or Alhens. PI. 15.1.H. 0.092. H. with lid 0.135. D. at rim 0.096. D. oflid 0.104. H. of

foot 0.016.Inset flange for lid. conca~·e. tripartite fOOl. Lid with down-turned

rim to cover flange. Conical knob.Lid: rays. hens. double dot. two black alternaling with ' ..... 0 while.I"'rriorojlid: rcsel'\'ed: bonom: dotted circle and cirt'le. Double

dot abovc frieze; bdo\\': double dot.

Manner of the Haimon Painter, black·figure: Herakles and theboar. twice: ABV. 556.442 bis: Frank Brommer. Jll'rakles. pI. IJa.

THE CLASS OF BERLIN 2OJ4

2. Bf.'r/iIl10J5. from Crete or Athens. PI. 15.2.H. 0.093. H......ith lid 0.137. D. at rim 0.092. D. of lid 0.096, H. of

foot 0.016.

. Inset llange for lid. concave. Iripartitc foot. Lid with down-turnedrun to cover Ilange. conical knob.

Lid: 1'01)'5. hens. double dot. iwo black (lltern,ning with two white.IlItt'rior ""d d bo ' ,~ I: rcsel'\'e: Ilom: dOlled Clrclc and Circle.linked double dot abm'e friezc; belo"': same.44ianlll:r of the Haimon Painter, black.figure; Komos: ABV 556.

ter.

rilE ATflC PYXlS28

Whit .....orth Painter definitely belongs to the Leafless Group.It is e\'ident Ihal the shape of the Lou\'re pyxis (PI. 12.2)

resembles Cambridge 86.1906 (PI. 11). The disk knob of the Louvrep)'l:is differs from the others of the class. Warsaw 138535 (no. J. PI.13)1' clearly was decorated by the same hand as no. 2. Louvre CA37J8 (PI. 12.2). A comparison of the horses. horsemen andAmazons lIt'ha stand behind their mounts makes this clear. Thehorses are evidently of the same breed as th<m= of the Lou,'re pyzis.An incised line usually follow$ the contour of the back as ischaracteristic also of horses by the Whit'Aonh Painter.I' Theinterior markings however ate only "ommon 10 the horses on theLou\'re and Warsaw pyxides.uThree or four cuned lines mark therump. closely set curved lines between "parentheses," the flank. Intwo instances the front hoofs dangle in the air and once again theimpression is given that the figure is holding up the horse. The lidcompositions are remarkably similar: seated warriors allernate withhorsemen. the Nike figure of the Louvre PYXls being replaced bythat of a standing .... arrior. The standing warrior depicled on Ihebody of the Warsaw pyxis should be compared also to that onCambridge (PI. 11).

The shape of the Warsaw PYXls more nearly resemblesCambridge 86.1906 (PI. 11) than Louvre CA 3738 (PI. 12.2). Thefoot of the Cambridge pyJ:ls probably originally resembled that ofWarsaw.

Thc form of Berlin F 4008 (no. 5) most closely resembles that ofWarsaw. The knob is conical. the concave curve long and the fOOlwith its black thick stem and reserved convex foot ring iscomparable to Ihat of Warsaw. I have only seen a photograph of theBerlin pyxis but from this the foot appears to have narrow notches asin Warsaw. The foot profile of both has been borrowed from cups oftype C.loThe pallerns and placement thereof are idcntical with Ihoseof the class. The nel pattern bands framing the frieze are verycarelessly executed.

A paltcrncd pyxis, Dresden ZV.54. should be compared with vasesof this class. The conical knob is banded. the foot spreading with alow moulding at the top. The lid. the side of which is glazed. appearsto be slightly too large for the diameter of the vase but the palmene

Tht= pp:ides of thi~ snlall class are quite uniform in shape anddecoration. They are con(a,'e with a curve simila.r to thost of the(lass of the Painter of Oxford 2J7. A ~ual conical knob ero" ~s

t~ box. The lid has a do"n-turned rim. bluntl)" rectangular ID

contour to cm'er the inset flange at the top of the body. The footi!t tripartitc. Row~ of double dot ahernatel)" black and" hile framethe main frieze. Thc side of the lid is black forming a strong solidborder abo\·e. Note ho" different the effect is from sides of lidsdecorated with lotus buds as in the Class of Oxford 237 (PI. 11).

Berlin 2034 (no. I. PI. 15,1) and Berlin 2OJ5 (no. 2. PI. 15.2) are a

Pa4r both in shape and in the choice and placcmenl of pallernelements. They are attributed to the Manner of the HaimonPuinter. An inci~cd Iinc emphasize!> the boundary line hclweenfllce und hair. a characteristic of the Haimon Painlcr\ !>lylc,Ucarried on in 1Il0rk merely in his manner. This rude demarcationline may be noted on lhe faccs depicted on all the pYllides of this

class. Two curved incised lines not exactly congruent with thecontour suggest the shape of the thigh of the Heraldes on no. I.Almost identical incisions may be seen on the youth's thigh on thelekythos. Cabinet des Medailles 283. U also in the Manner of theHaimon Painter. Two such curved lines but shorter. may be seenon the right thigh of Herakles on the Mannheim pyllis (no. 3)." Anincised loop indicates the ear of the youth on the Cabinet desM~ai1les lekythos. and an identical notation may be seen for thesyrnposiast's ear on Agora P 24555 (no. 5, PI. 14.1). A strongsimilarity may be noted in the set of the head in profile to the righton a body oppositel)" disposed on the Agora and Providence pyllides(no. 4. pI. 14.2).

On no. 1. Berlin 2034. Herakles is twice represented in combatwith the boar while lulllos kneels between the groups. Thiselement of repetition is aho present on the Mannheim pyxis (no.3) where the struggle of Herakles with the Cretan bull isreprescRlcd twice. lolaos kneels. helpfully holding Heraklcs' club.This same motif appears on a handlc-Iess cup, Prineewn 162.attributed to the Manner of the Haimon Painter. Z4 There arenU~bers of these handle-less cups with a labour of HeraklesdepIcted tlll'ice.'~

THE ATTIC PYIIS

J. Mtumhf'im Cg65. from Athens. PI. 16.1.H. 0.058. H. with lid 0.09. D. of lid 0.063.Inset flangc for lid. concave. tripartite foot. Lid with down·lurned

rim to CU'!'er flange. conical knob.Lid: ra}"S. hare confronting hound. thrice. dots. Double dot. two

black .:alternating" ith two white. abm'e and below frieze.Manner of the Haimon Painter. black-figure: Heraklo and

Cretan bull. twice: CVA. German)" 13. Mannheim 1. pI. 18.8-10.

4. Prol·idl'IICf.' .14.1374. PI. 14.2.

H. 0.092. H. with lid 0.128. D. at rim 0.080. D. of lid 0.102. H. oftoot 0.014.

Insctl13nge for lid. concave, tripartite foot. Lid with down-turnedrim to cover flange. conical knob.

Lid' rays. hunter preceded by thrce hounds afier a harc, doubledol, IwO black alternating with two white. DOllble dot abo\'e andbelow frieze.

Man ner of the Haimon Painter. black-Iigure: S)"mposion: lJ,jl/,'lillul thp Musl'um ofAn Rhodl' Isluncl School of Df'sigll 27 (1939) 26.fig. 7: Diana M. Buitron. A"ir Va.s.' PUilllillJ: in Nf'1I' EI/X/uI/dCol/t'rtiulls. 66·67.

Ca. 490 B.e.

5. A ,hl'ns. Agara P 14555 Ir.. frum Athens. PI. 14.1.Fragment from "all preserved. PfCS('n'oo H. 0.054. tit. 0.0.08.Inset flange for lid. conca\'e.Double dot. two black alternating with two white. above frieze.Manner of the Haimon Painter. white ground (incision. red for

wreath. beard and large dots on himation): Sympmiun: 0 12:3well ca. 520-490 B.e. Ues/>eria 24 (1955) 02'06.

COMPARE:8rallro" /70 fr.. from Brauron.

U1ack·ligure: Komos. 11 differs fmm the class in having a ringfool.

Ca. 4908.e.

SALLY RUTHERFURD R08ERTS J1

The fric7.c of the Mannheim pyxis is extremely narroYt', perhapsin response 10 the smaller size of this pyxis. but perhaps reOectinga t .... o-frieze format sometimes employed by the Haimon Painterfor alabastra. 1' The Mannheim ppis has not been attributedpreviously 10 the Manner of the Haimon Painter. yet the use ofincision for separating face from hair. the thigh markings ufHcrakles. the repetition of the motif of Herakles and the hull, thepose of 101305 holding the club and even the narrowed formll! arestrong evidence for the attribution.

The shape of the Providence py:ds (no. 4. PI. 14.2) miTTOTS thal ofBerlin 2034 (no. I. pI. 15,0. The fragmentary white ground pyxis.Athens. Agora P 24555 (pI. 14.1) from the concave cun'c of the wall

and double dOl band abo\"e the frieze seems '·CI)' m.ely to belongto this class. The composition of the Agora pyxis \loa!> probablysimilar to that of Providence and both were dralol n b)' the samehand. The shape of the hcad!>, the cap-:ike hair loIith itsincision-less OUler contour and the erratic incised lint..'S markingthe contour of face and beard arc nearly identkal. The curvedincised lines ~uggesting the drapery of the s)'mposiasb andparticularly the disproportioned joining of arnl to ~lltJuldcr showthe samc artist at work. The latter ;!> often an uncertain feature indraloling by the Haimon Painter. H

The Agora pyxis. P 24555, comes from a well 101 ith a contextdated ca. 520·490 B.CII Thompson !>uggcsted because of the massof pottery and number of lekythoi (250) that the mateflal dumpedcame from a retail potter's shop on the edge of the AthenianAgora damaged in the Persian sack.

Numerous lekythoi from the workshop of the Haimon Painterwere found in the Stadium Street grave logether with an al)'ballos byDouris. Miss Haspels dated the lekythoi about 480 8.C.n

The pyxides of this class undoubtedly should be dated to the sameperiod. One would expect many more examples of this classconsidering the prolific character of the Haimon workshop, but fromthe evicleno:e at hand, this does not seem to be the case. A number ofpyxides of a broad low bowl form ..... ith the picture confined to the lidwere also made in this shop bUI later in the second quarter of thecentury.)O The evidence suggests that in the years around 490-480D.C [here was. as yet. linle demand for the small terracotta box.

Pis. 16.2 and 17.2. Fig. 2e.presen-ed H. 0.094. D. al rirn

I04>ON EPrALATO !:'II4PO ME E40KEN inci~d on Side oflid.

Manner of the H"imon Painter, black-figure: komos.For 5t)le compare Berlin 2035. attributed 10 the Manner of Ihe

Haimon Painter (AIJV, 556, 442 ter).Cu. 490 11. C.

JJ

SINGLETONS

SALLY RUTHERFUIlO ROIt£ItTS

I. Athl'f/s /9271.Knob missing. H. 0.083. total

0.078. H. of fOOl OJXl7.Inset n:lIIge for lid, long body. concave, black moulding :11

base, be\-clled ring foot. Lid with black do.....n-turned rim 10 cm-erflange.

Lid· rays. hare and hound confronled. thrice. double dot withtfattS of IoIhite dOI~ betlo\ccn. Lid i",('n'or reserved; bonum dotcirde,"band.

Abo·..e and below frieze. double dot with Iraces of 10\ hile dotsIlt't"een.

2. Athel/s. Agoru P 279/7 I'r.. from Alhens. PI 17 IL'd . . . ..

I ml5Slllg. TloIo joining fragments preserve almost onc third ofthe ~1 H_ 0.075, C5t. D. at rim 0.07. H. of foot 0.005. Insel nangefor lid. COncave reserved 10 be' 11--'· "'1' ,b

.' ..... , 'e ..-.", nng loot. 1010 hOflZOnlalands of linked .fi pomet::ranates on white ground decorate the hod)

bram«l by a black band at the top and base and a wider blackand at the CCnter.

CDlaclt-figure: pallerned. Deposit H 13:5.

u. 490 B.C.

J. OXjord /966 980 I S'C . . ex II' John Beazley). PI. 173 Fig Jarownrn· . ., . .o . g piece 01 knob missing. H. 0.077, lotal pres. H. 0 114. at flm 0.009 D f I' 009 ' ,

d,·a.... . . 0 Id . S, H. of foot 0.016. Concave·"eter of lid . '

eont,' shghlly too large, bUI belongs. intended 10nUe and I

Lid. comp ele cun·e of body. Iripaflite foot.right~a::.ngues, black band. quirks. Sidl' 0/ lid: key pallern

THE ATTIC PYXISJ2

8. LOl/don E 769. from Alhens. PI. 19.2 and Figo 2e.Knob fragment preserved (originally of loop form). H. 0.069.

IOIa1 preserved H. 0.084, O. at rim 0.064. D. of lid 0.088. H. offoot 0.027.

. Concave with offset moulding al base. Lid with down-turnednm and inset nange below. tripartilc foot.Lid'bdf. an 0 black linked pomegranates on reserved ground

nea.r OUtcr edge, the remainder. black.

ConC3\C ~ ith offset moulding at ba~. and black ('chinu!>moulding al top. Ud rises ~ilh a jog t~ard... conical knob. kl ....

lripartite fOOl.Lld debased tongues. ~reath of \crtical. eirt"umscrihed

palmetle5 (nine petal...) ~ith ~hile dots in spandrels abme andIhrce ka\CS below. connectl-d b)' a paltern of lriple opposed lotusbud.... Side or /id: gla7ed. Red line abo\·e frieze: be/Oil'· 1~(1 red

lines. Rays on base moulding.Black.ligure; Dion)'sos seated by vine betv.·L'Cn maenad 11l1d

dancing satyr: Athena attacking ~arrior. ~arrior and hearded

onlOOker left .Ca. 4RtJ H.C.

7. Ox,lortl 1965.13tJ (cx Spcnecr-ChurchillJ. from Athens.PI. 18.3. Fig. 2d.

H. 0.086. H. ~ilh lid 0.127. D. al rim 0.062. D. of lid 0.079. H.of foot 0.027.

Cone,uoe. lid \lilh rounded dO\ln-lUrncd rim and insel llange~lov. it. tall tripod foot.

Lid lertical circumscribed palmellL~ (seven 1>Clab) llocparatcd byltar drops aOOn and ~In\l and connecled by a lotus n{Mer.

SiJt· ()I/id: tongue and dol.Stopped inlerlocking maeanders in groups of three onee luur

and cross squares belo\l friezL'S.Manner of the Pisloxcnos Painter. red-figure: \lomen: AHV.

864.15 "may be by the painter himself:' A",C6 4. pI. 29. I; LeAni I. pI. ISO. figs. 7-8 and 11; Pamli,lO"u'na. p.426.

Ca. 4H/J·470 H.C.

J5SALLY RlTTHERf'UIlD ROIIERTS

6. LOIII're CA 25/1.H. 0.083. H. wilh lid 0.14. D. at rim 0.085. D. of lid 0.104. H.

of fOOl 0.014.

5. A,ht'IIs 627 (CC.S39). from Alliea.H. 0.07. D. at rim 0.061. D. of lid 0.082, H. of foot 0.009.Concave. inset nange for lid. Iow ring foot. side of lid continues

and completes cun'e of body.Lid: net. maenad dancing bet.....een two satyrs. rider on

ithyphallic mule. sal)'r and maenad dancing. rider on ithyphalliemuh:. net. Side of lid: pendant linked lotus buds. dOlled aboveand below. linked net pattern abO\'e and below frieze.

Black-figure. draped figure (Ariadne?) and Oionysll!>. macnadbet .....een t.....o dancing satyrs. rider on ithypha11ie mulc. maenadand satyr. maenad and satyr. rider on thyphallic mule; Collignonand Couve. CalU/ogllf' dt's Vas.'s /WiIlIS till AI/1sh· Natiol/ald·A/"em's. 269. no. 839. Some of ligures of lid and box vestigial.

Cl'. 490 H.C.

4. Athells /2/49. Pis. 12.1 and IS.2. Fig. le.H. 0.075. H. with lid 0.116. D. al rim 0.08. D. of lid 0.093. H.

of foot O.OIS.Inset nange for lid. eonca\·e. black base moulding, thick black

stem and spreading foot ring with a reserved concave edge. Lid..... ith do..... n-turned blaek rim to fit ovcr nange.

Knob: slightly conical.Lid: debased tongues. women and warriors. nCI paltern.

/lIt.'n·or n.f/id: glazed ..... ith OUler reserved band: bottom: reserved.Linked ncl pattern above and below frieze.Near the Painter of Oxford 237. black·figure (incision. nddition

uf white and red); .....arriors, women and HerOICS.

Puttl'n! zOlles from top dowl/' h) lea\·cs. linked pomegranates,broad black band. key paltern rightv.ard.

Black·figure. patterned. Sir John and Lady Ht'U:/l:)' Gifts/9/2·/966. no. 158. pI. XVII.

Ca. 490·470 H.C.

THE ATTIC PYIls

12. Lunn .17./009.lid nlissing. box mended from numerous fragments. H. 0.105.

0.0.10.Inset flange for lid. long body, conca,'c; closed. flaring foot of

proportionatel}' small diameler.onset moulding above and below frieze. ornamented wilh black

net paltcrn .Diad-figure. Io\omen: CVA. France 20. Laon I. pI. 11. I-J.Co_ 490 H.C.

"fhe p}xides listed above dcrin= from Ihe yea~ 490-470 H.C. andthey havc cenain common characteristics. They are concave withan inset Ilange at the top for the lid. The lid has a down-turncd rimto cm'er thc flange and in some the lid profile colltinues andcompletes the cune of the body. In IWO instances (nos. 7-8) the lidhas a do~n·turned rim wilh a flangc set belov.' it. Both a longslcnder body and a squat compact body may be found. bothcontinued in thc ~ellled red-figure classes 10 follow. The grealestdiversity comes in the form of the foot. Most arc tripartite. a fewhave a ring foot but the influence of foot types of olher vase shapesis also apparenl. 80th psykter (no. 11) and cup foot type C (nos.3-4) may be recogni7ed.

The number of black-figure and red-figure examples is fairl}even but there arc also rare black-glaze (no. 11) and patternedexamples (no. 2·J). Singletons occur whose slyle links them to smallblack-figure classes (nos. 1. 4).

These IWO decades are Ihose of erratic experime0l3tion from,,-hose e1emcnts a new canon eveOlually cmerged. The frequent lackof harmony between Ihe three pans-lid, bod}' and foot issuggesth'e of the experimeOlal ferment evidenced by Ihese vases.~ne number of singletons should not cause surprise as it is

evident no workshop specialized in the production of pyxides.There ~alo little demand' few were made and evcn Io\'orkshon.: whichd" ,,-

Id prodUce small classes also made sin/lllctons.

I take the long bodied type first. Athens 19271 (no. I, Pis. 16.2and 17,2) has a base moulding, tradilional but ouldated by ca. 490D.e. Delow it i~ a low bev... led ring foot. The lid profile connects

THE ATTIC Pvxu

Side 0llitl: resen'ed band. black band. Base moulding: rt.-,;en'edband. black line. H.esen"ed line abm'e and below frieze.

Briseis Painter, red·figure· women' ARV 'IO"J u· h. _ . ',. .. .u: 1'\1t.: ter.AI/e'll"~" f/lnllllln •. fig. 195: Cecil Smith, Cutu/ogllt" 01 ,hi' Gr"f'fcIll/(/ 1.1r1/5(:1I1/ VaSl's ill ,h" lld/ish MIISl·IU". Ill. 110. E 769.

CII. 480·470 H.C.

9. A.,hn,.s ~ol908. from Athens. PI. 18.1. Fig. 9d.. lid ml.,>slOg. H. 0.094. D. at rim 0.081. H. of foot 0.024. Cnnca\"e.IIN.'t Ilange hlr lid. tall. comex lripanite fool. Blad. hand. rl~cned

line abO\'e frieze: bd(JII'.· black band bel~een reserved lin~.

Close 10 the Wedding Pailller, red-figure: Judgement of Paris:ANV. 924, CVA. Greece I. Athens I. pi. 6. 4·6: Purtllip(ml.'lItl, 431.

0,. 480·4m Il. C.

10. Cumbnclgf' GR 10.1934.

Knob missing. H. 0.094. tOlal presened H. 0.103. D. at nm0.086. D. of lid 0.10, H. orfOOI 0.016.

long r:OIlr:3\'e r:urve. side uf lid slightly concavc, tripartite fool.Lid: ahcrnating \·enica1. circumscribed palmelle bcvcn petal)

and flower linked by tendril. ~hite dots abo\'e flanking f1o~ers andbelow in tendril loop on either sKle of palmene.

Side ot/iel' black. Reserved band abo\'e and belu~ frieze.H.ed-figure. Zcus pun.uing Aigina: JUS qo (1970) 19.\-194. pI. I.

I-J.

et/. 470 lJ.c.

11. WursUlt' /98509.

Insel flange for lid, long COnC3\"e ~all Io\ith torus moulding alhaloc. tripanite fOOl. lid flat with down-turned rim. conc:l.\·e In

profile. acorn knob.

H.t'~en'l·cI: acorn knob \.glazed line around l'cnter to differenliateIhe two parts alld black moulding at base), lo\.\er edge of lid andupper surface of body, gt(x}\"e a~)\"e base moulding. fool.

Black. Maria L Hernhard. Gn'cfc;e MlIlunom WU:Oln'. fig. 51:A,1toro XII. 174 and footnote 8.

SA1.LT RUTHERfUao Ron:ltTs J7

this vase with the Class of Berlin 2034 and the three confrontedpairs of hares and hounds are replicas of those on the Mannheimpyxis (PI. 16,0 of that class. The side of the lid is black and thefrieze framed above and below by a row of d<luble dots; thus thepanerns also are characteristic of the Class of Berlin 2034. Theshape howc\'cr is new and constitutes a third model known fromthe "orkshop of the Haimon Painter.

Athens. Agora P 27917 (no. 2. PI. 17.1) is very similar in fannbut lacks the base moulding. The low, reserved beveled ring foot isKlenlical with Ihat of no. l. This is one of two patterned pyxidespreserved from this period. The linked pomegranate pattern is afa\"orilc and may also be secn on the lids of London E 769 (no. 8)and the later black Oxford 1928.46.11 It recurs as a motif un theOxford pallerned ppis (nn. 3. PI. 17.3). The Agora pyxis eom~s

from a d~posil ~n~ath the west end of the Middle 510athoughl 10 ~p~nt Persian dcbris. u

Oxford 1965.130 (no. 7. PI. 18.3) is clearly experim~ntal in ils

shape and th~ ~Iation of lid and Iripanile foot to the box is nOIaltogether harmonious. The height (If the tripod foot seemsdisproportionate to the sin of the vase. The fabric is thin and line.Ihe vase well made. The lid profile is curious having a roundeddown-turned rim with an inset projection added on below. Onc isreminded of lids of Late Footless pyxides. one of which wasdecorated by the Pistoxenos Painter.}) The Oxford box. in contrastto Ihe compacl Brus!ocls pyxis. is more slender with a longerconcave curve. The base moulding is recalled in the articulation orthe pattern band below the frieze.

Experimentation alon~ similar lines may be noted in London E769 (no. 8. PI. 19.2) by the Briseis Painter. The lid profile is againformed by 1\\0 de!occndmg steps. the angular lo\\er mcmbcr edlOcdin the offset lower moulding. The base moulding is morepronounced than in the Oxford pyxis. The repetition of shapesabove and below the frieze and the contrast of r~ef\'ed and glazedsurfaces impart a more harmonious effect to the whole. The lowtripartite foot however seems to be an afterthought no morecomplementary to the shape than (he lall tripod fOOl of the Oxfordpyxis (PI. 18.3).

J8 THE ATTIC Pun 39

The body and lid of Cambridge CR 10.1934 (no. 10) combine tofonn an almost continuous long cun'e. The lid profile is~miniscent of the Class of .he Painter of Oxford 2.17 (PI. 11). Theheighl of the nange of the lid is complemented by the heighl of thefoot: the former black and the latter resen·ed.

A black pyxis in Warsaw14 is the most curiously shaped exampleof the series and might be better de5ignated a hybrid. The body ofthe pp::i.. with its torus mOlllding at the base is that of the stem of ap5)·kter. u Note the striking resemblance to black psykters fromearly fifth·century "'ells in Ihe Athenian Agora. l6 The juncture oftheoooy of the pyxis with its lid seems also to ha\'e bttn innuencedby the Iblkter. Compare the small black Oxford psykterl1 as wellas the black-figure example in Brussels_lI

Now to turn to a parallel de\'elopmenl: pyxidn of more squatproportions. No. 3 (Oxford 1%6.980. PI. 17.3) is a rare patternedpyxis. "'hose wall profile and pattern of pomegranat~s connects itwith the long-bodied Agora P 27917 (PI. 17.0 from a dateddeposit.)' The profile (If the foot may be especially compared withIhat of the black-figure pyxis Athens 12149 (no. 4. PI. 18.2)..... theblack knob with that of the red-figure tripod pyxis attributed to theManner of the Panaitios Painter's later work.·. The~ is aconfluence of references 10 dilTering models of pyxides all currenl~t a~~t the same period. It is Iypical that there is no pyxis quitehk~ It III all its features.

The style of Athens 12149 (no. 4. PI. 18,2) is near the Painter ofOxford 237, a member of the Leatless Group who decorated lateblack-figure cups and a small class of pyxides. The women movingin one O1reetlOn while looking baCK over their shoulders should becompared to macnads on Naples Stg. 185. designated "Near .hePainter of Oxford 237....2 Compare the swallow-tail drapery ends,the white dots on the hem and the vertical row of such dots on thegarment.

Even closer, however. is the maenad depicted on the cupfragmenl Athens Acr. 2029 attributed to the painter him~lf.·)Themacnad moves leftward with her head in profile to the right. herarms akimbo and her white hands clasped in front of her body.

The women on bolh the body and lid (Pis. 18.2 and 12.0 of the

pyxis move this ~3)'. their arms akimbo. A lock of hair hangs downin front of the Acropolis maenad's ear: the same mal' be noted onthe maenad 10 the left of Hcrmcs on the pyJlis.

On Princeton 16.1 by the Painler of Oxford 237 (side A. PI. 10.1)the left most macnad moves similarly ~'ilh het hands (3 while blob)clasped together in fronl of her body. Her shawl ends in s.....allowtails. There are while dots on the drapery o\'er the shoulders and ina vertical row down the center of the garment. A (ress falls down infront of her ear. The rightmosl maenad's hands arc depicted asv. hile blobs onc beSide the other in exactly the same way as on thepyxis Alhcm 12149. The birds used as a design element on the lidare unparalleled in the work of the Leafless Group. The figureslyle. howel-er. certainly is near the Painter of OJlford 237 andperhaps this is his own work,

The prufilc of the body of Athens 14908 (no. q. PI. 18.0 presentsthe simple concave curve of the Oxford patterned pyxis and theblack.figure Athens 627 (no. 5). The tall convex tripartite fool isunparalleled. The lid is missing and the exceptional contour of thefoot is a strong admonition not to hazard a guess as to the profileof the lid. Beazley writes thus concerning the style. "The following.though unusual in the proportions of the figures and in some otherrespects. is close to the Wedding Painter and may be from hi~ Oil. nhand."

Similarities to the style of the Wedding Painter are not difficultto find. Compare the set of the head and the long wavy t~ses

falling along Paris' shoukler and upper arm with the seated youthdepicted in the tondo of the Berkeley CUp.45 The reserved line alongthe contour 01 the head widening along the upper arm to halo thewa\'y locks is similar in each. The shorthand depiction of toes seenfrum the frol1l as a series of curving lines is identically representedfor the figure of Paris and that of the woman on the right in thetondo of the cup in Compiegne,46 Dilule chilon fold lines end inhea\'ier dots as may be seen on the woman putting the final touches10 the arrangemcnt of Thetis' garment on the name pieee of theWedding Painter. the pyxis in the Louvre.4J The unusualproportions mentioned by Benley may be nOled in the curiousenthroned fi~ure of Aphrodite.

The Wedding Painter is counted a member of the PenthesileaWorkshop. howe\'er Ihe shape of this pyxis is nOI of the canonicalPenthesilean type. By profile and b)' the very oddity of ils foot itseem!> to belong 10 the experimental period of 480-470 B.e. Thestyle seems to ha\'c a slightly earlier flavor especially pronounced inthe figure of Aphrodite and indeed Rhomaios and S. Papaspyridi(Karousou) dated the vase 10 that decade,4'

Pyx;de.~ decorated by the Pistoxenm Painter. Brussels. Biblio·theque Ro)ale 9 and soon after Oxford 1%5.130 (no. 7. PI. 18.3).v,hich mal' be by the artist. were made before the canonical type ufthe P"nlhesilca Wor,,"shop ""as introduced, The same is the case forAthens 14Q08. The Pistoxenos Painter's female ~ andcompositions seem to have provided models followed in thedecoralion of pyxides by certain members of the Penthcslleaworkshop.4t

40 THE ATTIC PYxlS SAllY RUTHEllfURD RO.EIlTS 41

J. AlA SO 1I94b) 118. The IrtiJICSI populllrity of the palmcm' K'mll border lie$ inI~ pniod 510-500 D.e.~ b1acllAi'lIlY pIIlm~tC'li 011 the '.-0 p,".il; lids hiJ'~ ftornIhlf1tvl tu fifi:~n pnals. Therr is linl,s~ brt--a:o the pnals aDd the l'ncirclbJvine. Unusual futures arr lhe~ in the f,dd and t!'le palmellt Maru in OUtlie.:l«hn"!",,, Compare ,he p;llmt'th: PY"I\ In Dn:~l'n i ..... zv 54

2. A,II,'tJI'SI XII. 181. fOOl:notl' 5. Athens. Cnamic'lls wp lJ r. a l'OlXau: py"b,.. ,th a rounded bb'ck moukhnllll Ihl' base and ~gl' of the lid.~ bOl:lofll ill na'..·ith a slightly deprl5.~ ..tn at the ten.." as in the red·fil!'\I~ uampk'. Thb. Jl)'abha~ bftn attributed 10 the POll", ly\iadn .. hO!lol' signature appt'I"" Of' a kOlhon inl.JOlls. Tht' rCSI:ned coIor and raised rid~ doltf:d .. ith glur simulate ...·000 IS onkolhuns attributed 10 this potter. A1t~mlling black and IT(! {ongut's (an c:lcmcnt inlhe deroralion of kOlhuns. type A and III ornament ,he knob. Particularly dose a",th.. furm and arrangement of palll:rn~ on a kOlhun in Cupcnhal<:cn Vdf 7~ [1%4110.1. fif.:. 2b). This d«,on,tkltl •.-IlIle, Ihb II)~" hI kuthuns and l:Sp.-dally 10 thosemade by and allribut..d to Lysiado:s. It ""\)Uld appear to m.. that thc form 01' theknub i~ unusual but lhe basIC ~hape tics perfectly ""ithin the dc~..lollm..nt of thepylli,. 1)'PC A.

.1. See p . .l4. no.~. PI. 18.2.~. C ..rtllin elTOl'S ",hich had c",pt inlo tkao.:y's reading O'I'cr the )"1'IIrS hl"e beenrorn:cted by a fruh u.min.tion (Jf the V'W'. Cumpare ANV'. 31~. 2J9.nd ANV, ~79. JJ6.5. Miu Lucy Talrou alllJ MISS Harb.ra "h,lipp'lu ~e'1' kmdly checked the lIUthOf s",adinll of the inscriptions and the: rolour of the Ic1:tering in AUgU\I. 1'Jtl9. and I .mdeeply gratri'ulln them.

O. E. LanSlou. Di~.""ik"l VOW'" >'1Nl d.·rAkropoiiS:II AI....". pl."J and p. 51. no."".7. JHS I~ (18941 194.8. ARV. 0458. 1; CB. Ill. no. 140. pb. 16·;; (Boston IJ.l86).9. This ch....nerislie ronn«t\ Brussels Blbhothtque RO)';I~ 9. Athen\ 18511 and18518 ,,'ith py1id~ (Jft)'llE D.10. D. Feytm.ns. Ln V4Jt'S Grws d... ,,, Bib'fO/'~q"r Roy"lr de Bdgjq", (BrusKb1948) 51. profile dr••ling.

11. In. k-tter of May 14. 1969. Mr. Richard Nicholk .kindly "tlJ(e the foflo""ing.boIot the fonc: "It .I!iO shll'Wis "hat is Itn of the foot. "hich has broken ''''ayundel'Tll'ath and appa.renlly been ground level in modern tiron. Under lhe,'H·um\laoc..",. o:rtalnty is nOf ~~iblc but then: scem to ha"e been three

•ymmettkal breaks with kvelish surfaces ~t"'ern thrm (unlcu wholly aue to themodern grinding)·-i.e. pos.sibly a tripod foot:'12. ABV. 649. 248. Li~1 of his l\·orlr. on pp. 651-652.13. ABV. 643. 159; Graef. Oil" u",ik,,, V'urll ''0'' de, Akmpolis :11 AI/Ill'''. pi. 89."'29.14. ABY. 6043.158; Grarf, DjI' ullIik,,, Vus"" l'OlI duAkropoiis:1I Atll,,". pI. 88.2028a.

42 THE ATTIC PVXH

NOTES, CHAPll:.R 11

4J

15_ AB\ b-M. 166: Thomas b~ Dunb..bin .nd 01:""",. Pnoc...... 11 toxford19621 J4J. pi. 142 top ntht. DO. J 10.16. ABV b44.lbS;JJlS -111951) ISS, rlf. 5. WhLll\ortIt ramler17. CVA PolOInd 4. Warsa.- t. plo 4J, 1·7.18 JIIS "I (19511 ISS. fil<: Sa ud b.19 The inlenor mark;np do lKIIl ~mblt those of horses by the malll P'lOttr ofthe Lt.l1nJ Group. The C..ylw. PalOter. S« ABV. 645. 181; CVA. F...ntt 16•Mush Rndll> pI. 14.5-6.20 IbnsJlIfi HlOl:"\t:h. flffmerl "mw"" $1"11"1...,, (Berne 19401 115. o.e ItauptrrtJPpe" er lkrlll> ,.- 2044. pI. 32.3,

21 ARt. 13122. ARV. 553• .l<lO; CVA. Ftll"'-... IQ. Cabinet des MEdallles 2. pi. 80.2.2.), (·VA. <ftrmany 13. Mannhclm I. pi. 18.9.24 AUV 559.4%; N.'rord '!II/r,· An Muw,m, Priflr..,"" UIII''l'fJ;tt· II (1%2) 9.1'j:,.1 t,~h1.l1erukl.... und lhc linn. t"';~....25. AllV 558·559.2tl. AHV, 555.422-423; A HC pI. 4l.J.27. ABL. pI. 41.2a .nd 4.28. A.tQNI XII. .197, 0 12;3: 1I•.•po'"" 14 (1955) 62·66 (H. 'J'hoOll'!iOn).29. ABL. IJ2-JJ3..... '/>Id pp. 13(,·IJ7; ARV !'&l 101' ~ptl"i.1 t)'pe:l; /'a,..,lrpom .."". 2Kot (liddedtto..ls); Arwa XII. 172 and footnote J3.31. CVA Cn:.t Brllll;n 9. Oxfonl 2, pI 65,12 and plo 04.8.32. A bt'ic:f mention of this eu"a"llion U ront.ined in AlA (19691341. The: depositH 1):5 rontalnlOg Tl!d-figuA' and blad:.figutll' material a~ "... 11 n toof II~ Indbroken Itchlt«tunll fraJ:mtnts sUllI(CSts thl: pos~ibiltty that the deposit n:poracnlsPen.ian drbris33. IIlnS Dw-poIdo::r. "lkr P,stonll<\S ~talet:' W,,,.-k ..lm,,,,,,,, ",...,fTlmm 110 0954111, fip. 3·5.

34. lot L Bemhard. GA'.-J; ... M,,/"nt..... W,,~ ....... (Wlru,,· 1%6) fig 52: A,rurv XII.li~. foncnoce 8..15. 1 .m pally tndebled to Miss LuC)' Takou for this obstn·ation.lO. E. VandeTpOOl. "rh.- R«tangular Rock-Cut Shaft:· JIff1',,;, 15 O'Mtll122·323. pi. 05. ~ ..I!iO blblioglaph)' then: appended; CB. 11.6. "~ykters l\'ithfiill~-d«'Orllion range fmnl aboul 525 tQ 400; none uf the bladt ona are muchIatn: nor are any oflhe representations on ~ases;" H"~pt'r",, 22 (1953) 81. pl. .lO. SO(BoulttT); Ago,... XII. 52. pi. 2. fig. 2.nd bibliography.~. CVA. Great Britain 3. Oxford I. pI. ~8.25 .

J. CB. 11,1.8.4: CVA.. Belf.:ium 3. Brussels 3, pI. 25,5.

Q "~rt"lle .It.

40. I ne toot i, borr",.~'d from small cup. uft)"", C and is akin 10 tha, of KarlsruhcI~. Th,s cup belong~ to a .ubd;~i~i\)n in ",hi<:h thr profi1r of lilt: fOOl i. anllulbr or.lIghtly t . .41 "'I<a~e. H. 1:llo...~dl. f"rnWII utllJrll.·, Sr/ra!.·", 11 S. pi..n.2.42' ARV'. 955. Athens 1584; CVA. Cte«t' I. Alllt:ns 1. pI. b. 1-].4J' ABV. 043. 149; CVA. ltal) 20. NapleS I. pl.~. 4.7.p1"8~~V. 6043. 159; BoIho Gratf. Dj, a"rikr" VaJen ,..... de.. AJ;ropolu :u AlfI"".

44. AR \'. 924. Athens WlOb.

THE ATTIC PYxis

4S. AHV. 923.11; CVA. U.S.A. S. Um...~rsll)· of California I. pI. J7.Ja.46. ARV. 922.1; CVA. FraTK"l' J, Compqm. I. pl. 11.14.4:. ARV. 924JJ. LovH~ l 55. Wl'dding or Pdn~.nd Thelft,~_ ('l'A G~ I. Alhrn~ I. pi 0.4-6 and p. 5; MMS 5 119J.11 141 ".MII 4llO:Pam ~llllng among Ih" goddrs~ 10 Judgo:. Iypc or I"'" IO-nal.lonilis pi.... IIra.:·Ua~hall

49, "IMns 1591tcC. I~l by the Cu",u~ Pamter. "them. 2188 by Ih" rami'" ofIAndoo 0 12. "Ihem; 1141 by IIw Veii Painl"'. Alhcns 1107 b) the Painter orLondon U 12. MUnich 2721 b)' lhoe Pamlcr of BoIQIl"na 417. Athem;. pn\:lle by theVeil Paml"'. Athens. Serpirri CoIlcelion by Ihe Painter of London D 12. The posema.l frequently r",pealed is Ihal of a v.ontan scaled m profile on a d,ph~ v.hh heram,s hidden by hcr hlma110n as in Ill<:: PislOlen... Painler's cup in Flonnec(W"'I"l'lm",rnSl'"lIIr"mm 110 [19541 pI. bal. A >ariant on Ihis poM' ;.. ..,.'-..:nled 00the O~tord pyu~ (pI. 1II.Jl, one hand protrudC"l "hilt- (he nlher ~hrn... merel)' as abul~ benealh th,' 1I;mali"n. The Penlhesilcan rdlNlions portray a "oman loCated inprofile 011 a diphrO!> lonce on a bl"c1l.1 "ilh bolh nm, hidden. but 11 hul~ abo"e lhe:knee le~c1 shOVo's Ihe position of a hand as in the O~ford py~i\.

CHAPTER IIIThe Penthesilea Workshop

,

FIRST GENERATION

I he lirst grouping of pyxides from this ~ork~hop i~ Ii~ted helow,III thl' and thc follo\\ing li~ls Ihe kc}' pieee is given first; t!lcrearterthe \,1~es are nunlbered in approximatcly chronological order.Fraglllcnl~. ~hich can prob:lbly be assigned to a class. arc ghen atIhe cnd of the list. Lids are pattcrned unless otherwise indicatedand are dcscribt..'tl frllm the cenler outwards. Vases compared to aclass arc not nombered. In addiliulI to the AN V references. lhetx....t or most aCce<isible illustralion is gencrall) ghcn, Theillu~trationscomplement the evidence of profiles and othef\\ise arclimited to less well kno~n or ~ell iIIustratcd pieces.

I. Nell YfJrk 07.286.36. from Cumae. PI. 20,1.H. 0.021. H. with lid 0.172. D. at rim 0.095. D. of lid 0.14. H. of

foot O.02f).

Lid· tongue and dot. venical. circumscribed palmeues linkedwith free palmellcs. black band. imerlocking maeanders in groupsof five (once four) separated by saltire squares (once a crosssquare).

Sidl' ~"lid: laurel wreath. Lid interior: dot and two concentriccircles: botlom: same.

Two black lines above frieze and one below.HO 1lA1I: KAAOI: twice in field.Pcnthesilea Paintcr. white ground: judgement of Paris: ARV.

THE ATTIC PYns

890.173: Richter and Hall, pp. IOI-J. pi. 77: Hambidge. DYI/amicSymmetry. 51. fig. 12: Parafipomena. 428.

2. Ant"ona 3130, from Numana. 1

lid missing. H. 0.12. D. at rim 0.10. D. at base 0.14.WK:1e glazed moulding. white line. black line abon frieze;

belOII': black line.The names of Zeus, Hera, Peitho, Charis (?) and Aphrodite are

inscribed.The Splanchnopt Painter, white ground: birth of Aphrodite:

ARV 899,144; Riv/stArch 8 (1940) 46-56, figs. 1-7: Paralipomena.429 "Andrew Oli"er has discovered the lid. in a private collectionin Paris;'" T.B.L. Webster. Polter and Patron in Classical Alhens.268.

J. Pl/rI·s. LOUI'1'e MNB /286. from Athens.Pis. 20,2 and 33.1. Fig. 4lt.

Knob missing. H.0.!4. Total pres. H. 0.148, D. at rim 0.117. D.of lid 0.156. H. offoot 0.035.

Lid: tongue and dot. black band. laurel wreath. black band,rontinuous or interlocking maeanders in groups of five (once si:r)and cross square. "Odd man'" south. Lid interior. dot and twocircles: bottom: dot and concentric circle.

Grooved wide black band. white band. black line above frieze:beluw: black line. while band. white band, wide black band.Perhaps connected with the Sotheby Painter, white ground; Perseusand Medusa; ARV. 775" 1669; Rill/stArch 9 (1960) 186. fig. 78;Parulipomena. 416.

4. Munich 2721. from Athens. PI. 19.1. Fig. 4b.H. 0.105. H. with lid. 0.147. D. at rim 0.09. H. of foot 0.026.Lid: tongue and dot, black band. laurel and berry. narrow black

band. double dot. Lid imen'or: dot, circle, band: botmm: same.Irregular reserved line above and below frieze.Painter of Bologna 417, mistress and maids: mistress and maid;

ARV. 917.199; CVA, Germany 6, Munich 2. pI. 97.1 and 3-4 andpI. 99,4.

SALLY RUTln.fUIn Ro.urn

5. Athl'/ls 1288 (CC. 15.58), from Attica. PIs. 21 and 33.2. Fig. 4c.Knob restored. H. 0.131. total pres. H. 0.155. D. at rim. 0.112.

D. of lid 0.145. H. of foot. 0.029.Lid IOngue and dot. laurel .·-reath. black band, interlocking

maeanders alternating with cross squares (once sahire square)."Odd man" south-east. Lid interior. resen'ed_ BOllom: dot andconc£ntric circle. Black gl37.ed moukling, reserved groove abovefrieze: belo"'. reset'\'ed line.

Painler of Bologna 417. women; ARV. 917.198.

6...Athl'ns. Serpieri Collection (el: Vlasto).Lid panther. bull and boar between reserved circles.Reset'\ed line above and below friett.Painter nf London D 12, women: ANV. 963.87; Puralipomf'nu.

434.

7. Alhl'tIS. Serpieri Collection (ex Vlasto).Lid tongues. circumscribed palmetles linked to lotus flowers,

black band, interlocking maeuders in groups of six or stvenahernating with four-pointed stars. Side of/id: laurel wreath. Blackglazed moulding and two glazed lines above frieze: below. Ihreeglazed line<i.

HO flAIl: KAAOI in field.5planchnopI Painter. white ground: womcn: ANV. 899.145.

8. Baltimure 411.2019 (el: Sotheby). from Greece. Ill. 22. Fig. Sd.H. 0.13. H.•'ith lid 0.195, D. at rim 0.105. D. of lid 0.145. H. of

foot 0.045.Lid: tongue and dot, laurel wreath, black band. maeanders.

some continuous and some interlocking in grnups of four. five andsix. altcrnating with cross squares. Side uf lid: rays reserved.groove. black band. Lid illll'n'or: dot. three circles. band.circle-all irregularly drawn: bottom: same.

Black glazed moulding and groove. white band. black line abovefrieze; be/v"": black line. white band. wide black band.

50theby Painter. white ground; Maenads: ARV. 774-775.1:Journul of the Wultl'r:s An Gallery, 1949.66. right.

12. BU!iIWl 93.108. from Eretria. PI. 27.

H. 0.128, H. with lid 0.178. D. at rim 0.116. D. of lid 0.15. H. offoot 0.031.

Lid: tongue and dot. black band. laurel and berry. black band,

9. Ar"e,,~· 2/88 (CC. 1845). PI 23 FO 5. . Ig. a.H. 0.15. H. with lid 0.215. D. at rim 0.113-0.114. D. of lid 0.16.

H. of fool 0.037.

. Li~: debased tongues. laurel and berry, debased tongues. Lid"'terror: rescn'ed; bottom: dOl and concenlric cirde.

Grom'e in black glaze moulding abO\'c frieze; bdull': black line.lIl'hite line. black band.

Painter of Londnn 0 12..... hile ground; women; ANV, %3.94:CC plo SO.ItHS.

It. BUSlon 65.1166 (ell: Mayer). PI. 24.H...... ilh lid 0.185. 0.0.15.

Lid: tongue and dot. black band. rays. black band. chevrons. Lid;"tt'rio,: reserved: hullOm: dot and two concentric circles. Blackband ......hite band. dilute line abm'e frieze: below: dilute tine. whileline and black band.

Graffiti on underside of lid: AYIANAPA HOKEAYI:YMAXIAJ.

The Painter of Londun D 12. white ground: Women: BMFA 67(1969) 72·92. figs. 1-5 (Truitt).

49SALLV RlffHEllfUIlO ROIll~IIT<

13. South Hadll')'. Mount Hol)'oke (ex Seltman). Pis. 30.1 and 34.1.H. 0.121. H. with lid 0.17. D. at rim 0.118. D. of lid 0.14tl. H. of

foot D·031-0.032.Lld tongue and dol, wreath of laurel and white berry. black

band. Iongue and dOl.Bottom dot and two concentric circles.Rcscned line abo\t' and below frieu.1 he Veii Painter, woman ~aled, and youth: maid running.

Restored. ARV. 906.109.

14.AI/lt·ll.'!" 1Nl (CC. I5tH) from Athen... Pis. 28 and 38.H. 0.122. H. ""ith lid 0.17. D. at rim 0.11. D. of lid 0.151. H. of

foot 0.035.Lid longue and dol. black band, lotus buds pointed down.....ards

linked by ares abme and below aod dOlled. blaek band. reservedpetals. Ud imerior. rcscnled: bottom: dot and two circles. Blackband. rescn'ed groove above frieze: b.-Iow: reserved line, black line.reserved edge.

Veii Painler. women: ARV. 906.111.

line!> dotted at both endlO.Bullom dot and t""o glazed circles.Black glaled moulding. teSened groo\t' abo\t frieze: below'

resened line.Red-figure. woman seated by kalathos ""hile bearded man looks

on: anolher .... oman. Youth cro""ned by Nike. another )·outh. l. D.Caskey. Geometr), ofGred VD.'!"es. pp. 226-227.

IS. f/(Jllulll/u J59H (ex Segredakisl. Ph. 29 and 37.H. 0.127. H. wilh lid 0.169. D. al rim 0.109. D. of lid 0.14. H. of

1'0010.03.

Lii/.· rays. rescrved band. lotus buds pointed downwards linkedby arcs and dOlled above, reserved band. zig'lag enclosing oppu!>edtriangles. Side of lid: rays. Black glazed band. irregular reservedline above fric1.e: bl'1oll': zigzag clJclosing opp0'iing triangles.

Painter of Bologna 417. women: All V. 917, 203.

THF ATTIC Pnls48

IQ. Berli" 2261. from Athens. Pis. 26 and 30.2. Fig. Sb.H. 0.13. H. with lid 0.188. D. at rim 0.124. D. of lid 0.17. H. of

fOOI0.OJ7.

Lid- tongue and dot. black band. linked vertical circumscribmpalmem:s ....-ilh a leaf in each spandrel. black band. interlockingmacanders alternating with cross squares. SiJe of lid: rays. /.idi"ll'riur: dOl and two circles; bouum: dOl and three circles.

Wide black moulding......hite band. black line abo\'t' frie1.e;m'luw: black line, hile band. black band.

Yeii Painter hite ground: ""omen: A R V. 906.116: AdulfGreifenhagen. A,.tikt' Ku,u/werkf', pIs. 70-71.

TllE ATTIC PYxIs S,AI.l,.Y RUTH £RFUIU) ROBEJl:u 51

16. Mal/du's/er U"il'l'Tsity III I 2. 1'1. 31.2.Lid mb.sing. H. 0.14. 0.0.15. H. of foot 0.03.Resented line abm'e fric1.e; lwlDle laurel \\ reath."I\.';,r the Palllter of Bruloseb R JJO. "Arrhal of Jouth \\oUlh.

\. "Illall. maid-Pari~ and Helen?: nun.e w;lh babe-N;kO'llratOlo?;"lllg-Mellelam.':'-: ,lnd maid). AIl\'. 931.2: L. Gluli·Kahil. Ll·.~

1::lIll'l·f'ml'IIt.~ 1'1 h' HI'fUllr d'l/f!le/ll'. p. 177. footnole 1.

17. Genel'u /0763.H. 0.114, H. with lid 0.172. D. at rim 0.086. D. of lid O.llq. H. of

foot 0.034.Lid: tongue and dot. laurel. tongue and dot.Reserved line above and below friezc.The Group of Athens 1591, Women: AHV. 955.2: t'VA.

S\\itzerland I. GCllcva 1. pis. 17,7 and 18.5.

Ut Df'/os. fr.. from Delos.Maximum pres. H. 0.08. D. 0.108. Lowcr pan of COIIC:IVC wall

and concave lripan;te fool.!Jr)/lom: dot and IWO concentric circles.Rays bcl"cen Tl:SCrYt.'d lines below friez.e.Veii Painter. Woman seated and \\omcn: AHV. 906.112: De/os,

XXI. 71.

19. Oxfurd 1929.754. fr .. from Greece. PI. 25.2.0.0.115. Flange for lid and part of concave wall.Wide black band abtl\'e fricze.Painter of London 0 12. white ground: \\omcn \\ ith lyres: AR V.

963.95; S('/f'l't. no. 367. pI. L1.

20. I1ruuroll 58. fr.. from Brauron.White ground. women.

21. Alhell$ /592 (CC. 1554).H. preserwd 0.079. D. at rim 0.11. Inset flange. conca,'e "'all

presen'ed to near base.The Curt ius Painter. Youlh and \\omen: women: ARV. 935.76.

Wrollgl~ restored. Like Oxford 1929.754 it \'Ias a full·siLed ppis\\;th a tripartite fool. Int~ntional red on Interior

22.4//11'111. A,I?onl P 2425.1. fr .. from Alhens. PI. 25,1. Fig. x.Pres. 11. U.06. D. oftlange eSl . ..:a. O.I:!. About half the lo"'er part

of the ('onca,'c wall and a section of tripanile foot including aboutholf of one notch. The foot profile \'aries from the usualPenlill..'!ilean tn>e. The base line of the receptacle does nOI slopeimmediatel)' into the fOOl but first makes a slighl step.

The Veil Painter. Women: ARV. 906.113.,

23. A/lwm. AgurII P4734. fr .. of lid. from Athens. PI. 32.2.Knob missing. D. est. ca. 0.17. Base of knob raised above surface

of lid and decorated wilh debased tongue and dot.I hi tongue and dOl. \·enical. circumscribed palmclI~ linked to

101U~ llo\'lcrlo. black band. nopped interlocking maeande~ ingroups of 1\\0 scpaf:ltt.'l1 h}' four·poinled slars. Side or lid: laurel\Irtalh (tie presened) thcn tiny tongues belo"'.

Penlhcsilca W\,rk~hop. probablY:1 lid for a \\hile ground pyx;s.Athen~, Agora. surface lind.

24. BruIlnm 28911 u"J 289h. fr .. of lid from Brauron.Venical circumscribed palmetles \\ ith leaf abO\'e and bclo\\ in

spandreh. circums.cribed palmelles linked 10 low) fltlwcr" wilhdots in \olutes of lotus. laurel. SiJt' l!/lid: egg and dart.

Red·figure. probahly a lid for a while ground pyxis. The patternSare simil:lr to those u!>Cd by PenlhesiJeans but not in this sequence.The formulation of the pattern on the side of the lid has no exactparallel 10 m} kno'" ledge.

COMPARE

Llln'rlll' A1urkn.H. 0.097. H. with lid 0.13. D. 0.085.Domed knob. conca'"e. lripanite foot.Lid. net pattern. laurel. debased tongue (black). Side o} lid. ray'!..

MOUlding. then two lines above and below frieze.

White ground: Arrival of Paris and Helen at Troy?: AT:I A"tiquQAG. Auktion V. 0\',7. 19M. no. 134. pI. XXXVII. Influenced bythe Penthesilea Workshop in profile and pla~ment of dttorath'celements. For the foot profile compare Athens. Agora P 24253 (no.20) and Cambridge 4.1943 (no. ]). For the knob er. HarvardIQ25.30.39 (pI. 54.3) of the class of that name.

The Pcnthesilea Painter and his followers are kno.....n pr1nlariJ~

for their decoration of cups and secondarily lor stemless cups.o;kyphoi and pyxides.1 Beazley distinguished a score of hands in this~orkshop and emphaloizcd that collaboration between ..... 0 artistson one cup was frequent. Unfortunately no single pOller's signatureremains eitlu:r on a cup or pyxis. Blocsch named the class of cupsas the "Drcikantgruppe" after Ihe significant form of the footprofile.J

The form of pp,is type A chara(urislic of this .....orkshop firslappears around 465-460 B.C. Its most prominent features are a10llg body. concave walls slightly slrengthened towards the baseand a Iripartitc funt with low rounded notches. Thc sections of Ihefoot are generally unequal in idth. The fool is resen'cd ..... ilh ablack base band (.....ithin and ilhOul) and a black band runsaround the foot above Ihe heads of Ihc notches. The fmu is simplyframed above and below by glazed or resen'ed lines. The lid is natwith a slanling edge completing Ihe concave curve of the body and

covering the inset flange at Ihe lOp 01 the body of the vase,Several phases may be noted in lhe de,'elopment of the

Penthesilean p)'xis. lype A. from the time of ilS formal ion around465-460 B.C. and its proliferation in the 45C)'s by follo~ers of thePenthesilea Painler. A ncv.· stage in the use of the fundamentalcanon is evident around 440 B.C.

The first grouping of pyxides from the Penthesilea Workshopshows the manifestation of one canon of forms but considerablediversily in details and measurements. The diversity is probably theresult of a large number of artislS .....orking in one shop. A largeproportion of .....hite ground pysKles known to us date fronl the firstefflorescence of this shop.

Tllc ..... hite ground pp;i" b)' the Penthesilea Paintcr in New York

(pI. 2O.ll is lhe central piece of the class.· 11 !turpasses the rest incareful attenlion 10 the articulation of !turfaces and in the balall(_"\,of ~ hne ground and red·figuR elements. The knob is of a domed'ihapc di' ided bclo~ b) a horizontal gt(xwe: Ihe "Icm is raisedslighll) 3oo\e the surfact: of the lid, Wh3t follo\\cn. made of such :I

knob 1ll,1} b{' scen by looking al Berlin 2261 (PI. 26), Munich 2721(PI. Iq.l) and 'oIor!t{' still Oxford 1%1.408 (PI. 3td),

The cardinal fe:lture oflhe !thape is the long conca\e cun·c of the\\all strenglhened bUI linle at the base. From the base the \\albcunoe dO'oln\\ard .. ln form a tripartite fOOl \\ith rounded notches.

_The ~ide of the lid is decorated \\;th a wreath of laurel. This is anunllsu:ll fe:llUre rept:<lted only in the pyxis (no, 7) by theSpl:lllehnuj)1 Painter and a fragmentary lid Athens. Agora P 4734(no. 211, Thc lid is carefully eXl.'Cuted in tL'<I-ligure in vivid contra.\otto lhe ~hite ground body. a feature follo\\ed in other \\hile groundboxes b! the Pcnthesilca Workshop. 011 the undersides of lhe boxalllt l'O\l~r are ('Oncentric circle'\ '01 ith a c{'ntral dot. The undersidesof receptacles trom Ihe workshop are almost invariably SIl

decorated" The "c:.reely emphasized concave curvc at lhe base wa'ia fealUre Ihat \\:lS \oon to be much strengthem.."d by follo""ers ofIhis potter. The somewhal unrewh"ed balancing of the cur"e at lOpand bottom is rendered clearly in a drawing by H:lmbid~.5

No p}xis reproducC"i the measurements and Ihe cx:lc1 shape oflhe \3.\oe b) the Ilclllhcsilea Painter. A certain diS(;lnC'c seh off thbppb lrum tho!>c close'i! to il. Ancona 3130. louHe MNB 1286 tPI.20.21. Munich 272\ and Alhell!> 1288 (nos, 2·5), In each the COIIl'a\{'cun-e 01 the wall!> ha'i bl,.'C1I intcnsified 1O~'ards the basc. '1 hetripartllC loot is similarly shaped though the rounded notches arcIllote l'a'\uall~ fnrl1lt:d in the Ancona. Athens and Munich vases. AllhaH' the black gla£ed ba.\oC moulding. though Ihal of Munich i..l't.lIdel} cxaggerated. The frieze is framcd by gla£e lines abm'e andbelow in the case uf the white ground vases and by rcserwd lill{'sIOr the red-figure \"ases. Slight variations should be notcd. ThelouHe pp:is halt a \\ ide black band belo\\ the lower gla£e lin{'\isuall~ IIJlcn~il~il1)! the tcrmin'ttion of lhe concan: cune of thl'\lOll!!.. -I he Ancon:l pp:is h:ls a simple glaze line but sel as if a IO\lcrr'lltcrn border ':':j bet' .... ;llIendcd. Indeed slll'h a fe.l.\ure became

THE AtTIC Pvns52

common aI a later date. These vases ~crc decorated byPcnthesiJeans. The LoU\TC PYllis was painted b}' an artist "perhapsconnected with the SOIhcby Painter,'"

The BaltImore while ground pyxi'i (no. 8. PI. 221 by the SothebyPainter7 should be closely connected ..... ith the first grouping andl:~pt'cially ~ith Louvre MNB 1286. The walls of the p)'xis arcas}'mmetrical \\ith the consequence that one side ha~ a flallerconcan~ cun'e with greater strengthening 31 the base. The otherside prescllI!o a I~ complicated CUTve. The elements framing thefrieze resemble those of the white to:Tound vases Lom'rc MNB 1286.md Boston 65.1106 (no. 11). The greater height of the foot. tallslender stem and disk knob with bUllon differentiale it from theforegoing examples. Athens 2188 and Geneva 10703 share the!>cchara{"teristic~.

Athens 2188 tno. 9, PI. 23)' has been damaged greatly and thebox mended from many fragments. Ho",e\'er, the complete profileof the vase has been preserved on one side, It is 3:lo)'mmetrical andthe cro',~.-ningbutt\ln of the knob ofT-center. The base uf the stem israised abo\'e the le\'el of the lid as in the Baltimore pp:is. Thilo

ppis decorated by the Painter of London 0 12, with Its slenderstem and disk with button handle and tall foot would appear alsoto belong tu the first grouping.

Geneva 10763 (no. 11)' was shaped more hastily as may be seenin the oO'-center placement of the knob on its slender stenl. Theheight of the stem and foot connect it with Athens 2188 andBaltimore 48.2019. The careless quality of the decorationcorresponds to the poller's 'A'ork. The Baltimore vase should bedated to about 460-4SO D.e. Cardul polter's work is characteristically underlined by the differentiation bct\\'een the le\'el of thebase of the stem and [he surface of the lid. The style of the figurework, simple framing elements and mythological subject mallercorroborate the date, Mythological subjects appear on pyxides fromthe Penthesilea Workshop of circa 460-450 B.e., but later scenes ofwomen in the home predominate. The height of the stem and knobpoint to a slightly later stage of de\'elopmem manifestcd in Athens2188 and panicularly Geneva 10763 whcn thc canon is usedcasually and without much thought. as is typical of followers of the

potter 01 the PenthesiJea Workshop around 450-440 D.e.The \.\ hite ground pyxis in Bcrlin (no, 10, PI. 20) by the Yeii

Paillter b connected by the height of ill> stem and knob and foot tothe la~t mentioned !:rtlUp. A glaze line frames the frieze above andhelo" and an outer frame is formed b) a black band se1 lIeXl 10each. Such framing elements arc identical '" ith those seen 0118ahimore 48.2019, Louvre MN8 1286 and BO!'iton 05.1166. Thesqual proponions and shon ConC3\'C cun'e of the \\alls come as asurprise. as does the widcl) proj«ting lid. The lid, hO'At'\er.assuredl) belonglo to the vase. The underside of the lid is reddenedand d«orated by a dot within a small circle with a widersurrounding circle, '1 he design on the bottom of the l:onlainermatL'lleo; that undcr thl.' lid wilh the additiun of Ilnc 1Il0re outercircle. I he lid. in addition. i~ well filled to the container. The ray'ornamentlllg the outer wm'a\'e flangc of the lid ;Ire identical" ithBaltimore 48.2019.

P)Xide~ of types B, C and 0 occasionally bear matching gralTition lid and box." '" hile pyxides of type A ne\'cr do to Ill)knolloled~c.1I HOIloe\'er, ~metimclo there are matching seb ofClln('Clllric drclelo on the underside of lid and box in type A. 1 hebox almo!>t im'ariably bears these designs. When the lid bears am:uching !>ct of circles it seems secure that box and lid bcloll!:.Ho\.\cvcr, many lids are merely rcscned, though evidencc Ill' pallemborders. eolor of clay and fit indil:atl:lo a match. The probllblcexplanation lies in lhe loading of the kiln. If many pyxido ",ere tobe tired in the gi\cn kiln batch. matl;hing marks on lid and boxwould he a convenience, \\hile if fev. there ",ould be little nct.·cloloil).

Another possibilit) is the degree of care expended on theornamcntation of a \'a~. The puller of Berlin 2201 cenainly kne\\the canon illld the ac\"'ompanying pattern accenb but experimentedin a diflcrent directioll. The date lies between 460 and 450 H.C.

An unallributed pyxi!>, lIoston QJ.I08 (1111. 12. PI. 27),apprual'llC<; the squat proponionlo and tall foot of the Berlin pyxis.The as)lIlll1ctrical dil>k knob with bUllon on a squat stem bcarl> noresemblance 10 the elegantly executed Berlin cxample. The ha<;t)figure "'ork corresponds to the degree of carc exhibited in thePOllcrv.ork.

THE ATTIC Py:us54

complete" the curve of the .... alls. The upper surface of the lids mayeither be Oat ..... ith a clear differentiation bet.... ccn the base of rhestelll of Ihe knob and the le\'el of the lid (as in nos. I. 8-9) or thisanlculalion mal' be present and Ihe lid slope from the center to theouter lodge as in Berlin 22bl (PI. 261 and Athens 1741 (PI. 281. AIcs~ l,'arclul potter's \ariation on this theme n\3) be sccn in .... hichthe Slelll of the knub blends into the sloping surface of the lid as in80\1On Q3.IOB (pI. 271. Honolulu 3598 (pI. 29) and Oxford 1961.468(l'1. .lb.3).

The IKls are embellished by three concentric bands of patterns.th"- middle band being the largest. The use of similar componentssimilarly placl.-d h )triking. T.....o main pattern groups lIIay bedistinguished. as .....ell as one sub-group. In the first group. the carein the e\t'('ution of the pattern .....ork is exceplional. The innermostelemenl is a tongue and dot band. The .... ide mKldle element iscomptl'Cd of circumscrilx:d palmeul.~ linked one 10 the next (PI.30.2).16 This element ()('('urs se\'en time)11 including an eumple ona different nlodel. a p)'Xis. type A. by a Penlhesilean in the uJU\'re(PI. 31.11.1' Circumscribed palmeucs also occur on a lid b)' anoul\idl·r.·' 01 slightly different profile and a pear-shaped knob.

'1 Ill' hllfder is conlposcd of groups of interlOCking maeandcr) andsill):le crO)~ squares. Berlin 22bl (PI. 30.2). Boston 98.887 andu)u\re L 55 (PI. 31.1) ha\'e this fealure. The Ne..... York pyxi'i by thePeuthcsilea Painter has interlocking maeanders interspersed wilhsahin''i and once a cross square. The Serpicri white ground pyxisby the Splanchnopt Painler. has 3 further variant. groups of six or5e\en interlocking maeanders !>Cparated by four pointed stars. Thetondos of cups decorated by the Penthesilea Painter and hisfol1owef'i are bordered by maeanders and cross squares. Fewerero~s squares appear in these cup borders than on Ihe lids. zo

In conjunction with these three main components. onc or twoblack bands are used as accents.

A fragmentary pyxis lid oftypc A. Athens. Agora P 4734 (no. 23.1'1. .12.21. has a profile similar to the Penthesilea Workshop. The(llll"r edge of the lid has a conca\'e cun'e and the pattern\demraling the lid are similar to tho~e 011 the Serpieri pyxis by theSplanchnopl PaiJ1ler (no. 7). rhe innermost clement. tongue anddot. is lallowed by circumscribed palmettes linked to lotus nowers

THE ATIIC PvXIS

The Mt. Hol)o!...: pp.il> Ino, 13. PI. 30.1) and Athens 1741 (no.14. PI. 28) belong to this rather commonplace !c\'cl.

Mention should also be made here of a pp:is in Honolulu (no.IS. PI. 29) and another in Manchester (no. lb. PI. 31.2).11 ThefI.'lanl·hester pyxis has a long l'onCa\'e eune strengthened <It theha'>I,' (11 :.buut the )lage s«n un the Ancnna p)'xis: that of Honolulu3598 is more attenuated. A line marked ofT the lower l1ange of theAncona py:cis while here the space is tilled b)' a pattern border. Theopposed triangles .... ithin triangles of the Honolulu pyxis border areunique: the laurel border on the Manchester \'ase is a motiffrequently seen on lids from this .....orkshop. The knob of Honolulu3598 is a rather mechanical reduction of the domed knob .... ith agr()()\'c around the I()\l,er part seen on the New York pp;is. ".,ith theaddition of an upper button. The rays ornamenting the lid Oangerecall )imilar treatment on Baltimore 48.2019 and Berlin 2261.

A fragmentary red·figured pyxis. t)·pe A. by the Vcii I'ainter.comes from [)elos.IJ The lo.....er pan of the conca\'e curw of the wallis presen'ed ....,ith the lower Oangc emphasized by a pallern borderof ra)'s. The !'ClOCn'ed fOOl is tripartite .....ilh low rounded notchesand a crudely formed base moulding glazed black much as inMunich 2721. The loot shape and allendant framing is perhaps theclearest index of the potting .....ork of the Penthesilea Workshop. I.The date is around 450 D.e.

The Oxford fragment of a white ground pyxis. 1929.754 (no. 19.PI. 25.21 by the Painter of London 0 12 may be assigned. bUI ..... ithI.." ,·crtitude. to the Hrst stage of the Penthesilca Workshop. Theconcave cune does not form an invariable index of the type (cf.Han'ard 1925.3O,39Ino. I on p. 78. PI. 54.31. and Toledo 63.29 [no.2 un p. 78. PI. 54.21 by the same painter). IS However. the diameter0.115 i~ very cluse 10 that measured for the rim of Athens 2188(0.113-0.114). whereas the rim dimension for the unea.nonicalHarvard pyxis is much less (0.08). Also. the thickness of the fabricresembles that of the full·sized canonical shape. A simplc blackhand forms an upper border for the frieze as in Athens 2188 (pI.2.1). while both lack the glaze circle below it to match such a circlebeneath the frieze,

The lids of the pyxides from the Penthesilea Workshop ha\'C adistincti\'c profile. The conca\'e outer edge of the lid continues and

SAll,Y RUTHERFURD RO.ERTS 57

and the Quter border is composed or groups of two macanders.each l:roup separated from the nexl by a four pointed star. Twoblack bands set oIT the borders. The side of the lid has a laurel.....reath with a narrow band of tungues belo",", It would seemprobable from the profile and patterns of this lid that it belongL"dto a pyxis of the firsl stage of the I'enthesilea Workshop.

The second pallern group is more numerous Ihan the tint. Inthis group of lids 3 prcfcrcnct= is shown for a laurel or laurel andberry v.reath for the main band. Tv.o IKb exemplif} the carefultreatment noted in the first p3t1ern group but roll~ iog this thecare ",,jlh y,hich the patterns h:l\e bt.-en executed has declined. 11seems po'isihlco Ihal these examples dale from drru 450 D.e. Thearrangement of three conC't'n1ric bandJ> of ornament around thettnlral knob continues. The innermost elenlent is romposed of ader;\'ath'e of Ihe tongue pallern. either debased tonguCJ>. tongueand dOl. or line and dol. The outer border shows a greal variationin motifs. no one pallern predominating. Thc use of one or t.....oblu(:k band .. for a(:(:cntuation (:ontillue...T~o of the ~h;te ground p)xidcs. Baltimore 48.2019 (no. H) and

Lou\'fc MNB 12H6 (no. 3. PI. 33.1). Ihe one b)' the Sothcb) p.. interand lhe olhe:- b)' an artist perhaps connected with him. sho~ thecareful execulion of pallern borders characteristic of the tirslgroup. A laurel wreath forms the middle OOrder. The centralseclion of lhe Lou\'rc lid b, misJ>ing. By analog)' "'ilh Baltimore4H.2019 and olhers in "'hi(:h the stem broadens OUI into a baseraised aOO\'e lhe Ic\el of the lid. such a 'item base and accenlualionbelween levels ma), be reslored for lhe LoU\'re lid. The {'hoke ofmacandcr and erns....quarc fur lhe outer boni.·r of the 1.... 0 1id~

conneClS lhem "ilh the firsl pallern group. Alhens 1288 (no. S. PI..1.1.2). h.llo a J>chclllc of decoration \'ery cloloc fO Ihal of Ihe LOLl\'fe. atongue and dol. a laurel garland .md 3n outer border ofinterlocking maeander and dOlled cross square. The hastyexeculion of Ihe pllllcrns is markt:d.

Athens 2188 (no. 9). Munich 2721. Boston 93.108. and SouthHadle)' (no. 1.1. PI. 34.1). h;I\'e.1 \'arialll pattern of laurel and rai..edwhite berr)' for the main border. The laurel on Ihe Boston andSoulh Hadle)' lids is tied at the ends like a wreath. Th{' outerborders arc varied. debased tongues for Athens 2188. longue and

B{/~((", 98.887. from Eretria. PI. 34.3.H. 0.107. H. with lid 0.176. D. ofJid 0.146.Lid: black band. tongue and dOl. black band. circumscribed

palmelles. maeanders ill groups of six separated by cross squarcJ> .black band. Sidt' ~(Iid: re"crsed rays. black band. 801lum: dol.t"O concentric circles. and band. Black glaze moulding. whilegroove. hlack line above frieze: be/v\\': three black lines and blackband.

Hesiod Painter. v.hite ground: Muses and ncatherd (Hesiod?)lopccial commission: ARV 774.1: CB. 1. pI. 15.37; PurulifJ()lt/etla416.

dot for South Hadley. double dots for Munich 2721 and a line anddot band for Boston 93.108.

The lids of Vienna 3720 by the Painter of Lundon 0 12. Oxford1%1.468 (PI. 35) b)' the pailller of Bologna 417. Athens 1591 (PI.J-I.2) and Gene\Ca 10763 by the Group of Athens 1591 sho.... a hast)'.ahnO§t mechamcal rendition of Ihe pattern borde~. Debasedtongue pattern frames the main pattern border of laurel on IheVienna. Mhens and Gene'·a lids. T~o plain black bands frame thelaurel pal1ern of the Oxford lid. fullu"cd by an outcr border ofrays. The shape of these pyxides !ieenlS tran.sitional and the) ma)d~tc bet~ct'n 450 and 440 B.e

T"o pyxis lids. Honolulu 3598 (no. 15. PI. 37) and Athens 1741(ml. 14. PI. ]8) are ornamented with a different principal pattern.Lolll!> buds arc linked b) arcs ~ith dots set ahO"e and below in Ihespaces. The Honolulu lotus patlcrn is cardessl) executed and lacksdOls anlOng the outer an:!Io. The outer pallern border is composedof a Lig~ag line containing opposed triangles. This pallernreappean in the border below the frieze. This coordination of apallern band on the lid wilh another on the box is unusual. ThelolU~ chain border occurs again among vases of the PenthesileaWo;kshop 11.

Before "e take Iea\e of the first Pcnthesileans. mention shouldbe made of a fine white ground pyxis in Boston. decorated by theHesiod Painter. a {'tllltcmporary of the Penthesileans but in hisslyle an outsider.

59SALLY RUTHEI.'UIID ROeEI.T5THE Arnc Pnu58

THE ATTIC" Pn::l~ SALLY RUTHIE.FURD ROBEJtTS 0'

COMPARE THE SINGLETONS

Paris. Cabinet des M~ailles 864. from Athens?

lacunae.H. 0.098. D. at rim 0.083. H. of foot 0.026.Black band. resened groU\e abm'e frieze: belo..... resened hne.

Hulwm dOl and tYoU concentric circles.

\cii Painter.women.ARV. 906.114.

PI. 36.1. Fig. 6a.fragments leaving some

5, Vi.·mlll 3720.H. 0,095. H. with lid 0.143. D. 0.117.Lid debased tongues. laurel. debased tongues, .Black band. reserved groove abo"c frieze; below: re5crved IlIlc.

Houn",: dot and black circle.Painter of London 0 12. women: ANV. 963.88: C;VA. Austria

I. Vienna I. pI. 49. 7-10 and pI. 50.3.

Brauron 77. from Brauron.lid missing. H. 0.083. D, est. 0.09.Resen'ed flange for lid. concave wall. Iripartite. convex foot.

Reserved band abo\'e and below frieze.Red-figure. Actaeon. Lilly G,-Kahil. "Quelqu~s ~ases du

Sanetuaire d'Arte"mis a Brauron." Amike Kunst, Belhelt I. 1963,

!l0. 40. plo 13.2. Profile drawing does not show the loot as notche~.

1 he profile and dimensions are similar to the class. However. It

dilfers in the form of the fuol. Special commission.

4, Ba~lc. Beck,Lid missing. H. 010. Upper D, 0.083.W,esened line abo\'e and below frieze.flmtf)II/: dot and circle,I~aintcr of London E 777. women: ARV. 944.80: Miill:{'1I I/tU!

M"lfllill.'1I AG" Auktioll XVI. June 30.1956. pI. 34.137.

J- At/It'tU. AROru P J,ljH9. from Athens.lid missing. Booy mended from many

2. AiI'P/U /59/, PIs. 34.2 :md 36,2,H, 0.085. H...dth lid 0.13, D. O,OS,Lill tongue and dot. laurel. Hollgue and dot.Burru",: dot and concentric circle.Black band. reserved Iinc. abo\e frieze: befoll': resern'd line.Group of Athens 1591. women: -tRY. 955.1: Cc.. 1557. pi, 47.

BOIh in shape and in ornament this piece proenls points ofsimilarity ~ith \'ases produced in the Penlhesilea Workshop andcertain significanl differences. The profile of the \'a~ e~hibits aconca\e curw slrengthencd at the base and completed b) theuutward curw of the lid. The foot is tripartite ~ith roundednOlches. Lid designs closely resemble those of Berlin 226 I (no. 10.PI. 30.2) by the Vcii Painter.

The differences are as follO'o's: a pear knob rcplaces the usualdisk knob with cruwning bUllon. In all but ,lIle exanlplc in thework of the Penthesilea Workshop the l'onCa\'e tun'e of the prolileof the box is echoed by a conC3\'e curve of the fuul. There is asloping line which descends from the base of the receptacle Iu thefool. In the Hesiod pyxis the base line of the reccptade rUIlShorit.untillly across to the fool. Thi" detail may be dearly seen inlIambidge's drawing,ll The Hesiod Painter is an outsider. 1101 aPCllIhesilean: the \'as(' has been dated 460-450 B,e. by Bc:rzley.nNo doubl the roller who thrello' the vase was familiar ~ ith the lIoorkof his ncighbors. though not uf their ~orkshop.

CLASS OF OXFORD 19hIAtl8:'1 RANSITIONAl

I. OXford f96f .468 (ex Banisler Fletcherl. Pis. J6.J and J5.H. 0.095. H. with lid 0.145. D. at rim 0.OS7. D_ of lid 0.125. H. of

foot 0.025.Lid black hand. laurel IIorcath. black band. ray... /lilt/m", dot.

eoncenlric circle. lIoider concentric cirde.Black glazed moulding. rescncd line abow frie7e: bdulI':

rescnl,<l line.Painter uf Bologna 417. woman seated. woman running 110 ith a

sash, ~tllllal1: also a door, a column and a palm tree: ARV.917.202.

PENTHESllEA WOHKSHOP 11

Lid missing. H. 0.10. D. at rim 0.096. H. of foot 0.023.Black band. reserved line above frieze: beloll': t'est'I"\'ed line.

black band.8uttom: dotted circle and concentric circle.Painter of London 0 12. women: ARV. %3.89: A. de Ridder.

Cutu/aXlte des Van-s pe'-"'s dj' la Blhliotheque Nu/iul/a/", p. 507.fig. 122.

I. A,hellS 1661 (CC. 1563). from Eretria. PI 40 F' ob. . Ig. .H. 0.124. H. wilh lid 0.183. D. III rim 0.107. D. of lid 0.135. H. of

foot 0.03.

Lid: debased tongue and dol. black hand. laurel. black band.Z.s. Sit/I' uf lid: black glaze with hori.wntal grc)(wc. Lid i/l/I'rior:rc!>en'ed; bouom: dot and IWO concentric circles.

Black glazed moulding. reserved grOO\'e above frieze: bdull': raysbel\\een IWO reserved bands.

The Long Chin Group ..... oman: AHV. 1221. I.

.3S~, I y RlITH£RF\;RO RrlllERTC

4. P(/r;5. LOIlI'rt> CA 6.16. from Eretria. Ph. 41 ,2 and 47.1.11. 0.124. H. with lid 0.179. D. at rim 0.108. D. of lid 0.15. H. nf

foot 0.03. sct·tions of fool: 0.08.0.089. 0.07t1.I id dehased tongue and dot. black band. laurel, black band.

deblbed longue and duI. Lld fllIl'n'o,' re~ned: bonum trace ofcircle and pnhaps ..mall central circle under ]iml' dcpmil.

Blad glazed moulding. groo\c. racncd line abm'e frieze: bdol\"ra)s bcl.... een resc.... ed band!>.

Painter of Hcidclbcrg 209. Pelias and his daughlers; AR V. 1289.25: Seehan. /:/Ild,,!> ~/I' la TruJ.:/dh' Gr('('qlle. 479-480. fig. 1.17.

J. ('lImfm(/g., 4./9-1.1.

Jid mi!>sillg. H. 0.123. D. al rim 0.11.1. H. of foot 0.026.Moulding. groove, rc~en'ed line abovc fricl.c: belllll'; hand of

IOlIgu~ :1I1d line betw"cn re~ervcd lines.l1ullll!ll' dOlled drc1e. concentric circle and b:'lIld.Curtiul> Painter. woman seated with lyre. and lOoomall: girl

dancing. lOoomall seated playing the flule and woman seated; ARV.935.75. For the 1001 profile ef. Athens. Agora P 24253. Fig. Se.

2.411t..,uI707(CC.I5S9). PI. 41,1.H 0,13, H..... ilh lid 0.18. D. of lid 0.153.LIlI debased tongue and dOl. laurel and bert). black band. ra)"S.

SI./t· or lid gla7ed .... ilh horizonlal groo\"C~. HQI/um uJ fl!(,f'plac!f',

dot and l-oncentric circle.Rat black moulding. rcsened groO\e aboH~ frieze; bf:'1ul\'

dehased tongue and dot bet.... een rest'T\"ed bands.Painter uf London D 12. women: A~?V. 963.90.

5. Muy.·I/I·.·. Unil">r\ill' 116. PI. 43.3.11 ~ith lid 0.181.I id rkba..cd tongue :1nl! dOl, laurel and herry. black band.

1ll1leandct"> alternaling ~ilh eros" squares.Ulal'k band. resened line abolc Iricze: hdOl": laurel and berry.KAAH inscribed by each figu,e.I he Oppenhcimer Group. Heslia: .....oman seated with torch. and

foul' .... Omen approaching her; woman seated. anlt .... oman.

THF ATTIC Pv<r'~

Five pyxides form a subgroup ~ilh;n the Penthcsilca WorkshopI, 011 account of their small dimensions. The}' are all painted byPcnthcsilcam.. who decorated pyxides. Iype A. of the larger.standard size. The}' resemhle their larger countcrp:IrIS ;1\ mostrespects. Womanly pursuits ill the home form the subject JlHlller.simple rescro:ed lines frame the frieze and the tripartite foot isrC'ierved with 10..... rounded notches. A tendency 10 exaggcrutc thecuncave CUl'\'e toward the base may be noted especially ..... ith regardto Oxfl'rd 1961.468 (P1.J6,3). Athens 1591 (PI. 36.2) and Ba~lc. Thistendency and Iheir noticeably smaller dimensions probably indicalea date around 4SO-44O B.C. Smaller size and the slrcngtheninH ofIhe concave CUl'\'C toward Ihe base are characleristics of a classdefinitely dated 10 440 B.e. and later. Ihe Class of Munich2720. The exaggeration of the cun'e is characlerislic of va~s 01 thePemhesilea Workshop 11 and of the Class of Wurzburg 542. Thepotting of these vases is at a low level. as may be noted in Ihecasually formed disk knobs and low. wide notches.

·2

11. 0111.'1' LOl/do/l Murkf'l. Christie. PI. 43.1.H. 0.111. H. with lid 0.169. D. at rim 0.089. D. of lid 0.131. H. of

foot 0.03.

Black glazed moulding. resened line above frieu; below' groove.sloping keel articulated by a moulding and a groo\e on either sideof a sloping section decorated with che'rons.

Painter of London E 777. women: ARV. 943.78.

8 his. Brut/m" /76 fr .. from Brauron.Inset flange for lid. moulding. then narro.... groo,e and about t.... o

thirds of .....all prcsen·cd.Red-figure. women. profile of Penthesilea Workshop 11 similar to

that of Louvre G 605 (Fig. Od).

.5SAllY RUTHEIIFUJU) R08EIITS

10. Paris. LUIII'rl' LP 2692. from Athens. Pis. 42 and 46.1. Fig. 6c.Lid mended from three fragmenb and box from many with some

reSlOration. A large fragment of the bOllom of the receptacle hasbeen restored in plaster. H. 0.116. H. with lid 0.169. D. at rim0.107. D. of lid 0.135. H. off001 0.032. Lid belongs m.

Lid: rays. laurel. black band. Liel intf'riur: reserved; bottom:same.

Black band with hHJ rcsen'cd lines above frieze; belo\\': resen'edline.

Workshop of Pcnthesilea Painter: Undetermined. womcll andmaid

,9. London £ 78/. from Athens. PI. 44.

H. 0.128. H. with lid 0.179. D. at rim 0.114. D. of lid 0.146. H. offoot 0.034.

Lid. egg pattun between black bands. boar and lion confronted.repeated: egg. Lid illtl'riur: dOl. circle. band: bottom. same.

Black moulding. resen'ed line aOOn: frieze; h(>/Ok" eggs between~ned bands.

Red·figure. Eros. }'outh and woman. Eros and woman. ENS andv.oman: Smith. CutuloN"t' ofOrc('k and Etruscan VaSI'S. Ill. 370.E 781. The egg pallern has a black core with double borders.

ARV. 1224.2: Hampc and Simon. Gri('chisches LI,bl'II im Sl'il'gf'lI/l'r K III/~t. pI. 28.

THE ATTlr PyXIS

O. YIlII' 1913./53.Knob mb~ing. H. 0.115. D. 0.089. D. of lid 0.128.Lid. egg. black band. egg and duI, blal-k band. egg and dol. Lid

il/ft'r;ur: resened; bottom: dot and concentric circle.Black glazed moulding. resened band abo,'c frieze: bl'/o\l': egg

and dot bctv.cen rcsencd bands.KAAH is inscribed on a block to the left of Ihc door on v. hich a

A'oman is seated.Painter of London E 777. v.omen: AR V. 944. 83: Baur.

Cotulogue of ,h,. R,.bt>Cco D. Stoddaro Coi/«,io" o} Gn'i'le andItaliall VUS,.s ill Yult> U,lil·t>rsit)'. 103. pI. 12.

7. London £ 777. Pis. 4S and 39.H. 0.13. H. wilh lid 0.191. D. of lid 0.157.Lid: debased tongue and dot. lotus buds pointed outv.ards linked

by arcs above and below (dOlS above and lines extending from budshelov.). black band. interlocking maeander in groups ofrive and SLt(once se"en) alternating v. ilh cross squan.~. Sidt> of lid: rays. blackband. Black glaze moulding. resen'ed groove abo\'c fricze: belo.....:black band. egg and dOl between resen'ed bands.

KAAOl:KAAH is inscribed twice in the field and KAAH tv.ie.: alonc.

Painter of London E 777. women: ARV. 944. 79: C. Snlith.COIuluglll' uf Gref·1e olfd Etnl,fcal/ VaSI'S ill Ihl' Bn'lish MIlSf'IW'.Ill. 309. E 777.

8. Paris. LOlIl'rl' G 605. from Greece. PI. 46.2. Fig. 6<1.lid missing. box mended from man) fragments. One foot intact.

base of second restored and third entirely restored. One third oflower keel reslon.'{1. The black glaze cm'cring the exterior of thefoot is a modcrn addition: originally it was reserved with a blackbase moulding on thc cxtcrior and a black band within.

H. 0.128-0.13, D. at rim 0.11. H. of foot 0.03.IJollom: dot and concentric circle. circle. red hand. circle.

by ;I figure in himaliun and t.....o running figures. the first onefcmol\c \loith sakkO!> and chilon. Profile as in Penrhesilea Workshop.Walllhicker than in Brauron 176.

e'l 4.fO H.C.

Around 4-W D.e. a different stage in the forming of pyxid~ oft)-pe A bt..'Comes apparent in thc Penthesilea Workshop. The \'asesan: of standard siLe and red-figure technique. There is no cvidencethat the production of while ground vases continued. The originalcanon has been exaggerated but is the basis for these later \ases.TIre canon prescribed a long body, a eonca\'c cun'e strengthened atthe ha~e. a tripartite foot with rounded notches, a disk knob withcro.... nillg button and a fricze bordercd by Iinel>. III lhe later vasesthe lOllnC3\e cllne is dra .....n in tov. ards the base of the vase and thenmuch inl'rea~ed. Compare the simple cun'e of Munich 2721 (PI.Iq,I), \Iilh the more pronounced cun'e of Athens 1661 (PI. 40). Thecxaggeration of the curve necessitated a further change in the fonnof a p:lttcrn border set belo..... the frieze. It usually consisted of aderi\athe of the tongue pallern or egg and dot. In the exceptionalcllse "here l>uch a border was not employed the consequentdi"tClnion of ligural or architectural elements may be discerned. Iti~ p.micularly e\'ident on Lou\·re LP 2692 (PI. 42). The Iov.cr part oftht: column has a distinct cun·e. E\'identl)', the painter sa.... thecsthctic ad\'antagc of confining the frieze to a rel3livel} Oat surface.The le\c1 of care e\'idenced in the ponerwork ne\er reachel> thatachic\'ed in the first slage of the Penthesilca Workshop but remainsat the :lxcrllge le\el exemplified by Munich 2721 (PI. 19.1). The diskknob "ith button rClaim the shape that \lo'as evoh'cd at th:1l st:lgl'.The lid profile has changed slighlly. The juncture of Ihe base of thelid .... ith the pot is \'ertlcal and suddenly slants out.... ard gi\ing theetlcct 01 a l>light hook. Athem 1661 (PI. 40) sho.... s this tendency\Iightly: ill London E 781 (PI. 44), the effect is pronounccd, TheILlpartite pallern band deeoration of the lids continues. Pride of\ll;h.'C i.. gi\en to the laurel .... reath. The paired lea\'cs are sloppily~h;Jpl'C! and lie c1use along the stem. as in LoUHC LP 2692 (PI.46 11. Hlal'k bands l'OIl1inuc to be used as acccllts. This stageappc;\~ hi lasl llnlil around 420 B.t'.

THE ATTIC PYxIS

Lid: debased tongue and dot. laurel. black band, rcsen'ed petals.Dot and concentric circle on bottom of receptacle.

GroO'·e. rtsen'ed band abo1le and belo.... frieze.Painler of Bologna 417..... oman seated r.. on diphrO' looking

back at double door. to right a .....oman mm'ing r.. but looking back.:1 Nikt.·. III the field fillets. sandals and t\lo"O kalathoi. For "tyle cf.

Oxford 1%IAbB (pI. 36.3) and Munich 2721. Jerome M. Eisenberg.An of tlH'AIIl'iellt World I. 110. 17: Cm. ChriJ"til'. April JOand MayI, 11:J74. no. 178. 1'1. lb.

12. l\fiuissiflpi P IOH tex D.M. Robinson). PI. 43,2.Knnh missing. about half the lid restored, H. 0,121. tutal H.

pres, 0.147, D, at rim 0,117, D. of lid 0.155. H. of foot 0.034,Lid: debased tongue and dot, black band, laurel. black band.

reserved petals. Sidt, of lid: glazed .... ith en'ed groove above frieze: be/o\\': eggs bct .....t ..en reserved

bands.Red-figure, .....omen and ErOl\: CVA, U.S.A, 7. Robinson

Collection 3, pI. Xl and pp. 19-20.

13, Tubillgl'lI E 156.Foot and bottom of pyxis restored in plaster. H. (including

restored foot) 0.135, Total H. pres. (including fragment of lid)0,143, D. at rim 0.103.

Lid: (pattern next to knob missing and upper portion of buds),lotus buds pointing outwards. linked by a~ and dOlled, blackband. resen'oo petals. SicJt· I..!( lid: laurel wreath. Lid illfl'riur:

resen'ed.Black band, resen'cd grOO\'e abO"e frieze; bl,/o.....: egg and dan.Aberdeen Painter. .....omen: AR V. 921. 38: e. Warzinger.

Griechi$che V(W'1I ill Tithillgl'lI, 53, 1'1. 36,

14. Bruuron 82, from Brauron.Lid missing. groove near top of .....all. Debased laurel pattern

below frieze,Red-Iigure, pair of winged chariot horses del>cending preceded

SAllY KUTHE'Rfl1RD ROBEaTS .7

London E 777 (no. 7, PI. 45) the name-piece. \ari~ some.... hatfrom the profile standard for this class. The sid~ of the pyxis ha\'ea much flattened conca\'e cune and the lo.....er flange isemphasized. The lo.... er decorati\'e border has been doubled, ablack band bet'llo'een reserved Iin~ is set abo\'e a band of egg anddol. The notch~ are tall, rounded and dra.... n in at the base. Thelid profile projects !>trungly beyond the box.

rhe '''3l1s of LouHe G 60S (no. It PI. 46.2). another ppisa\l'ribcd to the same painter, are more strongl)' flattened thanthlbC oflondon E 777. The 10"" er flange projects emphaticall)' andi anlculah:d by a black glazed moulding set off by resem:dgroO\C!i and then a sloping surface decorated .... ith chC'\rons. Thefurmulation of the lo.... er flange differs from that of the class andrncmbl~ that of London 1920.12.21.1 (PI. 49.1).

Ihe Jtlup-!>hapt.'d notches of London E 781 (no. 9, PI. 44), connectthi!> \asc .... ith London E 777 and Lou\"Te LP 2692. A horizontalgmU\e casuall}' indicated as a slighl step in.... ard!> on the disk knobconnects the !>ame thn.-e \'ases.

I he extra\'aganl1} exaggerah.'d ('un'e of the profile of Loune LP2b92 (nu. 10, PI. 42), allributed IQ an undetermined member of the"nrhhop of the Penthesilea Painter, indicates a date .... ilhin phase11 ul the .....orkshop. although the frieze is simply bordered b)'resened lines. The loop notch ....'!> alsu arc an indication of the latephase.

The colour of the lid is similar to that of the receptacle. It shouldbe nOh.-d. however, that though the lid fits, the edge lies a liuleinside Ihe contour line of the wall at the juncture of the box andlid. The transitional line from the body of the pyxis through to theprojecting hooked profile of the lid is not smooth as in London E781. Thus it cannot be taken as certain that the lid belongs.although colour. pallerns, knob type and profile arc characteristicof the workshop.

The conca\'e curve of the pyxis in the University of Mississippi(no. 12. PI. 43.2), is strong and the projection of the lower flangemore pronounced than on any olthcr vase of this class. The lowerIlange is decorated with a band of eggs between reserved lines as inLondon E 781. The lid, though extens;vely damaged. still preservesthe hooked prolile charaeterislic of the Penthesilea Workshop 11.

THE AlTK Inn

Athens 1707 (no. 2. PI. 41.1). probably the latest exta", pyxis oftype A b}' the Painler of London 0 12. is Ihe only one of his vaseswith a pallern border below the fr;e1.e. The conca\'e cune of theprofile is \'ery shallow .... ith a jut 10 Ihe lid which gi\'t~s apronounced hooked effect. The presence of a lower pattern borderand the emphasized lid profile are among the indications that thispyxis is later than a \'cry similar one in the Serpieri Collection (I'.47. no. 6), b} the same artist. The tigural work is hasty andhlTlllul;lic as i.\o characteristic of thi!> artist.

The conca\e cune of the walls of Athcm 1661 (no. I. PI. 40). ismon: pronounced. The .... alls are dra.....n in to.....ards the base andthen flare out strongly presenling a profile more f)'pical for thePenthesilea Workshop 11. The loy.er flange is decorated by a bandof ra}"S bet.....een irregular reserved lin ....'$. The notches in the fOOl arcwide, low and carelessly shaped. Although the long Chin Grouphas been ~paraled in style b}' Deazley from the Pcnthesileans,nthere i!> no doubt that b}' shape this pyxis belongs .....ith the utherslisted abO\'e, as is thc case also for nos. 4. 5, 9 and 12. eitherunattributed or decorated by painters outside the PenthesileaWorkshop.

The profile of Louvre CA 636 (no. 4. PI. 41,2) is extr:Jordinarilyakin to Alhens 1661. from the disk knob with a low cro.....ningbutton on a stem of medium height to the 10.......... ide notches in thefoot: the pattern border belo..... the frieze is also identical. Theartist, Ihe Painter of Heidelberg 209, is howe\'er an outsider. Thepainter here undoubtedly worked on a pyxis shaped by one of thepOllers for the Penlhesileans.

No. 5, in Mayence (PI. 43.3). presents much the same type ofproblem as Louvre CA 6.36. In profile it closely resembles Athens1661 and Louvre CA 636. Beazley attributed the vase to theOppcnheimer Group. who arc outsiders. The pyxis is of Sl3ndardsize, the curve exaggerated and a lower patlern border has beenadded.

Yale 1913.153 (no. 6) fits the criteria for this class and is ascribed10 a Penthcsilean, Ihe Painler of London E 777. The lower border isfilled by egg and dllt, a pallern which hereafler became a favorite.The three bands of egg pattern on the lid correlate with Ihe IO~'er

border.

SA ........ y RUTHERFURD ROIlERTS,.

The frieze represents three women approaching a door followed bya flying Eros." The vase is unattributed. The painter iscontemporary with the Orollol Painter, but ahhough they use manysimilar motifs their SI)'les ditfer markedly. A certain similarity maybe noted between the drallo'ing of the door on the Mississippi "astand Ihat of Munich 2720 by the Drouot Paintern (PI. 49.2).Further. the drapery riStS up in a flounce from the heel of arunning woman in bOlh. but the Drouot Painter's women alwaysturn their heads 10 look back whence they came. The poncr'ssignature on the limel of the door on the Mb.sissippi pyxis haspro\'ed 10 be a modern forgel')'. JI

The pyxis. Ttibingen E 156 (no. 12). by the Aberdeen Painter hasbeen senrely damaged. The fOOl has been entirely reslored inplaster and also the bottom of Ihe box. Two fragmenls of the lowerflange with a border of egg and dart ha\'e been presenied. Theheight of the box alone as restored is 0.135, probably dose to itsoriginal size. There sttms no doubl that the vase ~as of slandardsi7..e and originally had a canonical tripartite fool. The 10"'erpattern border suggesls as a corollary the exaggerated concavecurn of the .. ails. Similar egg and dart may be seen on two lebetesgamikoi attributed to Ihc Washing Painter and dated 430-420a.C.n

A laurel wreath form!!. Ihe main pattern band on the majorilY oflids from the Penthesilea Workshop It. as it did in thc second,more mediocre stage of the Penthesilea Workshop I. The quality ofworkmanship continues to decline. The lids of Alhens 1661. LouvreCA 63tl (PI. 47.1), Lou\'re LP 2b92 (PI. 4b,O, Mayence 116 andMississippi manifest the late form of paired leaves lying closelyalong thc slem. The leaVe!; lie limp and lifeless, no sap runs. Twoblack bands regularly accenwate Ihe main pallern. A IOngue anddot band surrounds Ihe knob wiln the exception of rays on LouvreLP 26C)2: the outer palterns vcry widely.

The laurel and berry pallern of Athens 1707 by the Painter ofLondon 0 12. seem rathcr to be linked wilh transitional lids sm'has Oxford 1%1.468 (PI. 35) and especially Vienna 3720. 21 Thelaurel of the London market vase (no. 11) is just as in Oxford; thereserved petals connect it wilh Ihe next group.

The llul('r border 01 rcsened pelals of the Mi\sis\ippi Pyxl~ (no.121 links it with Ihe earlier lid of Alhens 1741 (PI. 38), by Ihe Veiipolinl~r. rhe main pallern band of Athen~ 1741 is composed ofhnl..l-rl IlltuS bud~. This border also occurs on lIonolulu 3598 andumclnn E 777 lno. 7. PI. 39). in a less careful rendilion. Thelragllll'ntaf) lid of I"ubingen [ ISblt recalls Athcm 1741. bOlh inIhe poillt~ of ils 10lus buds linked by- arC'S and dOlled, Ihe accenting!;llacK !;land and the outer border of reserved petals.

A lutu~ bud chain with points dO~'n~ards may oftcn be seen on,hl' 11\.'('1.. .. of red·figured column·kralcn. A considerable number ofl' lumn-haters ~ ith such decoration come from tombs in the Vallerrchha atca al Spilla.)O

rhe main wne of Ihe lid of London E 781 tno. 9) conlains an3nimal fricLc: a buar .... ith snout dO~'n confronting a lion and arepeat of Ihe pair. The t~o pain are set tail 10 lail. The animalfricLc h placed bct.... I.'e1l two ron~ntric circk":!> of egg and dOlp;lIlcrn. The lid should be compared to Ihe lid of London E 77-1(PI 47.2). altributl."d 10 the Drouol Painler,u ~ith two pairs of liom31ld boars confronted hcl\lt.'ell band.. of egg and dot. The egg.. ha'·ebeen drawn on a slight slant in bolh ca!>t."'lJo. The lid of London E 774belongs to the class of Munich 2720, which has close amnitic~ ~ ithIhe Penthesilea Workshop 11.

The Painter of London 0 12, a Penlhesilcan, occasionallyd~·oratl.'d pyxis lids \lith an animal frieze. Two appear on pyxides01 t~pe A: onc canonical example in Ihe Serpieri collection tno. 6,on p. ·n abm'e)n depicts a liberally spotted panther springingHlward~ a bull followed hy a hoar. The olher pyxi.. , of uncanonicaltypc. is Harvard 1925.30.39 (PI. 4!s.2PI ~ith thrt.'e bulb walking in~eqllellce separated by 1"'0 boulders. 1 ~o additional animal friezn;lppear Ill! the tops of lids of pyxides of type B. one in Fulcla,l( theIltht.:r ,llle on the Vienna ll1arket.l~ Pair~ of animal.. , eonfronled. donot I~Cllr on the lid.. by the "ainlcr of London J) 12. The WeddingPallltcr. another Penthc~ilcan. once decor:lIed the lid of a PYX1\tYlw A (ull.:anonica1) ~ilh 311 animal frieze. 16

1 he three cOIll'entril' bands ot" egg pallern '" ith double border!>and dots in the inten;tices ldots missing in the inncrmO!>t circle).aCl'ented by two blal'k bands on Ihe lid of Yale 191.1.153 (no. 0). arc

70 THE ATTIC PVXIS SAllY RUTHERfURO ROBERTS "

CLASS OF MUNICH 2720

4. Heiddberg 51(21 (ex Parrish and RevelslOke). PI. SO.3.Lid missing. H. 0.083. D. at rim 0.074. H. of foot 0.025.

unprecedented. They coordinate I>:ith a similar band of egg and doton the lower flange; such decoration of the lower flange is frequenton pp;ides of the class.

7JSAllY RUTHERFURD ROBERT5

5. Lt'yd{'/1 KVH 157. from Cyrcnaica. PI. 51.2.Knob missing. H. 0.112-0.115. totul H. pres. 0.134. D. al rim

~.095-0.099. D. of lid 0.132-0.133.Lid- egg and dot, black band. laurel. black bund. egg and dot./Jl'lfl\l' frit'u': egg and dot between reserved bands.Buttum: doucd circle. circle. band.Compared with the work of the Drouot Painter. Ero!> and

","oman. Eros and woman. In the lield. a door between the IWO

groups; ARV. 1223. The egg pattern has double borders and blackcores. The profile and pallerns of the lid indicate that it belongs tothe cia!>!>. but ;t is loo large for this vase.

BUT/um: dOl and t","o concentric circlc!>.Black band. reserved groove above frieze; beloll': egg (double

borders and black core) and dot between resened bands.

Pa;nter of London E 777. winged goddess and .....omen; ARV.944.~ and p. 1675: Miinzl'" IIl1d Medaillf'1I AG. Auktion XVIII.No\'. 29. 1958. pI. 40. 124; R. Hampe. Kutulug da Sum",lll,,!:

(/Iltikt'" K {('i"lwmt dt'r Ullil'l'rsituf H('idelbt'r!:: 11. Neuerwerbungcn 1957-1970. no. 85, plo 62.

6. Pun's Market.

1-1.0.15.Lid: debased tongues. laurel (no information as to border

pallern).Bl'/o\\' .!'riezf': eggs w;lh black cores.Drouot Painter. Ertltes and women: ANV. 1223. I; V{'/I/(' a

L 'Hotl'! IJrollut 13 Mars, 1911, pI. 5. 13. The name-piece.

7. Athl'lIS 159U (CC. 15(5). Pis. 51.1 and 48, I. Fig. 7c.Knob and greater portion of slem missing. H. 0.10. total H. pres.

0.115. D. at rim 0.086. D. of lid 0.118. H. of foot 0.027.Lid: eggs with double borders and black cores. black band.

hound!> and harcs. black hand. eggs with douhle borders and blackcores.

Lid ill/('riur: dot and two concentric circles; bOllom: same.Flat black moulding. groo\'e. reserved band abm'e fr;eze: be/o\\':

THE ATTIC PY:u~72

2. Londoll E 779. from Athens. PI. SO,1. Fig. 7b.Lid missing. H. 0.078. D. at rim 0.062, H. of foot 0.023. width of

sections of foot 0.046. 0.051 and 0.053.Grooved black band, reserved band above frieze; hl·tow: reserved

band.Drouot Painter. Eros and women; AN V. 1223.2; Smith.

Catalogue ~rGreelc alld Etruscan Vases 111, 370.

I. MIII/ieh 2720. PI. 49.2. Fig. 7a.H. 0.073-0.074. H. with lid 0.108, D. at rim 0.065. U. of lid

0.085. H. oUOO! 0.021.Lid: debased tongues. egg and dot, chenolls. Lid illlt'rinr: dOl

and twO concentric circles: bottom: same.Groove. reserved band above frieze: hf'low: reserved band.Orouo! Painter. Nikc and woman; ARV, 1223. 4: CVA.

Germany b. Munich 2. pI. 96.6·8 and pI. 99,3.

3. A/hem. Agoro P 2283. from Athens. PI. 50.2. Fig. 7d.Lid missing. About half of the rim gone and a large pari of onc

side. One of the three feet missing. another chipped. H. 0.0%. D.al rim 0.078. H. of foot 0.03.

BotlOm: dot. circle. band.Black band. resef\'ed line abovc frieze; bdul\': debased tongue

between reserved bands.Drouot Painter. women; AR V, 1223.5; Hesperia 4 (1935)

477-478. and 499 no. 2. figs. J and 4. Deposit: R 13:4 well ca.

440-425 n.c.. Agura XII. 398.

74 TtlE A-rfl( PYXIS S.,u.LY RUTHEllFUIlD R08EllTS 75

I.'~g 13~ 011 lid) bcn.n:cn rc..en'ed bands.Orouol Painter. Erotcs and women; ARV. 1223. b.

H. Gh.'''' /6.

Ud missing. H. 0.082. D. 0.087./lotto",: dot. circle and narro" black band.Black band. rcsened line abo'\,' frieze, hr/m,,; egg.. v.;lh double

border!> and black COtes bet\\een resened lines.Urouol Painter. Erotes and "'oman: ARV. 1213.3; AIIICI 22.

398, pI. 9. 10.

9. Lnndoll. "arl ofF. 774, from Athens. PI. 47,2, Fig. 71.'.Lid (knob alien), D, 0,123.Lid: dotted eggs with bl:lCk cores and double border), black

Iwnd. bO;1r and lion confronted, rcpc:lIcd: black band. dotted egglo\\ ilh black cores and double borders.

Lill ill/prior' glazed.Drouo! Painter..... omen: ANV, 122J. 7. No information

.lO.J (hybrid p)'xis. t)'pe A. ARV. 1224.4),

Athens. fr{'lnl Brauron.Drouol Painter. womcn; ARV. 1223. 7. No information avail

able as to form and now unlurtun:Hely nlissing.

The da~!> of Munich 2720 is clearly dependent on andCOlllemporary v.ilh the Pcnthc!>ilca Wurk!>hop 11. It diITer<; only inthe small dimen~i(lns of the \ascs and tall, crudely cuI. rounded!lolches 01 Ihe IU01. The Drouot Painter and one compared \\ithhim executed the figural \.\ork on all but onc. v.hich \laS dl'Cor:l1edb} a I'l'llthesilean. the P:linter of London E 777. The de<'or:ltiOI1 oftwO Ill' the lids wilh animal (deLl'S (nos. 7 and 9). Imms a furtherlink .... ilh the practice of certain or the Pcnlhesileans. panicularly

thc Painter of London D 12.The inlerior seHing in lhe women's quarters is ust/all} ;ndkatl'd

ll} a door. which sometimes occupies :I considerable pd ..l ot lhc.omposition, as in Munich 2720 Wl. 49.2) :lnd London E 779. Thenumber of ligures depicted arc rev.. generally' IhrCl' ligures and

onCC only 1\\0 (MUOlCh). Eros or Erotes arc present four times.pn"iCnling gifls to v..~men. Tv.ice a Nike appcan. 'Aith a v.oman or

\\omen.The context of the Agora pyxis tno. J) prmKles a guidcline for

Ihe daling of this class. The ""ell is dated ('(.I. 440·425 R.e. Miss1 <lkott '>uggested a date of around 440 D.e. for Ihe pyxi,>;J7 il isproo:lbl) somev. hat laler than that, around 430 D.e., but ;n all)'

ea'>e lhe \.'Onlexl pro,ides an objective and relalhcly lixed point,

wekume since there arc so few.The Munich (no. I) and London (no. 2) examples may be

Sl'llle\.\ h:u earlier as they lack the l(lw~r pattern burder.

CLASS OF WUHZBUHG 542

I. Wiir:bllrg 542. from D<M..'tJlia. 1'15.52,1 and 52,2.H. 0.11·0.114. H. \\lth lid 0.164, D. at rim 0.09, D. of lid. 0.122.

H. uf foot 0.025·0.029.I id cgg and dot (black cores and double borders). black band .

obliquc addorsed palmettes linked b)' a running scroll, black band,egg.. (black cores and dooble borders). Lid illtf'rior: rescn'cd:

bottom dOl and widc black cjr<'les.Flat black glazed muulding. rescned line abm'c frieze: brlffl\';

v.ide black band, eggs (as on lid).Compared with thc Monllaur~ Painter, woman stated. wilh

ynuths and woman; youlh and woman: youth and woman. Parisand lIelen, with the "Aeneas group" twice repealed?: ARV. 1296.3: Langlotz. Grit'chi,'Chl' VUSt'" ill Wiir:!.hllrR. pI. 202.

2. :\1l1l1idl 1722. from Athens. PI. 53.2 and Fig. 8a.11. 0.117. H......ilh lid 0.163, D. al rim 0.103. D. oflid 0.133. H. of

foul 0.037.Lid· egg and dol (black cores and double borders), black band.

oblique addorsed palmenes linked b)' a running scroll. black band,egg and dot (black cores and double borders). Lid interior: dot andconcentric circle, band; bollum: same.

JJI'IUIt' me:t>: egg and dot (as on lid) bet .....een reserved bands.

7. TilE ATTIC- PnllS 77

MOnllaures Painter. woman scated ..... ilh Eros..... omen and )outh:)outh and \\oman: youth and .... oman. Paris :md Hckn v.ilh the"Acneas group" repeated?: ARV, 1296. 26: CVA. German)' 6.Munil'h 2. pI. 97.2 and 5-0. pI. 99.S.

3. HI'idd!lt'rK 66./0.H. 0.113. H. with lid 0.157. D. at rim 0.094. D. or lid 0.129. H. of

fOOl 0.031.Lid: egg (black cores and duuble borders). black band. oblique

addorsed palmcllc\ linked by a running scroll. egg (black ('UTes anddouble borders). Lid illll'n"or: dOlled concentric circle. circle. band;hOlmm: same.

Black band. resened line alKwc frieze: bdoll': egg (a.. un lid)bel.... ccn reserycd lines.

Red-figure. lyre-playing Eros and v.omau. door. \o\omall withEros and .... urnan, Eros and 11000130; H. Hampc. AmI/hI}: (/1,,,

SI/mm/Ill/M "",ilea K't,j"JcultSt du UI/;I'f'rsiIU/ H,·illl·lh,·r/.: 1/.Nt'I,,'n"I'rbuI1RI'II 1957·1970. no, 84. pis. 60-61. Aserib(.'d by Hampe10 the Montlaures Painter.

4. NI'''' Ycrk. ('oJ1cction of the late Wailer Baker (ex Cel'il H,Smith).

H. ~ilh lid 0.173.Liel: eggs. black band. oblique addorsed palmelle'\ linh'd by a

running scrotl. black band. eggs (black cores lind doublc borders).Lid illlf'riur: dot and concenlric circlc. circle. band: boftum:

same. Abm'f' lrif":(': small egg (black cores and double borders):hl'1ow' egg ::..,d dOl between ~f\'ed bands.

Red-ligurc. wedding preparatiom: D. \'On Bothmer. Allcient Anfrum Ne\\' York Pril'ufj' Collf'Cfiolls. no. 243. pis. 91-92: JI/lrlil/}:tolff'il/pAra Club l::xltibi/irm q(Allci.,tIt Cn-j'le An, 1904. p, IIJ. pIs.

XCVII and C'.

5. Vi.,,,,,,, 1863. from Thebcs.11.0.11. H, "ith lid 0.158. D. of lid 0.137. H. of fOOl 0.028,I id egg and dOl (black cores and double horder"J. black hand.

oblique addorsed palmellcs linked b) a running scroll. blar.:k band.

l'g!! and dOl. Lid im"rior rcsened; bottom dot and NO cOnCenlnC

cird~

I{c\erH.'d grome aho\l: frie1e: m-Iow egg and dot (as on lid)

bo:t"ccn resen'cd bJnd\.Red.figure. women, ('VA. Austria I. Vienna 1. pI. 48. 9-10 and

pI. 41:1. 4·~.

b, A/h,'lIs. Agoro P 27317, from Athens, PI. 53.1 and 53.3. Fig. 8b.Lid (knob missing). 0.0.15.I ill egg and d.ot (black cores and double borders). black band.

..,hliquc addorsed palmettes linked b} a running scroll. black band.cg~ and dot (hlack cores and double borders). Lill llIf.'riOr:

l'onl~ntri(" circle and band,Clas) of Wiin.burg 542. Hl!sJH'ria JS (1%6) 83. pI. 27e. Deposit

S 16:1 "ell co. 4Z5·4(J() IJ.C.. Agnr/.l XII. 398.

7, A/hl·lIl. Aa. MII:fl. 6477. fron1 Ihe Sanctuary I)f the Nymph,'1 he Class of Wiirzburg 542 is in many respects dependent on the

Pcnthe"lka Workshop I!. The pyxidl.'!> arc of standard height andhthl.' a concave curve slrcngthcned al the ba~C', emphasized by a

lll\\cr pallern border. The Montlaurclo Painter. 10 "hom Munich2722 b anributcd. and "ith "hich the style of Wiirzburg 542 iscompared. had some (.'()IIneclion with the Pcnthesileans. fur thi~

painter collaborated on a kJlix "ith the Painter of Hcidelberg

211.)1The arrangemenl of pallern zones on the lids is modelled afler

the Pcnthesilean Wor~shop but Ihe main paltern of obliqueaddur~ed palmenes linked by a running scroll is new. A dom.'d eggpattern" ith black cores is set belo~ the pyxi!> frieze. Thi.. pallern

coordinates with the subsidiary borders on the lids.A lid from the Athenian Agora (no. 6). which by its prolilc and

pattern borders. belongs to the class comes from a well dated to thelast quarter of the fifth century. This date is applir.:able to Ihe reM

of the examples from thi!> class.A ppiJ>. tJPC A. allributed to the Montlaures Painter W:l!> once

on the London markct. J1 Unfortunately. no information is a\'ailable

concerning its shape or paltcrn borders.

4. AIIIl'm. privatc. PI 32. .1.Mea!>ure1l1cnt" un:wailahle.

Ud· tongue and dol. linked cirCUIll!>crib\:d p;llmettes .... ith a leal

.1. Porl\. MII~.rl· Hmlill re 155.

Lid Illi,,~ing. 11.0.113. D. al rim 0.095. D. at hase 0.U5. H. ofloot 0.017.

Black band. rc"en'l't! gruU\e abtwc frieze: ht'/IIl": rc"el"\~'d line.HillJ: I""t: gl:lI;ed.

Hcd-ligure. women and bearded Illan leaning on stall": CVA.France 16. Musec Natiunal Rodin. pI. 26. 1-3.

I. Hunwd 1915:JO..~9. from Gn."e('e. PIs. 54.J and 48.2. Fig. 93.H. 0.086. H. IOolth lid 0.121. D. al rim 0.08. D. of lid O.HH. H. of

fuot 0.008.

1 Id Three bulb. \l.:llking 10 the left and Iwo rodo; in field.helv.een reser\cd cin:lc<;. Lid i"tt'r;II": n:seryed; bottom. n:!>t'nC'd.

Blal'k band bct"~1I n'Sencd lines abo\c frieze: bl'lOIl n","cn'cdline. black band. Ri,,~ loot: glazed with tesen't:d line at b3~C.

The Painter of London 0 12..... omen: ARV, 963. 92: CVA.U.S.A. I. Hoppin and Gallatin Collections. 9. pI. 13. 7-10.

79SALLY RUTHERfURD ROIlI:!RTS

III each !>pandrel. debasl-d tungue!> dotu:d abm c and belo.....Black band. re..ened band aOOH" frie7c: hl·I"" resen'ed hne.

Hm!! If Hit gla£cd.Vcii Painler. (.... oman. }"oulh): ANV. 906. 115. The lid may not

helong.

7.Nt'1t' }'urkJ9.II.X. frum Greece. PI. 55.1. Fig.9b.Original knob Illi~.. ing. 1.... 0 ancient holl'!> in base of slem for

repair (knob a reSloration). H. 0.086. total H. pres. 0.091. D. atrim 0.089. D. uf lid 0.123-0.125. H. of fout 0.012.

Lid' dehased wngue and dot. black band. laurel. hcrringbone.Silll' 01 /ill: reserved. LiII illt"riur: rc,crv~:d: 1"'"11/1/: rescl'\ed.mack glazed moulding. reserved groove above frieze: hl'/olI':

re,erved line. black band. rt.'!>crved line. black edgt.'. HillJ: ./,nll:

n:~crverl.

Wedding Painter, birth of Aphrodite: ARV. 924.34; BMMA 35(]940j .17, lig. 2 and 39. lig. 4.

b. ~)·dllt·-" 5.1.06 lex Fau\el). from Greece. PI. 55.2.Lid missing. H. 0.0635. D. at rim 0.066. mu. D. 0.087.Ih.",el'\(,-d line .:abo\e frieze: bl'ifJI" re"\cnlu lint'. bl.:ack band.

Ui"K IU<lI:gI37ed.The Painter of Orvieto 191A. women; .,(RV. 939, 32; Stackel

herg. Die Graeher der Hellenen. pI. 26, 1-2; Chariles Studien zurA/renumswiwmschajt pp. 165-166. pI. 23.

S. LII'I"r 5.1Y-16.5.lo. PI. 54. L

ParI of stem and knob missing. H. 0.09. 10lal H. pres. 0.115. D.ul lid 0.123. H. of 1001 0.019.

Ocba..ed tonguc!> on base of knub. Laurel. hlack band. debasedh1ngut.'!> on lid.

~ Black hand. n.'!oCf\'cd line aoole frieze: helo"'. resen'ed line.

black band.Painlcr of London 0 12. women, ARV. %3. 91: HMFA 67

09(9) 83. figs. 15--18.

"' HE AlTlC PYlI"lS

CLASS OF HARVARD 1925.30.39

7.

2. 7'rJ,·(ll1oJ.21J lex Ba~lc Market). PI. 54.2.

H. U.OR7. H. ",ilh lid 0.124. D. at rim 0.083. D. of lid 0.107. H. Hf10010.01.

Lid. laurel and ber!) 'He3lh hcl .... et>n resencd circll.... Lidi"/l'TIO,.: resencd: bottom rClocncd.

Wh' r b .. ll~ 1nl', ro"n glal.c hne abo\c frie7C: hl'luw hrO.... 1I gl;l£cI~nc. ",hlte band. brO"'n gla7.c line. Rillg,lUfl!' gla£l'fl "'ilh rescncrlhne :1.1 bil"e.

Painter of Lundon D 12. white ground: women: AH V. 1675.94

bis: M,ill:l'f' /llId Mmuillt'/I AG. Auktion XXVI. October 5. 1%.1.no. 149: HMI-It 670(9) 81. ligs. 11-13: Purulipul1lt'lIu. 434.

Worbhop 1. The sKle of the lid of the Toledo pyxis is slightl)con\U. The domed knob of uch is set upon a squat stem "'hichlopreads and blends into the sloping surface of the lid. The glazedring foot is men'ed at the base in each. Except for the contour ofthe side of the lids the pyxides are counterparts, made by the sameponer, decorated by the same painter. ooe in red·figure and theother on white ground,

The pyxis in the Musee National Rodin (no. 3) is slightly tallerthan the Harvard and Toledo pyxides. The conca\'e curve of thewalls is acceotuated towards the base. The curvature is noticeablein llle distortion of the columns. The glaz.ed ring foot is taller andmakes a better basis for the vase,

A pyxis by the Veii Painter in a private collection in Athens (no,4. PI. 32.1) is very similar in profile and proportions to the MuseeRodin pyxis. The curve of the walls is accentuated towards thebase, However, the reserved line below the frieze has been set agood distance in from the edge. minimizing the curvature of thecolumns of the frieze, One is reminded of a like treatment on awhile gruund ppis in Ancona by Ihe Splanchnopt Painter of thePt!nthesilea Workshop 1. 41 In bolh. room is left for a lower patternborder, though the space is oOt utiliz.ed.

1 he Exeter pyxis tno, 5. Ill. 54,1) is similar to those of Han'ardand Basle but possesse'li a ring foot so low that the pyxis appears tobe balancing on the base of the vase itself. The flat upper surfaceof the lid is clearly differentiated from the base of the stem muchas in canonical lids of lhe l'enthesilea Workshop I and may bel'nmpared 10 Athens 1288 (1'1. 21). and Baltimore 48,2019 (PI. 22).

The S)dney pyxis (no. 6, PI. 55.2) is smaller than the olhers ofthe class and a little squauer. When the pyxis was published bySt:lckelbcrg in 1837. it still retained its lid with a knob of similarprolile 10 the Harvard and Toledo pyxides, According to thednl\\ing in Stackelberg·z the contour of the vase slopes from tileba~e tuwards a flaring ring foot. The Han'ard py"is (no, I, Fig,<:l,l), ~ho\\~ a straight slightly descending line fronl the base of the\;1'ie meeling the ring foot at a sharp angle. The strong conca\'el'une and the flaring ring foot differentiate the Sydney ppis from

at Harvard,

80

COMPARE

Berne Historisches Museum. Loaned by Christoph Clairmont.Fig.9c.

Fragment of loop handle preserved. H. 0.092. total H. prcs.0.123. D. at rim 0.077. D. of lid 0.105. H. offoot 0.019.

Lid: sheep confronted by a panther and (ollo",.ed by anotherpanther between two reserved circles. Sidf> of lid: herringbone. Atbase of lid a moulding. Interior of lid glazed: bottum: fiveconcentric circles.

Black band, reserved line above frieze; below: reserved line,I;Ilack line.

Wedding Painter. Danac ill Scriphos; ARV. 924 . .15; AlA 57(1953) 92·94, pis. SO·52. T.O.L. Webster, Polter ""d Putroll i"Classical Athem. 263. Notches of foot not indicated on profiledrawing.

The Class of Harvard 1925.30.39 was decorated by artislli~Ionging to the Pcnthesilea Workshop. The lids prt~r\'ed showpatterns fanliliar from the Pcnthc!l.ilca Workshop I, and especiallyfrom the transitional stage of that workshop. The subject maller.female genre scenes placed in a frieze arrangement around thebody of the pyxis. framed by simple resen'ed lines. is also typical ofthat workshop. The body has a long concave curve st~ngthened atthe base. The striking and unusual feature of the class is the footwhich is low. glazed and of ring formation totally unlike theconcave tripartite ~served foot characteristic of the PenthesileaWorkshop. The vases are small, slightly smaller than those of theClass of Ol:ford 1961.468.40 with which most are contemporary.Five lids are preserved and a drawing of a sixth. which is now lost.The two knobs preserved are of a casually formed domed shapeand the drawing of the lid. once belonging to Sydney 53.06. shows aknob of similar profile.

The Harvard (no. I. PI. 54.3) and Toledo (no. 2. Ill. 54,2) pyxides3re very close with respect to profile. measurements anddecoration, The side of the lid of the Harvard pyxis continues theconcave curve of the body. a canonical feature Qf the Penthesilea

SAllY RUTHERFURD ROl:lERTS 8'

The pyxis New York 39.11.8 (no. 7. PI. 55.1) is attributed to theWedding Painter and dated ca. 460 D.C. The m)1hological subjectis unusual for the class but was prevalent in the Penthesilea

Workshop in the years 46().450 D.C. It is the same height as no. I,but squallcr in its proportions. The ring foot is articulated aboveb}' a moulding. The profile of the lid resembles that of Exeter (PI.

54,0, and other lids of the f'enthcsilea Workshop I. Colour accentsemployed to set off the frieze are unique: the side of the lid aswell as the fOOl are resened. The ring fOOl of other members ofthis class is invariably glazed as are the sides of the IKls. The lidsof the Penthesilea Workshop J arc either glazed or adorned with apattern border.

The conC3H: curve of the \Il ails of the Oanae py.is isaccentuated toward the base and the degne of cun-e seems to liebetv..een thal of the Harvard (no. I). and Sydney (no. 6) pyxides.From the base: the contour slopes inward to meet the 10'10' naringfoot at a sharp angle. The profile of the base and foot issomewhat lik!: that of the Sydney pyxis except for the low wKlerectangular notches. The formation of base and foot separates theDanae pyxis from the class. Neither is the tripanite fOOl shapedas in the Penthesilea Workshop I. The contour of the base and footof a canonical pp:is of the Penthesilea Workshop I form.. acontinuous concave curve as in Athens 1288 (Fig. 4c). The Danaeand Sydney pyxides seem to show different adaplations of thecontinuous sloping line of the Penthesilea Workshop I 10 the rillgfool.

The lids preserved of pyxides of this class show patternsfamiliar from the Penlhesilea Workshop I. The lid of a pyxis in a

private collection in AthcllS (no. 4, PI. 32,1), has a main patternband of circumscribed palmettes linked one to the nextcorresponding to lids of the Pcnthcsilea Workshop I {first pallerngroup).d The laurel band on the lid of New- York 39.11.8 (no. 7)corresponds to the second pattern group of the PenlhesileaWorkshop J.u The laurel wreath as .....ell as the subordinateborders of debased tongues of the Exeter lid are like Ihe lid ofVienna 3720 belonging to the Class of Oxford 1961.468 dated450-440 8.C.-s The leaf and berry wreath on the Toledo lid (no.

!l l' tramed b) resened circles. 'I he leaH.'S are freer in theircwcllti'lfl than those seen 011 the Exeter lid hy thc !>ame artist.

I he animal frieze on the lid of Hanard 1925.30.39 (no. I. PI.-l~.21 i<; !>imilar 10 that on Ihe lid of a canonical ppis of th£>I'cnthL"Silea Work<;hop I in the Serpieri collection (no. 6, on list p...... aOOn:). Both arc by the Painter of London 0 12 and probabl)'\;1wble to 450-440 B.C. The lid of the Oanae pyxis la ,-ase~·'lmparcd to this class), also has an animal frieze set between

le~ned circles.The profiles of the lids also correspond 10 the twO variant types

(\ Penlhcsilea Workshop I. The lids of New York 39.11.8 (no. 7),nd Excter 5.1940.536 lno. 5). ha"e a nal upper surface ..... ith akar differentiation in I~"el between the base of the knob and Ihe

Ic\clnf Ihe lid. Thc lids of Ihe Toledu (PI. 54,21. and Hanard (pI.

~,J) p~ 'CidC'O J>OS!>css stenlS whieh blend into Ihe sloping surface ofIhe lid. The domed knobs of Ihese two pyxides are different inI~PC from any in Ihe Penthesilea Workshop 1.

1he prolllcs and patterns of the lids, Ihe framing of Ihe friezeand !>ubjecl matter :Ire similar to the Penlhc:loilea Workshop I. The'qual proportions and ring foot are different. One may ask\\hcthcr these \'ases were made in the same shop as the canonicalp}xides of the PenthL~i1ca Workshop I. An ans\Ooer IS suggested by\lM Philippaki's discussion of stamnoi decorated by Ihe PainterIII Ihe Yale l.ekythtl!>, "The Painter or the Yale LckYlh~ paintedthree slamnoi; each of them represents a different Iype, each timethe painter has filled his decoralive system to Ihat used by theother painters of Ihe class,"" Miss Philippaki suggcsts lhat Ihispaintcr \Ooorked in the Berlin Painter's work<;hop and then movedtu another in \Oohich lhe Dokimasia Painter and lhe HephaisteionPainter wcre employed. The third ~tamnos by the Painter of the'I ale Lekythos belong' It) the Oeepdene Painter's Class. A{kl'Oralive scheme went with each class of stamnoi and when thellpc changed the paltt:rn accompaniments also chllnged. 07

rhe Class of Harvard 1925.30.39 differs \Ooith respect toproportions and <;hapc of fOOl from the Penthesilea Workshop I.HO\Ooc\'cr, lhe dt.'1:urath'e scheme remains the samc. This suggeststhat the pyxidc:lo \00 ere made within the Penthesilea Workshop I and

82 THE ATTIC PYxls SALlY RUTtIERFUkO R08Utn 8J

lhe ideas of a polter from outside the shop may ha\'e influencedthe shape. Indeed the ring foot is one of the hallmarks of thev.orkshop in which the potter Agathon .... as acth-e.

The Penthesilea Painter him!>c1f painled a squat p}xis with alu.... ring fool.

41h"IH A cr. 569. from Athens. Pis. 56-57. 58.2, ami 59.1.Lid missing. H. 0.15. 0.0.26. H. of fool l'3. 0.015.Black glazed moulding. resct"VL'tl. grooHO: abo\c friele: hj'l/Jw;

rcsen'oo line. black band. reserved line. black Lxlgc. Ring foot.

...QN\K\AAOI. HEIP\AIKAAE.PCllthesilea Pailllcr, bride: ARV, 890.172: L:lngln17. ViI'

,pl/lknl V/lSe'" I'UII (/." AkroJlolis :w At!tc'II. plo 43: T. B. L.\\~h~lcr. PO//er 01111 Pmro" ill Clf/ssiel" A/III'IU. 77. The size,. QuId lend credence 10 its being a special cOmmission.

The fragmentary pyxis Athens Acropolis 5M by the Penthesilea

I'ainter is the largest red·figure py"is e"tam. Correspondingly. thek)'lix Ferrara T.18 C VP. from Spina. by the same painter iJo the

largt.'Jot of red-figure cups}' According to Allieri the diameter of

the k)lix is 0.566 and the height, 0.24. The height is more than halfthe diameter of the b~1. a relationship not usuall) present inl'{JIItcmporary Attic cups}' The o\'eral1 profile of the cup

corresponds \11 ith thO!it.' of the "Oreikamegruppe."se

The Acropolis pyxis has a height of 0.15 and a diameter of

0,26, The height thus also is more than one half the diameter ofthe box. These squat proportions are extraordinary' for the pyxides

of the Penthesilea Workshop I. The pyxis was found in \'erytragmentary condition. The principal fragment is composed oflourteen joining sherds and a complete profile of the wall is

preserved in one section which depicts a bearded man and a

woman tending a seated bride (PI. 56 and 57). The profile of the

1>.'311 is similar to pyxidcs 01" the J)enthesilea Workshop I with a longconcave body strengthened at the base (PI. 21). The framing

elements also are in keeping with the canon: a groo\·t.' abo\'e thefrieze. a resen'ed line below. The slight intensification of the curve

at the base has been complemented by the placement of a wide

85SALL Y RUTHEIIIFUIIID R08EIIITS

1;11,)('1;, band followed by a f'CSCned line.

Other fragments gi..-e additional informati~n concerning the

protiJe and the composition. Two joining sherds gi\'e a portion ofthe 10\ller \IIall and a 10\11 ring foot. The foot was placed \lieU under

the bod)' at a distance of ca. 0.049 from the outer edge. In

addition there are three joining sherds from the upper wall andonc other non-joining sherd (PI. 59,1). There are not enough

.ldJullling sherds in thiS Stttion to make a complete profile 01 the

1>. .. 11 and the diameter as now restored does not corrC!>pond withthat uf the principal fragment (PI. 56) because of the incurrect

Ill,llccment of the une nun-joining sherd in the upper wall. This~herd depicts a Doric capit:11 and part of the entablature. The t.... oadjoining sherds from the base of the box arc painted with arepre~entation of the right lower panel of a door. all adjacent

column and a woman (IO\ller portion only) clad in himatiol1 and

dlittlll who hastens rightward carrying a casket (pI. 58,2). A laterreprescntation of such a double panelled door with flankingcolumns and entablature may be Jol'Cn nil the pyxis. Leyden KVH

ISi (PI. 58.3), and Yale ICJIJ.lSJ.S1 Thus on the Athens pyxis. the~herd depicting the Doric capital should be mo~cd \IIdl tt! the left.

to ghc Joufficienl room for two door panels_ This adjustment \llould

also doubtlos gi,'e the proper diameter to these fragments of theAcropolis p)Xis. Still other details of the composition are ~i\'en

by three joining sherds from the upper wall which together depict

lhe head of the woman bearing the casket, a white tasseled filletin Ihe field. and a woman moving to the right with her hand

IUrnoo back: in profile to the left (towards the door and the other

h~btening woman).

It is tempting to connect this uncanonical squat pyxis with its

fragmentary low rillg foot with the Class of Harvard 1925.30.39.By scale and proportions alone this could not be done. since the

pyxi~ is outsized and the height is more than half the diameter.Yet. by profile alone there is perhaps a relation.

I Ha, ATTIC PYJUS84

6. Cmllbridge 1.22, from Athens. PI. SQ.3.H. 0.0825. H. wilh lid 0.127. D. at rim 0.074. D. of lid 0.095.

.. JQ~9 [U. Gehrig. A. Greifenhagen and N Kunisch. Fuhrer

durch di~ Antikrnab,~i/ung pp. 174-5. pI. 45J ). Cf. also a tripod1'\\1\ In the manner of the Panailios Painter's later work (ARV I •

u'::'. Athens 1584: CVA. Greece I. Athens l. 1'1. 6. 1·3). These areIIlI.: lml~' extant red·figu~ examples of th,= tripod pyxis as this1'111.: \loa!> d)ing OUI at this time. Add Brauron Museum 71. fr ..h.lm Brauron.

('<1. -170-460 B.C.

::., l/lt,·IH. Cl'rulllinlS 1-162. PI. 59.2. Fig. ge.H. 0.089. H_ with lid 0.126. D. at rim 0.078. D. of lid 0.106. H.

of foot 0.026.Conca\e wall completed by curve of lid. tripartite foot.Reseru'. Button of knob.reserved. 80110111 ~r reuJ)tuclc: dOlled circle. circle. band.Black. 35 H TR 47.

6'SAllY RUTHIERfURD Ra.ERrs

4 I IlI/l're' L 55. from Athens. PIs. 31,1 and 60.~II. 0.133. H. with lid 0.185. D. at rim 0.121. D. of lid 0.155. D.

ul ba!>c 0.155.Cylindrical. side of lid horizontally grooved. moulded base. Li(I:

H'rlical. circumscribed palmetles (six or seven petals) linked onetll the next with a leaf in the spandrel. black band. groups ofinterlocking maeanders separated by cross squares. Reserved bandahO\e and below frieze. then groups of interlocking maeanders

wp.lfO'Ht:d by cross squares articulated by two rahl' and Theti.... AR V.924. 33: Stackclbcrg. Dj,. Graf'lwr d,.r lIf!1/~II,.n. pI. 32;Paralipomtna. 431. Lid; Penlhesilea Workshop I. rtnt pattern~f\lUP d'. Berlin 22hl (lJ1. 30.2). b) the Vdi Painter. Probableinlluence of vases of metal cf. DarSag. s.\'. Capsa. fig. 1178.

TilE ATTIC PYll:IS

1. Ontt Curtius CoU,=ction.Concan~. ins'=t flang,= for lid. spreading c1osoo foot.Reser\'oo; line articulating acorn knob. at mouth of vase

(probably flange) and on exterior lower ooge of foot.lJl3ck. l. Cuniu!> "Pentheu!>." WjllckdmuI"'~/,rogrtl",m H8

(1929) fig. I: C. W. Lunsinllh Schculccr. Gri"kscl/l' C!'rIIl1Ill'k. Ie p.43, 122; AgurII XII. 174,

Ca. 470-450 B.e.

SINGLETONS

2, A,hells T. E.. 162J, from Athens,Lid missing. Inset flange for lid. long, concave wall. tripartite

foot.Black band above frieze. below: black band bet\.\'een reserved

lines. net pattern. black moulding.

rhe lcningrad Painter. ~orn'lII ~e;llcd spinning. "ith a \.\nman.a girl holding a male child. and a youth: woman seatro. a malechild crawling toward her. and two women: Dd,ion 18 ii. pI. 33:Puru/ipome"a. 391. 88 his.

J. A,hellS 1708. from Aegina. PI. 58.1.Knob missing. H. 0.12, H....·ith lid 0.14. D. at rim 0.101. D. of

lid 0.16.

Conca\'e. side of lid continues and completes curve. tall tripod1001.

Lid: tongues. spirals (black). running palmette scroll (Dinsmoortype IVa). Side aflid: debased tongues.

Reserved line abm'c frieze: hp/m\': tongues bel""en r~crvcd

lines.

Amphitrite Painter. red-figure; Poseidon pursuing Amphitrite:ARV. 833.46: CVA. Greece 1. Athens 2, 1'1. 18. 2-4, pI. 19.1.and pI. 20. 2-3; CB. 11. 92·93. Form of foot probably inspired bytripod pyxis. Cr. the tripod pyxis by Douds /A.RV. 477.276: CVA.Germany 13. Mannheim l. pI. 26. I and 6-7. pI. 32. 5. A list ofbl:t('k-ligure examples is appended. Add Ceramicus 1590 and 1591ICVA. Germany 9. Munich 3. pI. 140. 81: Berlin F 3988 and

9. A/hells 4]7 (CC. 835) from Boeotia. Fig.2a.Lid missing. H. 0.099. D. at rim 0.088. H. of foot 0.021.Inset flange for lid. walls inward sloping. tripartite foot. Narrow

M. Berlin 404], from Anica. Fig.3b.Tip of knob broken. H. 0.057. tOlal H. pres. 0.092. D. at rim

0.055. D. of lid 0.074.Conca\·e. side of lid continues and completes cun'e of body.

Iripanite foot.Lid: three flying Emtes. Side of lid, black.Egg and dOl below frieze.Amphitrite Painter. red-figure. Judgement of Paris: ARV, 833.

47: CVA, Germany 22, Berlin 3, pI. 137. 1-5.

Conca\'e. side of lid cOnlinues and completes cun'c of body,tripartite fool.

Lid. debased tongue and dol. \'crtical circumscribed palmettes(sc\'cn to nine petals) with tendril above and below in spandrels.between reserved lines. Side uf lid: groups of inlcrlockingmaeanders and saltire square.

Reser...ed line abo\'c and below frieze.N~ar the Deepdcnc Painter, mi<;lresSt.":!> and maict; '''0 maids:

",RV. SOl. 2: CVA. Great Britain 6. Cambridge I, pI. 39, I.Cu. 470-460 B.C.

moulding at top of \\all follO\\ed by less prominent mouldingabcwe frie7e: below' offset moulding.

Boeotian black figure: funerary toilel of Actaeon: Cc. no. 835:A/hMill 15 (1890) pI. VIII: P. Jacobsthal, "Aktaions Too,"\/lIrbllrgerJahrbuch jilr Kullst.....isseflschajr 5 (1929) 3 and 21. fig.31: R. GinouYts, BalaneuliJu> 239. footnote 7. There is adiscrepancy betv..een the style dated by Jacobsthal to around 460D.e. and the shape which is old-fashioned. Most Attic pyxides

ilb a base moulding date 10 before 520 D.e. Three laterexamples are Alhens 19271 ca. 490. London E 769 and Oxford1965.130 ca. 480-470 D.e. (Figs. 2c. 2e and 2d). A similardiscrepancy may be found in Ickythoi from the ThespianPnlplldrion l;trhMil/ 65 [19401 9 and footnote I [Lulliesl; Pfuhl.\llller,·; /llId Zt'il'lmu"R J. 715; Demetrios Schil:trdi, The T1li'sp;ulIPo/nll/drillll. 424 D.e. (princcton Universu} disserlation, inprngre'i$).ell. 400 fI.C.10. RomC', collection of the late Gisela M. A. Richter.

Imel flange for lid, conca\'e wall continued and completed by('u .... c of lid, ring fOOl with slanting connection to base of box. Lidl1at \\ith rounded L'Onvex moulding at outer edge separated fromthe center by a groovc. Acorn knob with moulding at base of sIem.

Reserved: upper member of knob, flange for lid, underside offoot with dot and two glazed circles.

m.ld. ARlIra XII, 174 and footnole 8. 381.

SALLY RUTHEAFUIlD RO.EATS

A number of the singletons of this period show that potters\\erc a\\are of the canon del'e1oped in the PCnlhL'Silea Workshop.The long concave curve and slender proportions of the CurtiusIJlack pyxis (no. l) as well as the red-figure examples by theAmphilrite lllo. 3. PI. 58.1) and Leningrad Pailller (no. 2) lI1akcthis plain.

The placement of reserved accents on Ihe Ceramicus pyxis (PI.

5l.J,2) arc clearly derived from red-figure practice. The resencdlines abon~ and helo"'" on the conca\'e wall are placed as if to framea frieze. The resen'ed tripartite foot is punctuated with black bandsat top and base and the foot profile also follows the Penthesilean

THE ATIIC PYXIS88

7. New York 06.// /7, from Athens. Fig. Jc.H. 0.082. H. with lid 0.123. D. at rim 0.068. D. of lid 0.09. H.

of foot 0.021.Slight concave curve 10 body. continued and completed by curve

of side of lid. 1311. spreading ring fool. Squat conical knob.Lid· vertical. circumscribed palmelles (se\"cn petal). leaf in

!l.pandrels above. leaf and two dots below. Side of lid. black.rongues below frieu.

The I)ainter of Philadelphia 2449. red·figure: \\omen at \\orkwilh \\001: ARV, 815. J: Richter and Hall. no, 96. pI. 96: AlA 11(I9(7) 418-419. For the woman working wool over her knee cf.AmK. Beiheft I (1963) no. 37, pp. 18-19. PI. 9. 3 and references there.

norlll. The profile of the knob ~hould he compared "ilh LOUHC

L SS (nu. 4. PI. 60). b) a Penthc..ilean. the Weddin~ Painter.1'00 black p)xis. type A. can be assigned Iu a red-figure class.

From the e\'idence at hand it seems clear Ihat they \!left' not madein the nd-figure cup shops which also produced pyxides. At anearlier period. one would hale 10 stale that e'\idence is notplenliful enough to allow speculation. Howc\'er. the EarlyClassical period provides numerous examples especially from thePcnthcl<lilca Workshop and yet there is not one specimen in black.

The rarity of the plain black may reflect the close connectionbl'l\\ccn its ,"oml and function. As the pyxis was made. 110 doubt.for either .... cdding or funeral it would not have meant much\\ithout its pictures. S2

The Cnmbridge pyxilo (no. 6. PI. 59.3) prescnl\ a diflcrenlproblem. It has a body of squat proportions with a tall. tripartite1'001 and knob. The concave curve is continuous from the base tothe ~urface of the lid. The foot and especially the knob seem illprtlpurtioncd to Ihe small size of the pot. The pyxis lohould dateca. 470-460 R.e. The shape suggests t.... o alternate explanations:the one that the "ase shape is experimental. the contour of bodyand lid being already set by this time. but the relationship of footand knob to the vase still variable in form and size: the other

explanation is more tempting. The pyxis is designated near theDeepdene Painter. and this painter decorated a range of largeshapes. stamnoi and column-kraters being most numerous. If thepoller with whom the Deepdene Painter worked (and the samepolter is said to ha"e made all the stamnoi)S1 occasionally made apyxis. a vase completely out of his repertoire. one would expectthe proportions to be unusual. While the first explanation isperhaps safer, the second is an inviting conjecturc.

Qne might think along the S3me lines in considering the pyxisby the Leningrad P3inter (no. 2). In this case the most numerouslarge shapes are column-krater... pelikai and hydri3iY

90 I HE An-It PYXIS

NOTES CHA "-1l:K III

1 And~' 01,,'" knldll proo·idtd phol:ognph~ and lIXuurnno:n". TIw diamctCT is0.1 ... ·-0 I-UI ,.hKh .. ould fil the 00'~ Ilo it ~'ftl ehartOC .. ho:ci 011 tM knob.I"" paltcrn hand~ an" four hne- and doe. lauttl .. ttath. hnked n~rtlc'al cirnlm,,:n""d p.1lnK:lTc:lo "'lIh a 1nl bclO'l' In lhe Intcnhen. conllnUOU) nlacand""'oCpaUIOO bl eTO'i~ ~uat.... A .. ldr black band folkJ-o:d b,' a natTO'I' black bandt>o:l"ccn r""""",'OO Cln-In 14'paralC'o thl: fin-t and second plIUrTn "kmen\), Laun-Id~""ural("\ lho: ~"idc "I the hd On lhe lid mlrnor a desljtn' lin\' ell"dr. band and,'1,,1... Tho.· choke of p,2ollcm' Is canonical: Ihe addillon of the but'" pall"rn 10 mak..a di§posiliun 01 foor concentric palltTn band~ I~ uccptionaJ. Mn.)utemCnl~.chOICe01 pallems ....<1 ~t)'1e Illah Ih lIttribUlion tu th" Ancona Pl'lis eun~lncing.

..:! ARV. 877.\. H I:ll....~h '""m,,''' "",.rl..., 5dllJl,'" Ukrnc 19-tO) pp. 103-104. The' 1; ...., ,tage

;,t lhe dc,elup:n"m oflhe "I>rl'ikantellrupp"'." dal~'<I480·470R.e includ"d ~i~ cupsdecout..d by the PistOllcnO!i Pllintrt. The ,;ccond stage f'om 475.450 B.C. dots nOIinclude any cups by Ihl) painter. h should be: MI..d Ihat Ihe pyJis by thc PISlOU,nO!il'aUlt"t and anothet perhaP'i by him are not connected wdth the shapc of ppIS. Iype,\. char".·tcrlSlic of Ihr ""nth"!>llca Workshop. and pre«dc thrm in datc.4 I<icht,,' and Hall. pp. 101·IOJ. pi. 77.~ J Hambldgc.VrmmnrS)mm..fn. nrrG....... Vuj.. (N..... IIa'·cn 1920151.1111. 12.1>. AI< \' ,~S. "Early lla)§" P"lntm of Smaller 1'0IS." In AR V' blI7. thc SolhcbyPlmler ,,'u included m Ih" ~ntho:sika W(X"k~hllp. It _MS qUltc ek.. that theIrtist.pamtcd lhoe "nlC I)"PC of PY"k Ihal .. as shaped for this "orkshop. Thc formdlffm in no signiflCanl dtull.- ARV. ;;4, I.11. ANV. %3. 904: CC. p. 55-1. pl. 50.9. ARV. 955. 2; CVA. S,.-i1l"land I. Gc:nc\'a I. pb. 17.7 Ind 18.5.Ill. Ag...... XII. 178 and IloOIC J8. .11 Athrn\ 171<11 has I grafflto on Ihe unlknide <!fthoe conlalncr bUI no marching

mark on the lid.12. ANV. 931.2; L. Ghali·Kahil. Ln £,tlh"ml'nlJ rl I.. N""J14' d 11;:/ t" (ParisICJ5.<iI. 177. fOOlnolC I.13. Charl~ Dugu. £;rphmmon A,.dkW/J''I.IO·J,· DF/os Vol. XXI. p. 71. pi. LV.21.14 llIoc....h. f'",.,."." ullul'I/I''' 5,",11I1.'''. pp. IOJfL COlTC!ipondinlll) the fOOl pr~lill'(>1 UIOC"SCh', "Drelkartlcgtuppo:" i~ an inde. ID lhe CUp' ptuduced in Ihc l'"ntl1('!ollca

W"rhh"ll·15. ANV. Y6J.':lZ; I'. Ib7S.94 hi,.11:1 rhc palmdlc ban"~ "n Ihe Berlin py.i, by the Vcii Pal1ltcr (no. HI. 1'1. 20). unanlllher uncanonical py.is in Athens b)' Ihc sam" maSlcr (1'1. J2.11. and on Br",,,n<18.867 h) th<: Hesiod Painter are _er)' similar. Al toc bcginninll of Ihe do:!>lgn on th<:Athen~ and Boston lids an abbr....·iated palmeue is set in thc ~pandtel bct"'ttn thefint 1"'0 circumscribo:d palmellC1 and I pair of ttsrrvo:d curvinll horns furthet markthe )taning point. A kaf ae.....nu th<: olh<:r spandrcb. Th" o..rlin lid lacb th ...introduCIOry fu.ture: instu.d 1"'0 cin-umsrribed palmrllcs overlap 000: another atthe iunetu~ uf Ihc dnigrt. A miscakulalKln of the spa.......·as made ka"lng an "odd.

42. Bam.. 0 M 'on 5Iac....lhc'l!. l)u' GflJ"twr Jrr 1I,1l...,,,,, (Berlin 183'1 pi.2tl.I.2. A sketch from ,he Nicholson Museum wnl .. "I> meaSuremel1lS ~ht)'''' a,,,nlour hIM.' from bax to fOOl mOCoi.' in a<:cordanC'C .. nh \.... Hanard py.~,

.. \ Sec p. 57. Or Han" IIcrrm~nn ... ,~e Ih~, IIw hd don n<"I t>cklnJot I 1>;,., .. n..~Io.HI an oppor1U01I\ 1(\, umi..... thl'i 'a!oC "'>\urffil\ 00-. .., ..... Iho:' lid C\>r1\C1o tn>nl lhe

I'<nlhe'lll.:a WVf~~h"r I·14 Sa' 11. 5/'\.ol~ s.c,•• 11 60fl4n Barbala Phlhppakl. nr Att'r SllJmlt6S IOdord 1%-1 liS.

4· ''''d.. pp. ISO-I514H ANV. 882.35; PIJ""""""""nlJ 428J5.411 N Alftc';. "Grande K)'lIx del Pinort' dl Penthni1ca con Ci(\o Tt')CK1I:'Hn/.ftArt'l' N.~. 11 (1959) fiJ.:'i. 7·9. Thc "yli. is da,ed 4bOASO a.e. by Alfieri.

..SO. Ibid. p. 94. foolnole 7. Profnsor Blocsch kindly ,h"...cd me rhe profil~ h.. hudmade of Frrnra T III C VP in Q.;:tober. 1%8. and Slated IIuII O\oi.'Talll~ profile Il;

lile lM . Ort'ikanlel\;ruppr:·!ol Paul V. e. 8au,. ClJllJ/"I:'JI' "'/ rlrl." R..br("clJ D, S,odJ"rrJ Ct,/I'C/H)n ojC,..,,·" "nJ1",li"" V"SI."J'" Yul,' Uml',·n:;/I·. 103. pI. 12.~2 An c,'cn l!l'\'aICr runl)' rnay be no,o:<I lilt the bla~k lehc~ Il;lmikos and~."rn.plwrm.AIl"flJ XII. '4. "h ,\ lInli ..eI) ,ha' I.... 'hape (lcbc. ~anll"u.. l IU' c'cr,.,~Je ill l.I~,·l ,n lhr "hemaA !:aetoncs. :. No enlrY for loun"phnr.....~,l. Phillppa.. i. n, All" ,\'/fJnuw.f 85; AlA 49 09451 pp. 15'"-8 (lkulc)).~ AIlV. SfIi·5b9. 5-0·~n,

THr ATTIC PYXIS

man" (CB. 11. pp. 2J·141. The hean of each palmelle j" ar1K"lllaICd hf a dOl andencircling lin~. The "h'le ground pyxi'i b) Ihc Splanchnnpl PamJer 1Tl Ihe s",rpienColkcllon (nu. 7). ~hl""S a fun he, ,·ar;ant. The circumscrihfil palmelll':l; arc linlrM10 lolU~ no..·eB. Then' is singular slmiluit)· of pallern bUI no unlfornllly. Th"lid ofJ'Ioe.. Yoc" 0·.21l6..Jt, (no. I) palnlcd by the Pcnlh"",lca Painler h:u a. It'\ mainelcnK'nl a paln>c:tle band of a mon.' ..labuTale rnnccption. CiKumscribed palmettC'oaK lln..ed ".. ilh tall. free palmeue'< and 1"'0 dOls aK placnl In ,he spandre1\.11. Circumscribed palrllettcs oceur on Ne" York 07.28td6. Alhen•. Scrpieri. Ikrlin2261. Alhens Agora P -I/~. Alhen•. private. Lou"re L 55 and Brau",n 28\Ja.18. ANV. 924JJ. Wedding Pamler. A b.Jnd of ein:umscrilxd palmetln is hn"edOtIC." .. 1\h IM 11<'.11. A leaf is placYd in each spandrt'l. A blacl band ~raln IhlSc1emenl frum Ihe ouler bQrder of interloc"ing macanden and cros' loqua""1'1. CH I. nu. J7. pt XV. Hniod 1'"nH:r.20. Ib,d.. 11. 6J. "As usual in thIS painler Wcnlh..-silca Pain,,,r) and 11l~ school. lhet\'are "cry fC" eross squarcli in the macandcf--1)nly three:·21. Hambldgc. f)n"Jmu- Slmm"ry. -Ill.22. CR. I. no. J7.n. ANV. 1221.1 "Cluuc Painlc", 01 Smaller POI':' In ANV' this group ,,'asincluded among th.. Penlhe.ilcan\ and Bea~lcy p. b24. noted that it rt'ealkd thePaintcr of London E 777; cf. nus. 6·8 in the hn abo-·e.2-1. CVA. US.A. 7.111·20. pt Xl. Sec bcJ(IVo. nuCe 20.25. CVA. Germany b. Munl.;-h 2. plo 9tr. 6-82fl. If gcnulOe Ih,S ..ould I>..·c bo:\,n Ihe only uamp'" of a py.is .. itl> I poll...,', orp~il1t,·,·, signatu,," frum Il>e Pcmho,lea W".... shop and ~ .. John Rentle)'. b) kll.'rhI M,~\ rUkUll. Ocl. If>. 1%7. "indly cunfirmed Ih... fac' ,hal h... had ul"lI)'\·onsid... rcd 11 false. Variou\ rnrn.lderatlOn~. h'Wo·ocr. ,",c1udtn~ th.. \Om~,,1>31

,,'phl'ilK"lIlnl plllnng 01 the In,,,ripllUn sccmcd 10 uS! duut>l on 11. MM Lu•.,.I urnbull. oflllc Unl'er,U) 01 Ml~;",ippt. undttloulro 10 1e'\1 Ilk" glair "lIh aknhol;Ih... kllc ..... dl~appc:an'd al un~.27, H,ehlcr and lIall. rIO. 144 and 146. ph. 147·148.211. CVA. AUSlm I. Vienna I. pI. 5U.3.29. U-lIer from Dr. Lore Aschc. Arcl>lol~I>CS InsmuI der Un..·...nilll TUbmg.-n.JO. S"h'aIOfl: Aurigemma. L. N,rropoll J' S"."fJ ." VfJJI, T",hbo (,Rome 19trSI Vol.I. Pan 11. 'Iombs 27. 143. 200. 22J. 386. JII4. 475. 577.JI. ARV. 122J.32. ANV. %3. 8i. O. also PlJflJliponr..,.". 4.14."5 Il'r. Itype unIiSlc'dl.3J. ARV. 96J. 92; CVA. US.A. I. Huppin and Gallalin CoIkctions. pi. lJ.7.34. AR V. 'l6.1. 118: Bps(lr",ibunll Ro",u("/r.., AI,.."amrr I,summr/, "<HI Curl An/OffNlrssr" \Cologne IlIllI. pi. lOiJlJlI.\5. ANV. 'JIb3. ll'II; V,·... ,../~·,... ..g ,.,,,,., S"m",',mg ... AI/,·"i:m,·",. Wlt-n. Gliid·"'h~ and Wiimdorfn. 27·211. S\·pl. 1922. pI. '1.2.3tl. ARV. 924.35; e. ClalTmonl, "Sludle' in Gre...k M)'lhology and Va", Painting:'AlA 57 llllSJ) 92·94. pl~. SO-52.17. //. '/~'n,," till",. ~'·.-Pl!l and 497 nak~"'I,

38. ANV. 1295.18. Todi 415.J9. ANV. 12%.25.10. SI..... p. bOIl.41. R. U. Inglicri. "Pl~side Policroma di Numana con la (i(onni dl Afrodlle:'RiduA,...1r 8 0940) 4'>61. figs. 1·6.

S.HLY RUTHEIlFURD ROBEIlU ?J

..

•CHAPTER IV

The Class of Berlin 3308

I. B.'rh" .1.108. Irum Aulea. Pis. 61 and 68.\.Upper portion Clf knob missing. H. 0.109. tolal prcs. H.O.loll.

D. of lid 0.141.Lid· debased tongue and dOl, wide black band. running

palmette scroll, slanting connections all parallel forming aVitru\'ian .... al·e ..... ith palmettes aligned with the axis of the border(Dinsmoor type IVA). Side of lid: debased tongue and dot.

Reserved line above frieze; below: reserved line. debased tongueand dot.

The names of Zeus. Iris. Hera and Nike are inscribed besidethe heads of the figures. ArASQN and below it En01Hl:EN.

Agathon Painter. :leus with Hera, Iris and Nike; ARV, 977. I;AA IQ (1895) 38, fig. J2 and 13; E. Simon. Opfemde Gatter. 65.

2. LOl/don E 773. from Athens. PI. 62 and Fig. IOd.Knob intact. the stem has been mended. H. 0.089. H. with lid

0.174. D. at rim 0.093. D. of lid 0.125. H. of foot 0.011.Lid: debased tongue and dot. black band. running palmette

scroll (Dinsmoor type IVA). Side of lid: debased tongue and dot.Lid imerior: reserved; bottom: reserved.

Reserved line abo\'e frieze; below: reserved line. debased toogueand dot.

The names of Iphigcneia and Danae. Helen and Klytaimcstra.

The Class of Berlin 3308 is composed of small. rather squatp}xides. The body has a shallow concave curve continued andcompleted by the curve of the outer face of the lid. The ring footi'\i low and glazed. but the contour varies considerably. Theelements framing the frieze are remarkably uniform bOlh inpattern and placement. Debased tongue and dot ornament both

It Mlmiell lex von Schoen. (4). PI. 66.2.Lid missing. H. 0.075. D. al rim 0.084. H. of foot 0.012.BOllum: dOl and IWO concentric circles.Be/UM' fn'e:e: reserved line. debased tongue and dot. black

band. Low. black tripartite fOOl.The names of Peleus. Thelis. Kymodea and Nereus are

inscribed near the upper edge of the field.Follower of Douris, Peleus and Thetis: AR V. 806. 93; R.

Lullies. Eille Samlll/urtg Gric,his,hl'r Kll:'i"/ultlst. pI. 26; Para'

It"IO/ll(!tW. 420.

of foot 0.0145.I Id black abraded area around k.nob. running palmette scroll

tDinsmoor type IVA). Side ot lid debased tongue and dot.Lid imen'or: resened: bottom same.Reserved line abO\'c frieze: belQ'K reserved line. debased tongue

and dot.Manner of Douris. Nereids; ARV. 451. 32: CVA. England 11.

Cambridge 2. pI. 26. la-d; Parulipomena. 521.

Itll. II.{ 15M lCe. 1555). from Allica.Pis. 65.1 and 68.2. Fig. lOa.

"Knub mil>sing. H. 0.11. IOlal H. preo;. 0.135. D. al rim 0.101.O. of lid 0.14. H. of foot om.

I id: debased tongue and dot. black. band. running palmettescroll (Dinsmoor type IVA). Side of lid: debased tongue and dot.Black band. resen'ed line above frieze; below: resen'ed line.

debased longue and dol.Euaion Painter. Boreas and Oreilhyia: ARV. 798. 146:

He)"demann. Gn'l:chischt' Vasenbilder. PI. 1.1; T. B. L. Webster.Poth'r alld Patron ill Classical A,hl'tu. 107. 255.

97SALLY RUTHfllfUR.O R08UITS

4. Brauru" MU:Jeum RI, fr .. from Brauron.The name of Aphrodite is inscribed to the righl of her head.

The Chicago Painter. wrath of Mcnclaus: ARV. 0.11.42;Ghali-Kahi!. H .• 93. no. 74. pI. 63.2. Compared by Beazley withLondon E 773.

J. 1/11111/11/ E 772. from AlhcnJi. PI. 63 and Fig. IOc.Knob alien. ba!ie of l>tem prcl>Cn'ed: H. 0.089. lotal H. pn'S.

0.109. D. al rim 0.086. D. of lid 0.114. H. of foot 0.013.Lid: debased tongue and dot. black band. running palmette

scrotl (Dinsmoor type IVA). Side of lid: debased tongue and dot.Lid interior: reserved; bottom: dOl and tv.·o concenlric circles.

Reserved line aboye frieze: belotl': reseryed line. debased tongueand dol. The names Thelis. Hippol)1e and Mapsaura areinscribed near the upper edge of Ihe field.

Follower of Dooris. HesperKles. ARV. 806.90. FR. pI. 57.2:AlA SO (1946) 105. fig. 12.1.

also Cassandra are inscribed near the upper edge of the field.Chicago Painter. Iphigeneia as a bride; ARV. 805.89; FR. pI.

57.1; AlA SO (946) 105. fig. 12.2; Ghali·Kahil. H.. 93. footnote 4;Parali(IQmena. 420.

h. Cllmbn'dge 1933./. from Greece. PI. bS.2.H. 0.08. H with lid. 0.127. D, at rim 0.082. D. of lid 0,105. H

rilE ATTIC PVXIS

5. Athl'lI.f. C"romicII:J IOOlJ. from Alhens.

Pis. 64 and 67.1. Fig. lOb.H. 0.{)82. H. 'dth lid 0.13. D. al rim 0.084, D. of lid 0.107, !-t.

of 1'0010.01.

Lid: debased tongues. wide black band. running palmetle scroll(Dinsmoor t)'pe IVA). Side uf lid: debased tongue and dol. Lidi/ltl'rior: reserved; bottom: same.

Rc<;en'ed tine abovc frie1c; below. reserved line. debased tongueami dOl.

Follower of Douris. Nereids fleeing to altar; ARV. 806,92; AlASO (1935) 298, fig, 23,

It seems cenain that the same potter shaped both vases.Bcazlc)' noted that "the lid is by the same hand as in London E'"In. but the figure-work seems nOI."4 The artists are Early("Iassical follo....·ers of Douris. Furt .... angler dated both \'ases to455-445 B.C.~

Berlm 3.308 (n(l. 1. PI. 611 has a shalloy, conca\e cune c1O"el)akin to the t.... o London pyxides of the class. The framingelements are identical. The pyxis is a little taller, having a heightof 0.109. The outer contour of the 10"'" glued ring foot also differs\Iightl) in that it is straight and the line from its apex slantsupy,ard to the edge of the flange.' The crowning element of theknub is missing; probabl) it .....ould have been conical resemblingthat 01 no. 2 (pI. tl2). Thi.. pyxis is of great importance in that ilbedn. the only signature of the potter Agathon. Pyxides rarelybear a polter's signature and signed uamples may be numbered onthe fingers of onc hand. A pyxis type A, in Brus~ls bean thesignature of the polter Megacle... but the inscription is modern."y,hcther O\'er an ancien! inscription or not:' 1 The \'aq' isattributed to the Pistoxenos Painter and dated ca. 480-470 D.C.'In addition there arc three signatures of the potter Gaurion onsmall p)xides of type 0' dated to the last quaner of the fifthcentury. lastly. the fragmentary inscription MAKP on a pyxilo ofl)pe A in Athens may be a signature of the painter Makron. 1c

1 he pyxis has been dated ca. 500 a.C.1IIt is clear from Ihis evidence that pyxides .....ere rarely signed by

potter or painler. When and if other signatures appear onp\ ,idcs. in vie..... of the Brussels pyxis and the forged signature ontile Misloi...... ippi pyxis.u they should be scrutinized with great care.A further consequence is that it ilo not pmsiblc to follow thec:.reer of a polter via his signature as was possible in the study ofAllic rcd·tigure cups. The only .....ay open is by a study of the-"ha pes themselves and by the pattern accompaniments regularly:Jllending a class. By these criteria it seems possible that Agathon]111ltcd nos. 2. 3. and 5 besides the pyxis in Berlin. This judgmentho\\evcr allows the pOller leeway in the shaping of the foot profile.

A pp.;s in the Ceramicus Museunl (no. 5 and 1'1. (4) closelyrelocmbles the IWO London pyxides of the c1aloS. The 10..... glazed

98

1nl' side of Ihe lids and a band below the frieze on the body. Thepallerns thus repealed form an c\'cn frame for the frieze. apictorial concept which ne\'cr occurred In the PenthesileaWorkshuplo I and 11. 'I he pattern!> employed on the IKbi aTl' alsosurprisingly consiSlcnI. The bands are placed in concentric ringsaround the knob; debased tongue or tongue and dot followed by ablack band wilh the main paltern of a running palmenc scroll setalong the perimeler. This placement of the main pattern contraslS\lo ith the emphasis on the middle band in the PenlhesileaWork~hops I and 11. The painlc~ arc followers uf Douri~. eitherunascribed. or named as the Chicago and Euaion Painters. TheAgathon Painter. a follower of Ihe Lewis Painter (Polygnotus 11),is loosely connected with the Douris tradition through influenCfion his master by the Euaion Painter. 1

The class ~tem~ chiefly from the middle years uf the fifthcentury with a 10"" er terminus about 440 B.C. A pyxis inCambridge. in the manner of Douris. dated ca. 470 8.C.•suggests that the roots of the class lie slightly earlier.

Lonclon E 773 (no. 2. PI. 621. is an elaborate example (If thec1aslo closely linked to London E 772_ The bod)' has a shallowconca\e curve. canonical for the class. and the frieze is framed byuniform patterns of tongue and dot placed above on the curvingface of the lid and belo....· on the keel. The low glazed ring foot isset well under the vase. The outer contour of the foot is convexand from its apex a horizontal line leads across to the edge of theflangc. Thc surface of the lid slopes slightly from the center to theouter edgc. The knob is elaborate. shaped much as a "kothon"2on a tall stem with a flaring base raiscd abovc the levcl of thesurface of the lid.

The profile of London E 772 (no. 3. Fig. IOc) is ~trikingly

similar to London E 773 (Fig. IOd) as may be noted in the concavecurve of the walls and convexity of the ring fool. The handle isalien but the base of the stem remains. An addition 10 thecatalogue of the British Museum states. "The remains of thehandle root suggest that the ancient handle was of similarpattern," i.e. a loop handle. This type of handle is rare on pyxidesof type A; more examples are found on pyxides of type 8.3

SAllV RUTIiEIIFURU ROBl'IITS 99

ring rom diffel1i in that its outer contour is straight and the linetram its apex slants upward to the edge of the flange as in BerlinJJ08. The knob h conical. The framing elements 3rc similar inIype and placement 10 the other ,oases of the class. The body islomall and sqU31. the diameter al the rim being 0.084, slightlygreater than the height of 0.082. In proportions. the body thusresembles London E 773 (no. 2). The artist is an unnamedfollower of Douris. The vase was dated to ca. 470 B.C. byKiibler,lJ Judging by the profile and framing elements andespecially by the palmette scroll on the lid (discussed below), thedate should he slightly later, perhaps around 460 a.c. not 50 farremoved from the date of the London pyxidcs. The running poseof the Nereids with the forward fOOl off the ground gh'~s anearlier feeling to the style than the static positions of the figuresin London E 773 and E 772. This is lhe conventional runningruse employed by Oouris for his Ncreids On cup exteriurs withrepresentations of the struggle of Pelculo llnd ThetisY The EarlyCla~loical folluwers of Douris adopt this cOlwentiulI for loimilarreprcscntations on p)'xides. The figures of Nereids and also ofPeleus on a pyxis in Munich (no. 8)1!i and another inCopenhagenll by the Painter of Villa Giulia should be compared.A noticeable differenc~ may be seen in the treatm~nt of thedrapery. The zigzag lower edg~ of th~ drapery in the representations of running Nereids by Oouds is replaced by a simple wavyline or series of arcs by the followers of Oouds in response to theadvance of naturalism in the treatment of drapery of the timeY

No. 8. Munich (ex von Schoen). is smaller and som~what

squalter than th~ other pyxides of the class. The lid is missing,giving the pyxis a strongly d~apitated aspect panicularly sincethe side of th~ lid probably was decorated with a tongue and dotpatlern to match that below the frieze. The concav~ curve of thehody is normal for the class. The outer contour of the low gla7.edfoot is convex but notched thrice. which makes it uncanonical.Huwever. when one considers the height. the profile of the fooland lhe fact that it is glazed. the nOlching may be thought of as a,ariation perhaps under the influence of the contemporaryPenthesilea Workshop. The subject maller is mylhological as on all

100 lllE ATTIC PYXIS 101

\'alo~ 01 thc class. rhe slory of Peleus and Thetis is a favorile andmost 'lppropriate as decoration fur vases used by women primarilyfor their adornment. The m)1hologicaltale of marriage by captureadorn~ t"o other \3.!>CS of the class. no. 5lPI. 64).11 no. 6 and one 10

be \'·ompan:d. C0tK'nhagen 4735 by th~ Villa Giulia Paint~r. The\3.se has been datcd ca. 460 B.e. by Lulliesll and ca. 450 B.e. bySchclold.1O

rhe ppis Cambridge 19.1.1.1 (no. 6. PI. 65.2) poses sC\'crallhflicult questions. It is attributed to Ihe manner of Oouris and is{,;ldier than the other ,'ases of the class. dating ca. 470 B.C.ll Thep'aintcr is nearer in style and time to th~ late work.s of Oouris.Ncrcids arc figured in the frieze. and on~ runs in the cOh"entionalmanner described abme with the forv.·ard foot in Ih~ air. Th~ ba.seline of the chiIon i.s \Io'avy as is normal in th~ Early Classicalperiod. bUI the further edge of the garment i.s shown. an arehaismlot the limen and a trait not seen in olher depictions of Nereidson \';lSCS of this class.

Thc \':\se is small. m~asuring 0.08 in height. and so quitecanonical for the class. The canonical knob though brok~n

seemed to Miss Lamb to belong to Ih~ vase and its shape. though.

more sknder. rescmbks the C~ranlicus ppis (PI. M). Thepla\'"Cm~nt and choice of uniform patterns of tongue and dot toframe the frieze are usual. The low. ring foot is more pronouncedin the convexity of its contour than the twO Lllndlln pyxides (nos.2 and 3), but olherwise is similar in pro£i1e. The foot is resen'edwhich is unusual. The concave curv~ of the walls is slightly deeperthan the rule. The va.se lhen appears to be the earliest member ofthe class followed about fifteen years lal~r by London E 772 andE 773. the Ceramicus pyxis and Berlin 3308. It leads one 10

inquire ~hether th~ type could have originated in the workshop ofDouris. There is liule e"idence but the little there is does not..eem to support this conclusion. There is only onc fragmentarypyxis. type A. presen'ed from Ihe hand of Oouds. London E 807.The fragment presen'es th~ inset flange. a moulding below Ihisand a small portion of th~ friez~.l) Th~ band of ~gg pattern abov~

the frieze is an unusual pattern for the class and its placement isuncanonical. In addition the projecting moulding is nOI a feature

of the class. It is true that London E 807 is only a small fragmentbut the fealUres it presen'es do not coincide with pyxides of theclass. The only other pyxis decorated by Douris is a tripod-pyxisin Mannheim.z• a type prevalent in the sixth cenlury and of whichfc\\ examples persist in red-figure.

Athens 1586 lno. 7. PI. OS.1) is allributed 10 the Euaion Painter,another follo\loCr of Douris and like him primaril}' a painter ofCUps.1S The p)'ll:i.. is the latest vase of the class dating to ca. 440a.e. and various elements of the profile haw been exaggerated.The .....alls have the characteristic shallow conca,'c curve of theclass but the lower flange projects outwards in an exa~rated

configuration. «hoed by the hooklike projection of the lid.Compare the profile of Berlin JJ08 (no. I. PI. bl). or London E 77.1(no. 2. PI. 621. The knob of Athens 1586 prO\'ed In he alienand now has been removed by Ihe kind offiees of Miss Philippaki.The base of the stem. however. is original and undoubtedly bore aknob similar to that of no. 2. The lid slopes from the eenter 10 theOUler edge as in that example. Debased tongue and dOl band..ornamenl the side of the lid and the lower keel as is normal forIhe class. The ring foot is glazed but differs in that the line fromit!> apex curves upv.'ard to the edge of the keel. an exaggeration ofthe conlour seen in Berlin 3J08 (no. I) and Munich (ex vonSchaen. no. 65).

The uniformity of patterns ornamenting the lids of thesepyxides confirm and suppon the conclusions already reached as tothe cohesiveness of the class. Debased tongue and dot forms theinnermost pattern band around Ihe handle. followed by a wideblack band between reserved circles. The main border, placedalong the perimeter, is composed of a running palmelle scroll\\ith slanting connections all parallel forming a Vitruvian wavewith palmettes aligned with the axis of the border. The palmellescroll. of which there arc six variants, was created immediatelyafter the invention of the red·figure technique around 530 a.c.n

Howe\·cr. thc popularity of this pattern \\as greatest in the dec:lde510-500 B.C., the so·called leagros period. 21 Then se\'en plumppalmeues were usually employed. when the pelals were excx'U!ed inred. Thereafter interesl in Ihis type of ornament declined, only

102 I HE ATTIC PYxts 103

fon~··two examplt:s being listed from the first three decades of thelilth century of which the lid of Cambridge 1933.1 (no. b) is one.After 470 B.C. the number of examples is so meagre Ihat they areconsidered as isolated sun'ivals by Dinsmoor. Only seventeenexamples 3re listed for the remainder of the fifth and founhcentury and it is of considerable interest that three of thet'\:amples adorn lids of red.figured pyxides of our class (nos. 1 [pI.

h~tll. 2. and J). To these mal' be added the lids of no. 5 (PI. b7.0and no. 7 (PI. 68.2). This pattern appears thell in force on lid~ of,hl' Cla.'>s of Berlin 3J08 in a period ¥ohen Ihe pattern ¥OM out IIfJa\ol.lr.

All belong 10 the vari~t)· of palm~tt~ scroll ~numerated byDin!>moor as IVA. Cambridge 1933.1 (no. 6) has the earliest formof the scroll for the class. apparent in th~ more roundedenframing tendril." The long oval frames and long stifT petals ofnO'o. 2 and 3 are indicative of their later dat~: the form of the

pallern ill no. 7 (PI. 68.2) i!> !>imilar to these. The palnleUe scroll onthe Cl'riunk-us lid (nu. 5. 1~1. 67,1) is likl' that on the lict.. of theLondon pyxides. The leaf in lhe form howev~r is sometimes'attached rather than free and there is a leaf decorating the upperspandrel in the place of the spiral on the London examples. Therunning ~croll on Agatholl's pp.h. (PI. 68.0 differs only in thepointed central pelal of each palmette. The frames are long andthere are spirals in all the spandrels with single petals at thef.lrh. Onl)' in the smallest details 3re there any different·cs: in them'crall form the palmctle scrolls are strikingly uniform. Ther",undcr frames show no. b. Cambridge 1933.1. to be earlier butthe !>crull of Alhens 1586 (110. 7. PI. 6H.2) gives no l>ign of a l>lightlylater date.

COMPARE THE SINGLETONS

COfh'lIhag/'1I 4735. from Greece.H. 0.0825. H. with lid. 0.1225. D. of rim 0.072·0.073. D. of lid

O.l06~0.107. H. of foot 0.009.

Lid: reserved addorsed palmettes. obliquely placed and linked

The profile bears a close relationship to the class. The painteris an outsider. The plain, black framing elements, though mosteffective. differ from the class as does the pattern on the lid. Notealso Ihe non-mythological subject.

The size.)O subject, choice and placement of framing elementsare similar to the class. The concave curve of the wall is simplerand the profile of the lid totally different. The side of the lid isconvex and runs counler to the concave curve of the vase:. TheVilla Giulia Painter is connected wilh followers of Douris butchiefly painlcd large pols rather than cups.JI

105

Iloith dthara, woman playing flutes for gtrl dancer and ""oman,door; RA J6 (1950) 40-75. figs. 1-2. 7·10.

Size and proportions link this p)'xis to the class. It differsprimarily in the form of the lid. The concave curve of the body isnot completed by that of the lid; the cune of the side of the lidlies .... ithin that of Ihe body. The subject is nOI mythological.Profile and framing elements seem to sho..... the black-figure artist~-nyni7a111 of the canon of the Class of Berlin JJ08 but choosing 10

go his own way.

,Athens. Agora P 8985. from Athens.

T",o frr .. one preserving about a quarter of the lid. the otherpan of the edge only. Knob broken away. D. es!. 0.11.

Tongue and line ending in dot, running palmene scroll (cenlerpetal pierces vine) Dinsmoor type IVB.

Lid -"unge: maeanders in groups of 1.....0 once three separated bycru~s squares. Lid itltf'rlQr: lrace of circle at cenler lhen two circlesand'" ide black band.

Red-figure. Deposit C 9:6. Hespaia SlIpp!l'mem V. 136. Theprofile diffcr~ from that of the class.

Ca. 450 B.C.

I HE ATTIC' PvXIS104

MUllich (ex von Schoen, 65). PI. 67.2. Fig. 10r.H. 0.097. H. with lid 0,159. D. al rim 0.104. D. of lid 0.127. H.

of fOOl 0.017.Lid; interruptM maeander 6n groups of five .....ith one of four

and one of six) and cross square. Side of lid: black. Lid interior:black; bottom: same.

Reserved line and ..... ide black band below frieze.The Painter of Agora P 14384. women (Ilo'ith mUl>ictll

inslru mems); A R V. 777.1: R. Lullies. Eille SUII/m/llng Rrif'Chisl"hl'rA/i'i"kllrw, pI. 24. 65 and pI. 25; Pur(llipuml'1lU. 410.

by tendrils springing from volutes. stopped interlocking maeandcT'li (black). Side oj lid: debased tongues. Lid imen'or: rescned;hotwm: dotted circle and t .....o concentric circles.

Below frieze: debased tongue and dot. black band.The Villa Giulia Painter. Peleus and Thctis; AR V, 625. 95;

CVA Denmark 4. Copenhagen 4. PI. 162.4.

Athens /4909. PI. 00.1\H. 0.077. H. with lid 0.120. D. at rim 0.09. D. of lid 0.115.Lid: Woman seated. playing flutes by altar to which dance five

women. column. woman; linked pomegranate. Side of lid:debasedtongues.

Tongue and dot above frieze; belo"": rays reversed.Black·figure, mistress and maid, woman dressing and woman

I. H. R. W. Smith. D.., L ....·;sm,,'.'T (Lcipsic 1939) 19·22.2. G. Ri..,htn and M. Mdn.,. Sitapt's und Names 0fAlneniatr Vast's (Ne'" York 19J5)21-22 (1'Iem""hoe): CH. I nu. 55. plo XXV; Ago'" XII. pp. 1~-ISI ~KrJ\h('lnJ anll""r"Tenre<; lluotcd ,her,,; InK"oorll Schciblcr. "Exalciptra,'" Jdl 79 tl%4) 72-1011.fip. 13 and 29. The placrmcnl uf a perlume PO' as a crowning knob on a ppis issu~ti,'e of in function as a toikl article and also of Ihe fa<'1 that buth weresuitable gifts for the "·eddings. The women in the horn" ate named as hcroi!K.':'> inIlK: represcnlatkm on London E 773. "Th" 'Iphigenda' may ha"" been thought of asa bride." noted Beat,",y in ANV, 805.89.J. Ppides nftyrt' B "11h loop handles: ARV. 963.98 I'ulda. Web.: ANV. 963.96London D 12: A RV, 1()q4, 104 Louvre CA 587. Ther~ ii ahu a r~'tI·figurt py~is. Iy~

B. from the C~ramltUS gravt 115 2\7 dated 4o()·450 B.C. and a py~is. ly~ B. rromHS 89 decoraled .. ith net palt~rn ..·hieh probably Ixlre such a handle dated ca. 420R.e.4. ANY. SOb. 90.5. ,.-R, pI. 57.2 and p. 291.6. AA 1008(5) 38. fig. 12.7. ANY. lS63. 31 "Mrs. Callipo1itis·Fcytman~"a, nlll allowed to clean the ,ase:' Itwould only be by cleaning that ont CQlJld be sure .. heth"r 01' nUl lh"r~ was ananci"nl im.\:riplion undcr the modern l~l1~n.

8. Dc:l1ise Feytman~, LI'.1 "11.11'.1 g'('{'.1 dl' lu IhbUu/h:-qlll' Nl~\'/lll' d,·IJi·lgiqlll' (Brussels1lJ4!\) p. 54 for dale and discussion or l~ ~illnalUre "'hich thc author considers IQ ~

a forgery.~. ANV, IJbO. 1·3.10. AllY. 458: 47~. 336.11. B. Graef and E. Langlotz. Oil' Illl/ik,>" VU)I'It I'lm d," Akml")/'J ;" A/h,-"(Berlin 1(30) 11. n". St>O. pI. 43.12. S~..., arnwc p. 70 urlll n"te 2b.13. Karl Kuble•. "I\usgrauunll"n 1m KcramclkO!>:' AA 50 (1935) 2'N, till. 2.1.1-1. AIlV. 431. 44; l.. 1\. Stella. llli/Ologia Gn-ell. 410; AR\'. 4-11. 185. School.pi\~?; Stella. 421 and 427. belo... The 110'>" i~ nut confined to Nc.";,k cf. 1\1hmtuun a .. bite ground Iek}1hos in Cl<:>'eland of Ihe early middle period U'u,ulip","l'"u..llh. 21>h bis: (·VA. U.S,I\. 15. C1evel3nd 1. pI,. 32·331 and lhe laler ar}hallO"i .. ilh abu~ pur~ued bl botes lARV. 447.27-1: vreitenhag<'n. G,il'ChiJ\·h,· End"". 59. figs,43·-15),15. R. Lullie!>, Ej",- Sum",Ir"'g griff/llJch", Kleinhul.ll (Munich 1(55) pI. 26.16. eVA, Denmark 4, Copenhagen 4. pi. Ib2.4.17. Richter and Hall. 89. Numerous examples of use of this conventional runningpose may be noted in pursuit scenes of the period 475-450 B.C. See ph. h9. 72. 73.99. IUS.18. The subject is here abbte~ia(ed as only neeing Nereids arc ponraycd. The sameis true for Cambridge 1933.1 (no. 6).19. R. Lullies. Ein" Sommlung gn·"chi,<,Jr.., KI..inkunst. 29.20. K. Schefold. Mpi,I"'-..·I"k.<- gri,·,'hi.>d"·T KunJl (Ba~le 1%0151.21. eVA. Grea1 Brill.in I t. Cambridge 2. pI. XXVI. la·d.

22. Rrchler and J-1all. 119. For a similar ""ndmon in Douns cf. ARV. 446.266:,\/wlAnl 31 (I'l27) 331. till, 1-12. The tigure of Iphl~nc1a

23, ARV. 447. 275; P. lIan..-ig. Dtt> gnN:lr"d"-,, M"i'fl'nchul..n (Stul1gart 18(3)

fig. oB and p. 026,2-1. ARV. 447. 276; CVA. Gem1any 13. Mannheim 1. pI. 2b. l. 0·7 and pI. 32.5.

25. ARY, 798. 146 "'ale."26. w. B. Din~moor. "The Athenian Treasury as Dated by il\ Ornament." AlA 59

(1946) 9JtT.n. find.. 97. 10-1 (onc hundred and e1ght uamples noted).28. Ibid.. 109·111. fig. 12, \·2 and nQ!;, I54A. I54B and 152.1'1. CVA. Gre:u Brilarn 11. Cambridge 2. pI. xxv!. Id.30. Hel1e Salsko, Robe.1\ kindl)' eummcd tbe vase and .. rute as foHows: "Th~

glaze of rn,. -1735 (Villa Giulia Pamtel) is :;om"",ha1 une.enl) coloured, but l'Cems to~ be ul' lhc same kmd on bolb lid and OOA. Although the lid is broken .nd a bit of lb~

ll10cr rim missing it lits e~tremdy .. ell and I dun't Ste any reawn fur ~uspecting thutit II".:s not belong:' Th~ meaSllrement~ listed in the eataluxue welT aiM! lak"n by

lhe arnwe scholar.

lOb THE Arf/C PYX'S

NOTES, CHAf>'1 FR IV

SAlJ,Y RlTTHERFURD ROBERTS 107

108 THE ATTIC Pvx,s

•

CHAPTER VLater Fifth Century Pyxides

of Type A

In the last thiny years of the fifth century the pyxis of type A isno longer the predominant type and the number of examples hasdwindled down to a few. Those which art preserved arcexceptionally varied. Some follow the tradition of the PenthesileaWorkshop 11 hUI show occasional influence of the domedformation of the lid of the pyxis type C. now preeminent innumbers and innuen~. A spirit of elaboration is evidenced in theform as well as in Ihe decoration; the first double pyxis appearsaround 430 D.e. This example stands at the head of a serieswhich extends through the firsl half of the fourth century.Independent miniature pyxides appear of about the size of pyxisknobs. A few odd pyxides show a dependenc}' on the tradition ofthe Class of Berlin 3308 in their proportions. ring foot and knobtypt. The number of odd pyxides rises in proportion to thosebelonging to classes. There is evKlen~ of py.l.ides being made inother materials during this period especially among those of typeC. A curious reflection of this trend may be seen in a pyxis. typeA, with a lid decorated in relief. The diversity of models beingmade is also shown by the fact that where two pyxides are paintedby the same anist they are sometimes of quite different profiles. Asingle unifying feature is the contour of the wall which either hasa shallO\\' concave curve or approximates a cylinder.

110 SAllY RUTHER~URDR081lRTS III

THE KOINE CLASS

I. Alhf'1IS 13676a. from Athens. PI. MU. Fig. Ila.Base of stem presen'ed. knob missing. H. 0.116. total H. pres.

0.128. D. at rim 0.09. D. of lid 0.127. H. of fool 0.034.Lid: egg and dot. wre.ath of h"}' lea\"es (black). egg and dot. LiJ

j"terior: dot. circle. band. bottom: center damaged. trace of band.Black moulding. rescned irregular band abo\"c frieze: below:

egg and dot betVocen reser\'cd bands.Painter of Athens 1585. "'oman seated \\ilh women (miSITe"iS

and maids) and Nike; ARV. tJ60.J.Ca. 410 H.C.

2. Athens /585 (CC. 1561). PI. 69.1. Fig. lib.Lid missing. H. 0.12. O. at rim 0.096. H. of foot 0.035.801l0m: dOl and two concentric circles and outer circle.Black moulding. reserved irregular line abcn'c frieze: /xolow: egg

and dOl.Painter of Athens 1585. woman St'ated with women (mistress

and maids) and Ems: ARV. 1360.2: EAA. I 871. fig. 1091.

3. Athens. Cerumieus Museum, from HS 89. Fig. I le.H. 0.144. H. I"ith lid 0.213. D. at rim 0.124. D. of lid 0.179. H.

of foot 0.038.Lid· egg and dot. circumscribed palmenes with raised hearts

painted white. black glazed band. maeanders in groups of Ihree(once two) separated by saltire squares. Lid imen'or: dot andcircle. wide outer black band between two circles; bottom: same.Sidp of lid: egg and dot.

Black band. reserved band above frieze: below: reserved band.egg and dol.

Red-figure. Eros and bride, women: Klaus Vierneisel. "DieAusgrabungcn im Kerameikos." AA 1 {I 964) 432ff.. fig. 24.

Ca. 4]0 H.C.

of lid 0.1.34. H. of fOOl 0.031.Lid' debased longues. myrtle and berry. herringbone.Black moulding. irregular reserved line above frieze: bt'/ow'

debased tongues. bet"'een resen'ed lines on sloping keel.Painter of Florence 4217. women: AHV. 1223.4: C. Smith.

Ccl/ulopllt' of ,hI' Grt't'k and Etruscutl Vuses in thf' Bn'tlSh

Musf'um. Ill. E 780.

S. Cambn'dgt' 168. PI. 72.3.H. 0.125. H. I'ith lid 0.18. D. al rim 0.095. D. of lid 0.124. H.

01 foot 0.03... Lid' debased tongues. spirals. chevrons. Lid imt'n'or: circle and

hand: bottom: dOlled circle. band.Hlad moulding. reserved band ahm'e frieze; below: debased

IOngues between resen'ed lines.Painter of Florence 4217 ......omen: ARV. 1223.5: E. A. Gardner.

A Cuwloguf' 01 the Gr"I'k VU~I'S ill ,he' Fit: .....U/ium Museum

ClImlm·dRf'. 69.

6. Athens 13028. from Athens. PI. 71.H. 0.115. H. with lid 0.155. D. at rim 0.092. D. of lid 0.122. H.

of fOOl 0.0.34.Litl· egg and dot. black band. tongue and line (black) between

rcsern:d lines. egg and dot. Lid ;men'or: dOl, circle. band;

bol/n".: same.Black moulding, irregular reserved band above frieze: below:

egg and dot.Red-ligure. woman seated to right playing a tympanon. a woman

coming from her left holds out a mirror while a womanapproaching from her right extends an alabastron, an opened boxand scarf in thc other hand. Next two women rush to the rightlooking back ovcr their shoulders. one with mirror and kalathos.the other with a taenia and a basket and taenia.

Ca. 4/0 e.C.

4. Lundun E 780. from Athens. PI. 70. Fig. lid.Knob missing. H. 0.13. lotal H. pres. 0.143. D. at rim 0.107. D.

7. Arhens 1287.H. 0.145. H. with lid 0.214, D.

PI. 69.3.at rim 0.117. D. of lid 0.145.

112 [nr ATTIC PVll:1S SALLY RUTHEJtfliRD ROBEJtn 113

Disk·like knob ..... ith horizontal grOO\-C along lo\\,cr edge.crowned b)' conical member and supponed by stem s.... ellinglowards apex. Slightly domed lid. Box: shalloy. COnC3\"C cunc 10.... all .. wilh projecting lo.....er keel. Tall foot with three squarednUlches. Lid: egg pattern. panther and swan confronted. swan andpanther confronted. lion left. egg and dot. cr. animal slyle to lidof Oxford 1934.330 (see footnole 9). Bottom: small central circle.circle. band.

Black moulding. reserved band above frieze: bt'ic,JW: reservedline, egg and dot between black lines.

Red·ligure. chain of Ii\C .... OO1el1 dancing rightward led by a.....oman playing [he double nute. Altar between fourth and fifth.....oman.

Late 5th·early 4th century 8.C.

The vases listed above are clearly dependent in their shape onthe tradition of the Penthesilea Workshop 11. They are ofSlandard size with a long body wh~ shallow concave curve \'ariesin degree and in some approaches the cylinder, The lall resen'cdIripartite foot echoes the contour of the wall and has thecharacteristic rounded or squared notches. These pyxides mighty,ell ha\'e been appended to those of the Penthesilea Workshop 11except for the formation of ~nain of the lids which show theinfluence of t~ of type C (nos. I. 4, 6-7). The painters are notconnected with the Penthesilea Workshop: the shape has nowbecome common property.

Athens 13676a (no. t. PI. 69,2), by the Painler of Alhens 1585, isthe key piece preserved almost intact but for the crowning knob.The surface of the lid is slightly domed with a ridge articulatingthe juncture with the outer rim, The lid is decorated with egg anddot borders flanking a graceful black ivy wreath. The ivy patternis new and unparalleled on lids of type A but an almost exactcounterpart may be seen on a fragmentary lid of a miniaturep)Xis t}pe C from the Athenian Agora (P 13097. 1'1. 72.2).1 Herethe h'y leaves are red with stem. tendrils and berries in addedday. The wreath is enframed by narrow bands of egg and dolpallern as on Athens 1.3676.

The foot profile is distincthe, its conca\'e cun"e beinginterrupted by a step below the apex. Athens 1585 and CeramicusOIS 89) hne an identical foot profile. This is a variant on theusual profile of the Penthcsilea Workshop occurring earlier onAthens Agura P 24253 (Fig. Se) by the Veii Painter' and also onCambridge 4.1943 by the Curtius Painter. J

The shape of Athens 13676a is mirrored by that of Athens 1585tno. 2. PI. 69.1 and Fig. lib). the name-piece of the painter. The:'

lid unfortunately is missing but the measurements as well as theprolilt.~ are very close. The egg and dot border below the frieze isidentical. It seems eenain that the same potter produced both~asc~,

SUlllcwhal earlier than tht.'Se is a pyxis in the Ceramicus (no. 3.Fig. lie) found with a hydrill attributed to the eariy work of theMeidias Painter. a pair of lebetes gamikoi by the WashingPainter. a patterned pyxis type B and other \'ases in an offeringtr~neh dated 10 the years around 420 B.C.~ The concave cun'e ofthe y, ails is more pronounttd than in nos. I and 2 and resemblesmore closely Ihat of LOIn're LP 2692 (PI. 42). from the PenthesileaWurhhup 11. The disk knob on a high slender stem whose base isdirrcr~ntiated from the Ic\'el of the lid is familiar in a number ofexamples from the Pcnthesilea Workshop (PIs. 22 and 2(».s Thelout profile is like that of nos. I and 2. The cuntour of the side ofthe lid is unusual and 1 have yet to find a c1O!1oe parallel amongpyxides of types A and C: that of the fragmentary double PYXls.Athens Agora P 16924 (PI. 75.2) and also the fragmentary pyxis lid.type C. P 96.' 3re somewhat similar.

London E 780 (no. 4. PI. 70) and Cambridge 168 (no. S, PI. 72.3)arc ascribed to the Painter of Florence 4217 who is also known to

ha~e decurated a few pyxides of type B.' The lid of the Cambridgepp:is has a disk knob on a tall slender stem which blends into thesloping surface of the lid. characteristics typical uf mediocre workuf the Pcnthesilea Workshop. The lid of no. 4 resembles that of 110.

I (Athens 13676a. PI. 69.2), There was a central knob (now brokenay,ay). and then a slightly domed section separated from the outerrim by a ridge-the two latter features borrowed from lids of typeC. The contour of the side of the lid does not continue the line of

COMPARE

the wall of the box as in Athens 13676 (Fig. Ilal and as is generallythe rule. ho.....c\·er. the glazed and resen'ed areas ofbolh box and lidmatch in color and the two appear 10 belong. Not only are the newform and traditional Penlhesilean lids contemporary but they maJbe fuund side by side in pyx;des made in the same .....orkshop andpainted by the 103mc an;sl.

115

VARIOUS TALL SINGLETONS

I he following pp.ides stem from the period ca. 430-420 D,e.I he) ha\'C' lal1. slender proportions and lids with tall. elaborateknobs. The fOOl \aries. The style of certain painters of Ihe lalerlihh century has onl)' been recognized on pyxides. This is true ofIhe Painter of Athens 17191 (no. 2). and among others. thePainter of Athens 1585 (ARV. 1360. 1-5) and the Drouot PainterlA HV. 1223. 1-7).

2.4,11,'//\ 1719/. froll1 Athens.11.0.136. H.....,ith lid 0.025, D. at rim 0.126. D. of lid 0.175.Lid poorly fired: bOlh lid and knob .....arped. Conca\'e curve to

",,11 much strengthened at base. tripartite foot.Lid: flat upper surface. knob: conical member surmounting

I. AmSll'rdam. Allard Pierson Museum 623. from Athens.11,0,121. H. with lid 0.206, 0, of lid 0.138, H, of foot 0.018.Shallow concave cun'e to wall strengthened al base. lid slopes

from center to outer edge. knob: conical member surmountingdi!<lk-like rorm on stem swelling towards its apex, Base of Slemraised abO\'e le\el of lid. Ring foot.

Lid: egg with double borders. black band. oblique palmelles.Side or lid: egg pallern.Tongues below frieze.Red·figure. bride (?) and two attendant female figures. fi\'e

....omen with musical instruments: CVA. Holland 2. ScheuleerMuseum 2, pI. J. 4-6. Measurements kindl)' supplied by Miss M.

11. Groothand.

"nob t)pe of Ihe C\lo York Pl'tis by the Penthesilea Painler (PI.

20.1) which slarted the canon. The knob of Athens 1287 dlffeTS inhllhtness and in il.'i conical crowning finial. In both the stem~\\el1s to.....ards its apex. Athens 1287 forms a link between Ihis"'l'r;L'S or vases and the single ppides of type A of the first half of

the fourlh century.-

THE ATTIC PYXJs114

The profile of a lid from the Athenian Agora (Fig. 70 is likethat of no. S. It comes from a well, the great proportion of ..... hosefigured wares date in the lasl quarter of the fifth cenlury. Theprofile is also sinlilar to lids of Munich 2720 (Fig. 7a) and LondonE 774 (Fig. 7e). both of the Class of Munich 2120 and attributed10 the Drouot Painter. The Agora lid adds additional evidencethat lids uninfluenced by those of type C and following the oldercanon of Ihe PcnthesiJea Workshop and dependent ~'orkshops

were still being made in the last quarter of the fifth century.Athens 13028 (no. 6. PI. 71) and Athens 1287 (no. 7. PI. 69.3)

retain lids similar in profile 10 no. I (Athens 13676, PI. 69.2l. Thebase of the stem is formed in IWO degrees and the surface of thelid convex with a step down to the outer rim. The stem of theknob of no. 6 .....as once broken but it is certain that the knobbelongs. I The heavy knob has a flattened domed upper memberseparated from the downturned rim of the lower by a reservedhorizontal gron\'e. the whole surmounted by a low disk, It seemsprobable that this is a late fifth «ntury transformation of the

A,hms. AgorYl P 10573. from Athens. Fig.7r.lid. of which handle missing. H. pres. 0.036. 0.0.123.Lid: egg and dot, tongue and dot. herringbone.Black'patterned lid of a red-figured pyxis. type A; P. Corbeu.

"Auk POllery of the Later Fifth Cenlu'1'," HesfWda 18 (1949) no.54. pi. 91; AKnru XII, 384. DcpO!>it B IS: I dated ca. 425-400 a.c.

DOUBLES

I. Ferruru T. 27 C VP. from Spina. PI. 73.Sccondary lid missing. Stem of pyxidion mended to lid in

antiquity.H. 0.153. total H. pres. 0.223, D. at rim 0.129, D. of lid 0.165. H.

offoot.o.045, D. at rim of pyxidion 0.06.Slightly domed lid r;:urmounted by small pyxis, type C, on slender

stem. Slightly concave, tripartite foot.

117

2. Athells. Agora P (3097.fr.. from Athens. PI. 72,2.D. est. 0.07. Lid of miniature pyxis type C.ShallO" domed I'd with narTow ~wer rim.Lid. small ~ntral clay medallion. egg and dot. resefYed ivy

lea"·cs, turned alternately outward and inward. stem. tendrils andberTies in added clay, narTOW egg and dot band. Undersideunglazed.

Red-figure. Agora XII. 396 Deposit 0 19:4. This pyxis fromdumped tilling. For ivy pattern cL lid of Athens 136763 by Painterof Athens 1S85 dated ca. 410 D.e.

Lid tongue and dot, black band bctvo'een reserved lines.lcrtical. circumscribed palmeues alternating .,,·ith 10tus DO'I\ers,,:r()\l\ ned by tiny palmeHC5 and linked by a scroll, spirals in upper~pandre1s, egg and dot, inverted. Side of lid: laurel. Reserved lineabo"'e frieLe and helo" then black band and egg and dot. AHJ\OLtn'iCribed above seated figure of Delos.

Marlay Painter, Apollo with Artemis, Leto, Dclos and Hermes:ANV. 1277.22: Ant> Anticu e Modernu (1%6) 173-178. figs.70~72.

ell. 4.10 H.C.

3. Alhelu. Agoru P /2975. fr.. from Athens. PI. 72,1.

Lid missing. stem broken, H. pres. 0.031. max. D. at rim 0.057.D_ 0.071.

Miniature pyxis, type C. which served as the knob of the lid ofa pyxis, type A. Inset flange for lid. shallow concave curve tosides, sloping projecting keel at base. underside elaboratelymoulded.

laurel wreath on body, debased tongues on 1000'er flange.Red-figure. Area 0 20.

I Second quarter fourth century.

4. AlllellS. Agoru P /6924 frr.. from Athens.PI. 74,2·74.3.75,2. Fig. 12a.

Two non·joining fragments of a lid of type A with a miniaturepyxis type A serving as a knob. Lid of miniature missing. bodyabout half preserved, stem broken.

1 HE ATTIC PnISlib

J. Vienna 37/9 (ex Dlum-Blank-cheW.Half of ring handle restored. H. 0.117. H. ,.·jth IkI 0.187. D. of

lid 0.128. H. of foot 0.021.Wall cylindrical with Joo,l;er sloping keel echoed by contour of

lid flange. Ring handle on support of hourglass formation. Flaringtripartiu~: foot.

Lid: debased tongue and dOl, running palmelle scroll. slanting(,:onnections all parallel forming a Vilruvian wave with palmetlesstrictly aligned with axis of border. Side of lid: groups ofmaeanders ~parated by chequcr squares. black band.

Black band, reserved line above frieze: below: maeandersseparated by chequer squares. egg (with double borders) and dot.

Red-figure. women, CVA, Austria 1, Vienna I, pI. 48. 7-8 andpI. 49, 1-3, L. Curtius, "Pentheus," Winde(mQnnsprogramm 88(l929) 5. figs. 9-1 t.

echinoid-like form on stem whose base' is ra~ above the 1el'el ofthe lid.

Lid; debased tongues !black). black band bt'tween reserYedlines. vertical circumscribed palmettes alternating with bouquetsof lea\'es. black band between reserved lines. laurel and berryOeaves on outside of stem only). J"ten'or of lid: black: bottom:dotted circle. circle, outer circle. band. Grafilto.

Laurel and berry below frieze.Painter of Athens 17191, horseman. with youths and woman:

ARV, 1222.1: CVA. Greece 2. Athens 2. pI. 29.

•

h. IJrollrOlI /80 fr .. from Brauron.MinialUre ppis. type A. whieh sen'ed as the knob of the lid of

a pp-is type A. Presen'ed: low'er portion of sloping wall. projectinglower keel. tall stem (broken below) connected to keel by cuo'edcontour.

S. A /lIf'11$, Agora P 24296. fr .. from Athens. PI. 75,1.Fragment (If small pyxis type A. which served as knob of a lid

Ill" a pyxis type A. Portion of IOlh'1 wall preserved and projectingIOIH'r keel. Underside elaooralelv moulded around broken stem10.0.035), H. pres. 0.036, 0, ptl'l>, :I.t 10"'er part 0.093.

Heart 01 palmetlc on acanlhus Iea\'t's, interlocking stoppedlIl:lcanders and chequer square. two black-glaze raised rings. Eggun lower keel.

!'atterned; found in Agora a~a. exact prO\'enance unknown.

The evidence for this the most elaborate form of pyxis type A III

the later fifth century is very limited. But for an almost intactexample from Spina. a few fragments from the Athenian Agoraand Braurun. one would not have been aware that the lype existedprior 10 the second quarter of the fourth century. Evidently t.....o\'ariants of the type were made. a pyxis type A with a pyxidion oftype C serving as a knob and a pyxis type A surmounted byminiature pyxis of the same type. The combination of the two typesof pyxides sen'cs as a \'isual reminder of the contemporaneity of

119SALLY RUTHERFt:RD ROBERn

l~~ A and C and suggests that the potter "ho made one type.made lhe other. The c1assificatK>n of the doubk pyxis is based onthat factor alone. The evidence at hand indicates that the mam lidwas slightl} domed as in those of type C and the pyxidionsupported on a li"tem swelling toward its apex. Judging by thenumber.> presened the t)PC became more popular in the first halfof the fourth century.

Ferrara. T. 27 C VP (no. I. PI. 73) has been preserved intact butfor the lid of the p)'xidion of type e. The principal lid is slightlydomed and the pyxis knob is joined to it by a slender stem which,,"ell.. at the junctiun, The walls of the box approach the cylindricaland the lower keel is pronounced in its extension. The flaring footi!> tripllftite, The lid of the pyxidion was undoubtedly slightlydomed with a lower rim as in the lids of those of standard size. Fora miniature lid of type C see Athens. Agora P tJ097 (no. 2. PI.72.2) which is identical with the standard \'ersion exccpt that thesmalll'entral clay medallion is not pierced to rccei\'e the u..ual ringhandle. This miniature lid must have belonged either to such apyxidton or to an independent miniature vase.

The pyxis has been allributed to the Marlay Painter who alsoderoratt.'d pyxides of type C and an additional type A of anothermodel.I' The vase dates to ca. 430 B.e. and thus prm'ides preeiousc\idence for the production of such elaborate \'ases sixty yearsbefore the Kerch l>erK.~.1J A "fourth ccn!Ury' type b, thus shO\o\n 10han' its origin in the later fifth century.

Athens. Agora P 12975 (no. 3. PI. 72.1). is a fragmentarypp, id ion uf type C from such a double vase. The hastily paintedwreath is the usual decoration of such boxes of standard size. Thedate is difficult to determine and unfortunalely the vase does notcome from a numbered deposil. u

No, 4 (Pis. 74.2-74.3. 75.2) is a fragmentary example uf the~crond variety. a pyxis type A surmounted by a pyxidion of thesame type. Of the box only the main lid is preserved whose com'excentral area. lower rim. 3nd broad two step stem-base as well a~ itsmodest diameter 01'0.014 show it to be from 3 ppis. type A. The!>tcm i~ broken just 3bo\'e the base. The pyxidion has slightly('onca\'e walls and a sloping lower keel from "hich the contour

THE ATTIC PYXIS118

Lid: H. pres. 0.037. 0.0.140. Box: H. pres. 0.062. D. at rim11.061.

In~et flange for lid. shallo\\ concan~ cun"c 10 sides with 10'l1'cr.~l()ping projl."Cting keel.

Ud' si~ \'crtical palmclles v.ilh a dot on either side of one,Interlocking maeanders in groups Of five (once six and once three)\eparated by chequer square. 80.' IWO \'ertical palmclles \\ith\\ hite hearts and most of a third he middle one is flanked bydots: /ul\'j" kl'd: egg pattern.

ned-figure. Agortl XII, 384. Deposit A·B 21·22:1 dated ca.120-.190 R.e.

120 lilT ATTIC PVXIS SALLY RUTHERFUJlD Ra.ERTS 121

slopes do" nward to join a thkk '>tern. 11 should be nOled Ihat thl.'~tt'm of a double pp:i.. swells to\\ards its Junetun' with the pplisknob. Compare the slender stem of the Ferrara pyxis lno. 1) andal~() the thicker later (ourth ccntu'1' examples Leningrad <)70 11 andAthens 1635 (PI. 84.21,10 The lid and pyxidion bear a mall'h;n~

palmeuc pallern.Onl), the !o\\er ponion of the .... all of a pyxidion of type A (no. 5.

PI. 75.1) is presened. Two raised glazed rings aniculate tht,junction of the base and projecting !lw;cr keel. Groups of Sloppedinterlocking maeandcn. !loCparatcd by a chequer square is a patternborder much fa\ored in the last quarter of the fifth centuf) and Ihebeginning of the fourth ccmuf)'.u

Schcfold Usa fhe pn:idc!I. I\pC A. of double format in hisKerch series dating 3 '\·350 a.l.u The same tvo'O varieties arerepmented. an A cro~ ned by a p)'xidion of type C and an A witha pyxidion of the same t}pe. The lids are domed ....·ith the rim at alower Ic\el and the pyxidia supported on a single stem .... ith theexception of Berlin 3373. TIle boxes are of the tall long· bodiedt)pe with a projl..'Cting lu~cr h-cl. Athens IbJ5 (PI. 84.2. Iig. 12d.H. 0.18. H..... ith lid 0.27) ahd Berlin J37J (H. 0.155 and H. withlid 0.313) are the tallest ppides of type A recorded. Leningrad970 ..... ith a total preserved height of 0.21 Oid of pyxidion missing)h more moderatc and closer to the height of single pyxides of theKerch ~crie~ They are not all of the same clan; Copenhagen 479(PI. 83,1) is exceptionally ..mall with a H. of 0.077 and H. with lid01 0.126; tht' box is of squat proportions and the lid not of theusual shallo..... domed configuration.

Copenhagen Chr. VIII 982 (PI. 8J.2) is yet of a different model.The upper surface of the lid is convex with a lower rim as is, usualhut the profile of the side differs. Instead of the usual beak (as inLeningrad. Athens or Berlin) a short section of concave contourprojects down.....ards to cover the inset flange of the box. In additionthe pyxis knob is not a real miniature receptacle but merely apesthe shape of a pyxis type A. Unlike the pyxidia of Athens Ib35.Leningrad 970 and Berlin 3373. it does not echo the form of Ihemain box.

Ihl' datc range of this M'riC!i seems to utcnd from about 430HC dll~n to the end of the fifth century or the beginning of the,umh Then after a considerable lapse 111 time the series

\ "ntmue'!; from about 370-350 S.C. at .... hich time it disappeani.

MINIATURES

I. Hl'di" f' 2510, from Attica. PI. 74.1. Fig. 12b.Lid missing. H. 0.067. D. at rim 0.047. H. of foot 0.022.Miniature p}xis ~ith shallo~ ("onC8\'e ("un'e strengthened at

ha~. lall stand.Blal'k band. re~ned band abmc frieze; belo\\': leaf and dart.Hed-ligure. Er~ and seated .... uman. women; CVA. Germany

n, Berlin 3. pI. 139. 5-7.Cu. 430-410 IJ.c.

2. NI'lf Yurk 06.1021.154. Fig. 121'.H. 0.03, H..... ilh lid 0.047. D. at rim 0.037. D. of lid 0.049. H.

.,1 loot 0.005.Miniature pyxb. .... ith conical knob on tall stem, lid .....ith central

l.tl'\Crl area and step down to rim. Box: (.'Oncave ..... ilh tripartite

hou(.

J ul '·ertica!. circunlScribed palmettes with leaf above and

he Iow III illl' r..ticcs.WlIll decOlatccl with wreath of laurel and berry.'h·c\-Iigurc. patlerned: Richter and Milne. fig. 142.

'<1. 4]/I-.J10 11.1.

J. Ar!lt·lls. Agnru P 10<J.'ilJ. from Athens. PI. 75,4. Fig. 7g.lid missing. insel llance, slightly concave wall. sloping lower

keel. Traces of three openings in fom. i.e. tripartite foot.H. pres. O.Ob. D. at upper l1angc 0.065.Black ray~ on sloping keel belo~ frieze.If';jjum: rcsen'cd \.dlh a glazed circle.Compared with the Drouot Group. woman pursued by Eras.

woman pursued by Eras; ARVI. 760; I/C's/X'n'a 18 (1949) 299 and

.118. PI. 85.21 (Corbeu): Apor<l XII. 384 Deposit B 15:1 ca.1\.:'5-400 a.e.

7. A/III'IIS 13676b. found with Alhens IJ676a in the foundation ofa house opposile Polytechneion. Athens.

H. 0.037. H. with lid 0.05. D. at rim 0.062. D. of lid 0.076. H.

b. BrUllron Museum 302, lid fr.. from Braumn.Brok~n on all sid~s. 0.054 by 0.02.Red-figure. woman pouring wat~r from a hydria over

crouching nude woman attended by Eros and anolher figure.AIltK. Beiheft 1 (1963) no. 52. pI. !J.8. Lid of miniature orpyxidion?

170·150 B.C.

123SALLY RUTH£ltFURD RO.EaTs

of foot 0.007.Domed lid with slightly raised ring around center. reserved

groove around frieze. Ring foot.I jJ frie:e; two female heads right: one female head left.Scrolls between the heads. egg and dot on rim.Red·figure. hare vs. feline; hare; swan vs. swan. Miniature pyxis

11PC C. Two con~ntric marks 1efl on center of lid by metalmroallion. no\Oo missing. Singleton.

A "cry small number of tru~ miniature pyxides of type Aappear in th~ last decades of th~ fifth century. They are amiscellaneous group comparable in size to pyxidia.

Berlin F 2520 (no. J. PI. 74.1. Fig. 12b) has :In inset Ilangc forthe missing lid and a wall of a shallow concave curn strengthenedat the base. It is supportcd by a tall solid st3nd unparalleled inceramic example'i of slandard SiZ~.11 This pyxis is a('tually smallerthan the py~idion Athens. Agora P 16924 (PI. 74.2. Fig. 12a). asmay he 'iet:n bl a CQmparison of th~ profil~s and measurements.The dccoraliun of the Berlin pyxis is Ih~ usual scheme inmini:lIurc. a frieze with a paltern band below.

No ('xact parallel for the form of no. 2 (New York 06.1021.154.Fig. l2e) has becn preserved among standard size pyxides. The lidha... a raised central tondo with a step down to the lower rim; Iheknob is ('onkal on a relatl\'cly tall Slem. The lid flange is setslightly inside the line of the conca\'C wall of the box and thusdoes not complete the curve of the wall in Ihe usual mann~r. Thehox is decorated with a wreath of 1ea"cs. the customaryadornment of a pyxis type: C. A small neat band of palmeuesencircles the knob. The vertical palmettes are circumscribed witha leaf abm'e and below in Ihe interstices. The sam~ paltern withsome difference in delail is sometimes found on lids of Iype c.a

rhe pyxis dates ca. 420·410 B.C.Athens, Agora P 10459 (no. 3. PI. 75,4). compan:d with the

Druuot Group. is a fragmentary pyxis wilh an almost cylindrical.... all and boldly projecling lower flange characteristic of pyxides ofIh~ later fifth ('entury (cf. the Koin~ aass. Pis. 69.1·2). andresembles lhat of Ihe p}"Xidion P 16924. The py:a:is comes from a

'liE ATTU PYJI:n121

4. Alh/'IU'. Agoru P 844/ fr.. from Athens. PI. 75 ..1.Lower "all with projecting keel and fragments of tripartile foot

jlrescn'cd. H. prcs. 0.04. 0.0.09.

Black line between resened lines. debased tongue and dOlhelow frieze. Underside rcsen"ed with dotted cirde and band.

Red-figure. Eros nying right after woman right with fringedpancrned se,an. Eros flying right to\o\'ard draped woman holdingpatlerned fringed scarf to her Idl (only lower portion of figurespr~~cn·ed). For discussion of subject and patterned fringed scarfs\1.:l" 1I1'·~I'I'n'1I 18 (949) 311·313. no. 7 (Icbes gamikos) and noteol'crlap (If iconography; AgurtI XII. 384 UcJXISil B lJ:b r;l.425-400 D.e.

S. IJroUroll Museum 450. from Braurun.lid missing. H. 0.07. D. at rim 0.042. H. of foot 0.021.Inset n3ng~. ('on('ave wall. projecting lo",er ked. tall closed

1'001.

Rt:d.figure. "'oman right lOoith IWO kibOlia looking back :11 Ems.ETOlo right aftcr woman with kibotia and fillet. A dlKlr in the Odd.For the f(Klt cr. Bcrlin ~ 2530 and 110te also inOuencc from lallstemmed marble pyxis cf. Boston 38.!J99 (fJMf"A 37 f19J9] 74.75.ligs. 1·2).

4111 CPnluf)' B.C.

124 THE Arnc PVXIS SALLY RUTHEil.FURD ROIERTS 125

wdl on the southern slopes of the Kolonos Agoraios. whichproduced a large proportion of fed-figured pottery. The potter)' isconsidered to have been thrown in all at one time and must bedatablc tu 425·400 B.C. Peter Corbett belic\'cd the pyxis and a1cbes gamikos by the Matlay Painter to he considerably earlier(440·430 a.c.), than the bulk of the ,'ases from the .....ell and

(.'olllparcd the fanleT to a pyxis P 2283 (PI. 50.2. Fig. 7d) by theDrouot Paintcr. 19 A comparison of the profile of this pyxis lIndothers of the Class or Munich 2720 (p. 72, Fig. 7a). shol>.'s thewall of no. 3 to be straighter and the lower keel projecting almostat right angles to the wall rather than continuing and completingllle curve of the wall. In these charpctcristics P 10459 appears tobe later than any of the pyxides of the Class of Munich 2720 andrightly dated by the context of the well.

If restored with a tall tripartite foot. no. 3 would be about thesame size as Munich 2720. the smallest--of -that class. The boxproper is a lillle larger than the pyxidion P 1M124.

Another sm:lll pyxis. Athens Agora P 8441 (no. 4. PI. 75..1)

preserves only its lower wall, boldly projecting lower flange andfragments of a tripartite foot. The wall appears to have had a veryshallow curve much intensified at the base as in Berlin F 2520(Fig. 12bJ. The box seems to have been slightly larger than no. 2as the diameter at the lower keel measures 0.09 10 0.08 for thatexample. The pyxis dates late fifth-early fourth century B.e.

In most pyxides type A of double format the pyxidion issupported by a single stem; however it should be noted that inone example. Berlin 337310• the pyxidion has a tripartite foot. Thisi~ one of the la lest and most elaborate of the Kerch series ofpyxidcs dated ca. 360-350 B.e. It is also the tallest; the pyxidjonitself is sizable.

As it appears Ihat the series of double pyxides of type A beganaround 430 B.e. it seems necessary to consider whether thefragmentary pyxides no. 3 and 4 could have been pyxidia. Thereis not sufficient evidence at present to decide this question andtherefore il is safer to consider them as independent pyxides. Oneshould bear in mind. however. that this question of pyxidion or noshould be raised even when a pyxis is furnished with a tripartitefoot.

ODD PYXIDES FROM CA. 4.30-420 B.e.

I. Athens 1241 (CC. 1553J. from Athens. PI. 75.5.H. 0.11, H. with lid 0.185. 0.0.10-0.11.Lid: eggs. black band. palmettes. partly circumscribed and

linked by a running scroll (central petal pierces frame). leaf abO"eand below in interstices.

Reserved line above frieze: below: groups of interlockingmacanders separated by a cross. saltire or chequer square.

Red-Iigure. Apollo and eight Muses. CVA. Greece 2. Athens 2.pI. HLI. 5·6. pi. 19. 2-4. pI. 20,1.

2. Alh,-·ns. from Aiolou Street. PI. 76.2.Lid: tongues. wide black band between reserved lines. running

palmettc scroll (Dinsmoor type IV BJ. Side of lid: laurel andberry: inlf'rior of lid: black.

Egg and dot above frieze: ht'IQw: tongues.The names Thalia. Choro. Terpsichorll. Melpomene. Orania.

Klcn and EralO arc inscribed.Red-ligure. Muses; BCN ~6 (1962) 644-645. figs. 2·3. plo 23;

AlA 50 (1946) 119 (Dinsmoor).

3. Chicago 92.126. ex Hutchinson.Knob missing. H. 0.075. total H. pres. 0.089. D. at rim 0.078.

IJ. of lid 0.103. H. of foot 0.012.Lid: egg and dot. vertical. circumscribed palmenes (eleven

petals, once twelve). linked and alternating with lotus flowers.three pelal palmene in spandrel. egg and dot.

Black band, reserved band above frieze: below: egg betweenreserved bands and black band.

Red-ligure. women.

4. Wiinburg 541. from Attica. PI. 76.1.Upper member of knob and foot mlSsmg. H. 0.093. total H.

pres. 0.136. D. at rim 0.11-0.114. D. of lid 0.137.Lid: egg and dot. egg and dart, palmette alternating with lotus

flower, egg and dart. egg and dot. Side oJ lid: laurel.

A pp:is from Aiolou Street (no. 2. PI. 76.2). is known to me onl)'from photograph.'ii and a bnef report In the Bullt·tl1/ den"""!>(lfmdal/cf' Jr{'II~"iquf'.lI The walls arc qlindrK-al • ith aprojecting Imnr keel. I cannot tell whether there is anyarticulation betvo·een the wall and the keel. The upper surface ofIhe lid is flat: the ba.'iie of the stem is raised abm'e the le,·et of thelid. The knob is similar in general format to that of no. I. butdiffers in detail. It is more delicately and elegantly fashioned. Thedisk-like form resembles the shallow basin of a fountain ",.jth aneminence in the <:enter surmounted by a conical member.u

A laurel and berry pattern adorns the side of the lid anda IUngue pattern the lower !lange. In addition a narrow egg anddot band is placed above the frieze. This is an unusual feature.rarely encountered but may also be seen on a pyxis type A by theEretria Painter in Worcester (PI. 81.1) and on a fragment from)uch a pyxis in the manneroflhe Kleophon Painter (Alhens, Agorap IJ096).u

A fine pyxis in Wun-burg (no. 4. 1)1. 76.11. by Ihe WashingPainter. has been reconstructed from many fragmenl.'ii. Itunfortunately sutlered funher damage during World War 11. Thecontour of the wall forms a very shallow curve strengthenedto~ards the base. The foot is no longer preserved. l • Judging fromthe squat proportions of the PYXls one would expect the foot tohave been a low. glazed ring as in the earlier Chl.'iis of Berlin 3308or in this group of odd pieces. LanglolZ. however. indicated thatthe foot was tripartite. U The .'iiide of the lid has been dalnaged butit is clear that the concave curve of the lid flange once echoedthat of the lower flange of the box much as in Athens 1241 andthe Aiolou Street pyxis (no. 2). The laurel wreath would havepreserved its paired leaves entire. The form of the knob was oncesimilar to that of the Aiolou Str~t pyxis. The uppermost memberis missing but it is evident from the profile (slender stem swellingtnwards its junction with a disk-like member) and particularlyfrom the upper surface which is formed of a shallow basin withan eminence in the center that the missing crowning member wasconical. The base of the stem is raised above the level of the lid.

The squat proportions. profile and measurements of a black

126

Black band. resen'ed band aho\'c frieze; belo.....: egg and dot.Wa'\hing Painter. bride silting on a couch. "'itll Er..,..,

Aphroditc and a ....oman who holds a loutrophoros; 1....0 Erotn"'resiling. with Aphrodite seated and a woman (Peilho?); woman~ated playing the harp; ARV. 1133.196: Langlolz. GriechischeVU.)"I'" i" Wiinhurg, pk. 200·1: A. Greifcnhagen. Gri('chischt'bvt(·" 42-45; A'hMitl 71 (956) 205-207; Beil. JlS below andBeil. 116 belo...... For the subject ef. the kbes gamikos rtr. t4RV.1127.6 bis).

S. Allu!,u. Agora P 6514. from Athens.Lid missing. H. 0.112. D. est. 0.135.Concave wall, inset nange for lid, high ring fOOl.Inset flange. h:cl and resting surface of foot reserved.Black. Agur" XII. 174 ::and 327 no. 1289. PI. 43. Dcposil E 13:1.450·425 B.C.

In contrast to the tall slender proportions and tall tripartite footuf pyxides of the Koine Class come a few odd pyxides whose squatproportions. Iow glazed ring foot and knob type are reminiscent ofthe mid fifth century Class of Berlin 3308. The dh'ersity ofpallerns ornamenting lids and boxes is one of the indications thatthese pyxides do not form a class. The contour of Ihe I"alls ofthese: p)'xides varies from a shallow conca"e curn 10 a C)'linder andin Ihi.. they re~mble most pyxidcs. tJpe A. of the peri'Jd 4.10-400B.C.

Athens 1241 (no. l. PI. 75,S) is a pyxis ofsqu31 proportions ~ith

nearly cylindrical walls. The lid and lower keel project slightlybeyond the line of the wall. The foot is of ring formation with adiagonal line connecting its apex with the lower keel. The lidsloping steeply from the center towards the outer edge is crownedby a knob formcd of a conical member surmounting a disk-likeform on a stem swelling towards its apex. The base of the stem israised above the level of the lid. A comparison with the pyxisLondon E 773 (PI. 62) of the Class of Berlin 3J08 sho"ws lhesimilarity of proportions and forms composing the whole. Equallystriking is the figurative stripping away of excess flesh and thetightening of the contour lines. It should date ca. 430 B.e.

SALlY ROTHERfURD ROB£RTS 127

128 THE ATTIC PYXI~ SALLY RUTHERFURD R08EltH 129

pp;s from the Athenian Agora (no. 5). atc clme to ,hose of nos. 1and 4. The shallow concave CUT'\'C of the wall and black ring foot3TC analogous to pyxides of IlIb group. It is particularly

unfortunate that the lid is missing for without this member ilseems hazardous to do more than compare this pyxis with theothers. As the black Ceramicus 1462 e<:hoed the Penthesileanc:ll1on,26 the Agura blat'k approaches these singletons reflecting fhe

earlier Class of Berlin 3308.

Athens. from Aiolou Street.Lid: successive concentric bands of pattern. the outermost is

laurel. Sid(' of lid: groups of inlerlocking maeanders and chequers4 uarc .

Black band. reserved line above frieze; below: egg and dot bandbetween reserved bands.

The nanlC of Thetis and four Nereids (Galene. Glauke.Kumothoe and Melite) are inscribed.

Hed·figure. wedding ofThetis. BCfI 86 0%2) 645. fig. 4. pI. 24.

Another pyxis from Aiolou Street l1 has a type of its own. The"'all is concave and at the base lhe lower keel projects little. Thefoot is low and tripanite; two of its sections are so widelyseparated that one is more conscious of the spaces than of thesupports. There is no good parallel for this foot but compare NewYork 06.1021.119 (Fig. 14b) for a curious foot type with widelyseparated sections.u There is a conical knob on a thick stemraiscd above the level of the lid. This pyxis is a contemporary ofthe other from Aiolou Street (no. 2) and illustrates the diversity ofmodels of type A from the same period.

LOl/do" 1920.J2-21.J. from Greece. PI. 49,1, Fig. l3c.H. 0.125, H. with lid 0.172, D. at rim 0.124, D. of lid 0.176.Lid: Helios, Selene and Nyx. Lid ill/erior: black: buttum: duI,

circle, outer circle, band.Moulding, reserved line above frieze; below: reserved line,

tonJ;::UI'S between black bands on projecting keel.

Mar\;l~ Painter. ....edding. ARYl, 769.1; ARV. 1227,23: "Thepicture 011 the lid is b) a colleague. the Lid Painter": 1282,1: JH541 (921) PI. 6 and p. 144.

Another experimental pyxis of strong. squat proportions is bythe Marlay Painter. The diameter at the rim is almost equal tothat of the height. The concave curve of the wall is shallow: thereis a ~trollgly projecting lower keel set off from the wall by a ridge.rile projection of the lid exceeds that of the lower flange. Theblack, thrice nNched foot has a base moulding in two degrees:. theupper higher than the lower (reserved). The formation of this footis strongly remini~ccnt of the heavy moulded l"oot of stemless cupsctcwrated by thb painter. Compare thc profile of the fOOl of two~tcmle~~ cups in Vienna Zl and another in Laon. JO The lid iscleCuTlllcct with a friezc as is customary on lids of type C. Cosmicueities also app<.'ar on sevenll lids of type c. ll

DISH·FOOT PYXIDES

I. A,hellS /587 (CC. 1556). PI. 77,1, Fig. lJa.H. O.IOS, H. with lid 0.16, D. at rim 0.094, D. of lid 0.134, H.

of fOOl 0.012.Lid: rays, black band, laurel wreath between reserved lines.Illfl'n'or of lid: reserved, reddened; Bottom: reserved. Side of

fid: debased tongues.Debased tongues below frieze.The Phiale Painter. womcn: ARV. 1023,143.

2. Alhells 1588 (CC. 1552), from Attica. PI. 77,2, Fig. IJb.H. 0.113, H. with lid 0.175, D. at rim 0.095, D. of lid 0.142, H.

of foot 0.027.Lid: IOngue and dot, black band, addorsed palmettes: linked by

scroll springing from volutes.Reserved irregular band above frieze: below: reserved band:

eggs.The Phiale Painter, youth and woman: woman holding child:

130 131

woman spinning. and woman; maid; ARV. 1023.144; Heydemann.GrieC'hische Vasenbilder. pI. 8, S.

J. Chicago 92. J25. PI. 77 .3.H. 0.088. H. with lid 0.133. D. at rim 0.077, D. of lid 0.103. H.

(If foot 0.01.Lid: debased tongue and dot. black band. laurel. Side of /id:

debased tongue and dot.Black band. reserved line above frieze: lw/a....: debased tongue

and dot. Eusinn Painter. Boreas and Oreithyia. ARV, 798.147.late.

The profiles of two pyxKles by the Phiale Painter (nos. 1 and 2)a~ c1~ly akin. The shallov.' concave curve of the wall is muchstttngthened 31 the base and the lid extends further than thelo.....er keel. The upper surfa~ of the lid of Athens 1587 (no. I. PI.77.11 is flat in contrast to Ihal of no. 2 (Athens 1588. PI. 77.21.whose domed contour recalls the outline of lids of type C. Knobsin the form of pomegranates crown the Iids.u Most curious is theform of the foot. whose low convex ring is connected by a curvedcontour line to the outer ed~ of the lower keel. A comparablefoot type may be found on cenain pyxides of type C.n

Despite the similarity of the profiles of nos. I and 2. the choiceand placement of pattern bands differs. Tongues ornament the lidflange and lower keel of Athens 1587. while on Athens 1588 thelid flange is merely glazed and the lower keel has an egg and dotborder. In addition the lid pattern bands differ. The two pyxidesdate ca. 430 8.C.

No. 3 (Chicago 92.125. PI. 77.3). by the Euaion Pailller. has aprolile almost identical with that of no. I. In addition the choiceand placement of pauern bands are the same. The measurementsof no. 3 are closer to those for the Class of Berlin 3308 and it isinteresting to compare the latest example of that class, Athens1586 (PI. 65.1) also by the Euaion Painter. with this pyxis. The ringfoot of Athens 1586 is connected to the lower flange by a slopingline. The foot type of nos. 1·3 appears to be an exaggeration andarticulation of features present in Athens 1586 and the key piece

of the Class of Berlin 3308. No. 3 may therefore be seen as aconnecting link betv.een the Class of Berlin 3J08 and the 1""0

ppide!i by the Phiale Painter. The Chicago pyxis dates ca. 440

D.e. or slightly thereafter.

TWO PYXIDES OF SQUAT PROPORTIONSAND TALL TRIPARTITE FOOT

I. N_ Yurk 40.11.2. from Greece. PI. -S.Upper pan of terracotta ring handle restored. H. 0.102. H. with

lid 0.142 (as restored). O. of lid 0.116. H. of foot 0.021.Lid.- fragment of maeander pattern. Muses? groups of

maeande~ leftv.ards separated by chequered squares. Side of lid:groups of interlocking maeanders separated by chequered squares.

Moukling. line abo\'e frieze: bela...·: line and band of maeandersand chequered squares.

The names of six Nereids are inscribed.Painter of London 0 14. white ground; Nereids: ARV. 1213.1;

AJA 44 (1940) 428-431. figs. 1·3.

"l::; \" ?:>2 Lu"dun E 774. from Athens. 1-'1. 79 and Fig. 14a.

Lid alien. H. 0.118, O. at rim 0.096. H. of foot 0.03.Four lines alternately black and reserved above frieze: belu....:

groups of interlocking maeanders running alternately to right andleft separated by chequered squarC5 with a central raised dot.

BO/tom: dotted circle and tWO closely spaced outer circles.The nanu..", Glauke, Thaleia. Kymudoke. K)/llothea. Gakne.

Pomomedeia and 0050 are inscribed abo\'e the heads of theligures. <1

Eretria Pailller, wedding Jlreparat~ARV. 1250..12: for thealien lid sec p. 1223: FR, pI. 57,3: Purullpomena. 469.

The wall of New York 40.11.2 forms a simple concave curvebarely stressed at the base. At the top of the wall is a plainmoulding. The tall tripartite foot is black with a reserved \'crticaledge; its form is unparalleled among pyxides. The lid projects

slightly beyond the contour of the v'al1. The upper surface of thelid is flat and is crowned by a ring handle in terracotta (the upperpart restored). This handle type may show the influence of thepredominant type of the period. the pyxis type C. which wasregularly furnished .... ith a ring handle of bronze. In addition thelid was decorated with a figured frieze," the usual adornment oflids of type C.

The white ground pyxis. type A. is a rarity and this isolatedexemplar appears about twenty years after the earlter enmpleswhich were mostly painted by PenthesiJeans15 in the years ca.460450 H.C. It differs from these in having a white ground lid.

The simple concave cunc of the wall and the squat proportionsof a pyxis in London (PI. 79 and Fig. 14a), are ,'ery like those ofthe white ground pyxis in New York. The lid Ohef: set on it prm'edto bt alien. judging from the slight projection of the lower flange

the lid would have elltended little beyond the wall of the boll. Atthis period the projection of a lid usually matches or exceeds theelltension of the lo.....er keel of the box. The concave contour of thetall tripartite foot emphasizes the form of the box. The black footis finely articulated by raised rings in black standing out fromreserved bands on either side. The elegance of form iscommensurate with the exquisite miniature figure style by theEretria Painter. The two pyxides date ca. 430-420 S.C.

132 THE ArTlc Pl'XIS IJJ

Eretria Painter. mistress and maid: mbtre,,, and maid: 1"-0maids; ARV. 1250.33; Worcester Art Museum Annual 2(19.36-37) 28-31. figs. 1-4. The number in ARV is incorrect.

2_ AIII.'IIS. Agora P 6R45 lr., from Athens. Pis. SO.l and 80.3.

lid fragment. H. pres. 0.014. D. est. ca. 0.14.Upper surface of lid flat. step down to lov..er horizontal rim.

articulated by added red.Frieze; Niobids; flange of lid; olive leaves with white berries.Red-ligure.ArltK 6 (1963) 23-32. plo 8. )·2 (Clainnont). Similari

ties to the work of the Eretria Painter were nOled by Clainnont and

confirmed b)' Senley.

3. N('t\' York 06.1021.119. fig. 14b.H. 0.077. H. with lid 0.12. D. at rim 0.083, D. of lid 0.12. H. of

foot 0.016.Knucklebone handle. lid nanged beneath, box concave with

projecting sloping keel. tripanite foot.Lid' debased longues on central moulding. then egg and dot.

maeand... rs in groups of three. separated by saltire squares.

U,.derside of lid: laurel.Black moulding. groove. black moulding above frieze; below:

black moulding, laurel on sloping keel.Ked-figure: Richter and Milne. fig. 140.

PYXIDES OF EXTRA VAGANT PROFILE

I. Worcester (Mass.) /935./48. PI.8I,1Knob missing. H. 0.112, total H. pres. 0.119, D. at rim 0.089.

D. of lid 0.143. H. of foot 0.035.

Lid: tongue and dot. line and dot on central mouldings. frieze:Erotes with cocks, Erotes with hare. in the field dioros and stonefor a game of ephedrismos. For a representation of the game inprogress by the Shuvalov Painter: Arias, pI. 204. Side of lid:wreath of laurel leaves with white berries.

Moulding decorated with egg and dot above frieze: below:stopped interlocking maeanders on projecting keel.

The Worcester pyxis (no. I. PI. 81.\) is onc of the mostplayful and extravagant models of type A. The wall has a slopingcontour with a strongly projecting lower keel, whose upper surfaceis concave with a groove near the outer edge. The lid projectsequally far beyond the line of the wall. The most prominentfeature of the p}'xis is these two "beaks" enframing the line of thewall. The tall foot is tripartite and of a concave contour quiteunrelated to the profile of the box. The upper surface of the lid isflat with a series of low mouldings at the center to suppon aknob. now missing. Near the outer edge is a groove. Laurel andwhite berry adorn the flange of the lid.

A fragmcntary lid from the Athenian Agara (no. 2. Pis. 80.1 and

134SAIl y RUTHERFURO RO.FRTS

135

SO.3);s extraordinarily akin 10 that af Worcester in profile...ill,' oandornamentation. It projected far beyond the wall of the nowmissing box and the flange is decorated .....ith oli,'c lea\'es andwhite berries. There is a frieze of figures on the flat uppersurface.

The diameter of the lid is estimated at ca. 0.14 to 0.143 for theWorcester lid. The projection of the Agera lid appears to ha\'cbeen e,'en mo~ extensi,"c Ihan that of Worcester :IS the I,)\cr·hanging section measuro 0.023 to 0.019 for Worcester.

The profile of no. 3 (New York 06.1021.119. Fig. 14b) is moreexlra\'agant than any other. The wall has a concave cut'\'cse~raled from a sloping keel at the bast by a moulding. The lidprojects far beyond the line of the wall and Cl'cn beyond the lo.....erkeel. Like no. t the upper surface of the lid is flat with a y;K1e lowmoulding at the center which here forms a foundation for a knobin the form of a knucklebone. The flange of the lid does not cu,""cdownlo\ard to join the line of the wall as in no. 1 but forms anabrupt angle. The low tripartite foot protrudes widely benealh theslope of the lower keel of the box. The lid construction dinersfrom the usual in that there is no inset flange at the top of theIo\all of the pyxis. Instead the lid is flanged beneath and thisnange fits down within the body of the vase.

The lack of a harmonious relationship between the individualparts and the whole is somewhat disturbing. The date should bein the last quarter of the fifth eentury. For a similar crass-girtchiton cf. that of a woman on a red-figured squat lekythos. Ji Themajority of red-figured ware from the well from which it comesdates from 425·400 a.c. Another exemplar dated ca. 420·410 D.e.comes from the PnyxY

The Worcester pyxis (PI. 81,1). by the Eretria Painler. dale.. ca.430 D.e. and a comparison of its profile with that or Ihecontemporary London E 774 (pI. 79), by the same miniaturbl.provokes astonishment. Rather than simply considering themdifferent odd pyxides, should onc not rather regard them asdifferent trial pieces from a period of chaotic experimentation?

VARIOUS SMALL HYBKIDS

I',Ul~, LWH'n' CA 1443. from Eretria. 1'1. hl.2 and Fig. ISeIt 0.0"'3, H. with lid 0.08. D. at flnt 0.082. D. of lid 0.106. H.

I t'lJ...t 0.009.!u,>et flange fur lid. slight CQncave cune to wall. resen'ed

mnulding at base Central tondo of lid: representation in relief ofa .... creid. holding a grea,'e, on a sea horse. Reserved, echinoid

..,'ulnur la lid Ilange. Ring foot.1';llOtl'r III Alhl'n' I 5. ",om3n ,>ealed and y;nmen: AN\'.

1.\0(1.1,·1 he "1)le of Ihe relief has nothing to do .... ith that of the

pit.ture:- P. Jacobsthal. /Jil' mef'$chl'" ReliefS. 184. figs. 55·56.

1 hI:' number in AR V is incorrect.

2. >1'1\ Yurk 06.1021.123. from Attica. PI. H2.1. Fig. ISb.H. 0.00.1. H. Io\ith lid 0.102, D. at rim 0.076. D. of lid 0.093.Il;,>el !lange for lid. slight COllca\'e CUr'iC to wall, con\'ex base

moulding separatt'd Irom '" all by a grou\e. Lid slopes from center10 rounded con\'ex lid llange. Asymmetrienl knob.

1id rays and dot ... black band. egg and dot.Rc!>ct"<r. line abmc and below frieze.R..:d.liguft'. Nike running rightwards, won1an right. Eras right

allll ",.)m31l running la the left but looking back. 1n the field,

I'olumns: Richler and Milne. lig. 138.

.1. lluwtluiFl .10.3. 1'1. 80.2. Fig 15a.H. 0.083. H. with lid 0.123. D. at rim 0.089-0.091. D. of lid

0.11)5, H. of fOOl 0.003.Inset llangc for lid. wall nearly cylindrical. com'ex base

muulding separated from the wall by a groove, ring foot. Lid~Iopcs from the l'enlcr to the rounded com'ex lid Ilange. Squal

conical knob.Lid: lion and boar. boar and hcdgehog. both pairs confronted.

black band, egg and dot.Near the Drouot Painter. Erotes and women. ARV, 1223,4:

J~I/Njlipflml'llfI, 46&.

The "ases listed above ha.'c certain characteristics of p}'xides of(\!le A combined with some of type D.

,,,. I (I.oUH(' CA 144J. PI. 81.l) ...h.l\\" the ('onll...·1,:ll"" \\ilh the

11\\1" hpc DU \PI. X2.2}ll1o\t dcarl~. 1 he lid of 111(' 1\1" U p~,i\ I~

flat with a central (ondo surrounded b)' a grou\'c and ado,", n turned edge. There is no knob. The moulded face of the lid',.-omplements :I. moulding at the base of the slightly COnC3\'C orqlindrical wall. The lid of the Louvre pyxis has a rai§Cd ccnlraJtnndo decorated with a Nereid on a hippocamp in relieLJ' Thelondo of the lid of a pyxis type 0 usually is ornamented with afigure. object. head or animal. The Nereid relief. how~·er. is amuch more nuld and elaborate composition than any found on apyxis type 0 and clearly derh'cs from anOlher source. A Hd "ith alundo composition i!> otherwise unknown on a pyxis type A butthe format is Iypical for the pyxi!>, type D.<fO In addition themoulded face of the lid complements the base moulding. The foott}pe and size diner. The figured frieze is b)' the Painter of Athens131'lS .... ho al.." dcrnrah'(\ lYoU ""',dc,. I~-pc A. uf th ..., Kuim' Cl,''>''.Alhcn, ISMS !PI. tllI.lJ.•md Athcn.. 13676a n'l. 04.2). I he great.lIn'''''II) 10 shape'> i.. l)pical 01 pfloduct.. m:lde al Ihi, tim...· I h~'

'llll\r~ P)'"'' d;" ...~ C:l. 410 D.e.A r)XI' in N...·Yo Yurk Inu. 2. Pl.l:S2:.I). Fig. ISb) alw.\ a h)IJnd.

The Yoall is slightly concave and the low. ring foot has a mouldedOUler face. The com'cx down-turned edge of Ihe lid corresponds tothe base moulding. Thus far the body is constructed much as in apyxis type D. The lid. however. slopes from Ihe ccnter outwardsand is furnished with a knob. The deeoration in successiveconcentric pallern bands also is usual for the pyxis of type A.

Ouite similar to no. 2 is a pyxis al Bowdoin College (no. 3, PI.80.2). The convex clown turned edge of the lid corre..pomh to thecuntour of the base moulding and the two enframe the nearlycylindrical wall of the box. The ring toot, however, is sel wellunder the body of the pyxis and bears no relation to the foot of ap)'xis type D. The pyxis is by an artist near the Drouot Painterand dates ca. 430 D.e. A schematic rendering of folds of thehimation draped O\'er the shoulder and arm of a woman runningis comparable to the more skillful rendering of such elemenls on a

136 r 'IF Arnc I'YXIS 137

\\I'man standing holding a mirror on a p)'llis by the Eretria1','lI1ler \PI. lS I. 11. dJ.tl'd ca 4JO B( NUI~' .d~11 the tJ.Il !>It:mkrpwportions of the l:rote!i on the Bowdoin pyxis and the Worce§terh(!.~I

-I ne sole deeoration of a p}"xis type 0 is placed in the lid tondo.TIll' \lall i\ simpl) gla7ed. 41 ln contrast, it is the wall of the p}xis.I}pc A. \lhich bears the primary decoration ill the form of alillured frieze and the three h)'brids discus!>cd abo~·e follo\O.' the

rulC' .

I 4C'ml XIL JIH, Dcpo!lll 0 19,-4 Wdlu\,' lilhn~ 1.'\1 quafltr lillh I.Tnlun"

IluTlIp,.'t:I tilling ahhough tnr l~ mO"i1 PiU! I.·"n,i~lo:nrh .'1 thl." '.I"l~· ~n"d.

.LJlII,Jn,:n11~ n", dcpo"!iUcd I'>ol:lt'fl" Ilk' 2nd I."cnrun B (. P i'll,jq- ., h"l1\ ,IK' ,IUnllll.."C!IiIhnt:.1. ~l'\' p. 51 III 1nl.

1 See p. h] (11 1(')(1.

4. Klaus Vierncisel. "Dle Ausgrabungen im Kerameikos," AA I (1964) 432. fi~.

24-25.

5. It should ~ nOled that although the profiles of these an.- similar. in ~ion the,'diner in detaIl. the cenlral portion ~ithin the ero\l\ning ridge nf the knob beinghollo.... t:d OUI in Ihe case of Ihe Ccramicu~ pp. is.6. Lut)' Talcoll and olhen;, Smllll OtJj«ts Irum ".,. Pn)'x 11. Jlrs/Wn'u' Suppll'ml'tltX IPnn~on '(56) no. 139. p. 35 and fig, J. There daled laIc fifth cenlut}-. ANV. 1222. '·3.8. Mls~ Phihppaki undenook 10 unglue the parts of Ihe JOin. The join is all right.the gla:t.e is the same. 11lc knob belungs to the lid mnd it appears thal no part of thestem b mi\\ing. I am moch indebted to Miss Philippaki for reexamining thisthtun:.

9. KarlXhefokt. Urul'n",ltulJ1!f'n =u df'n K""ucltr,. Vas,'n (Berlin 1934) 59-W. nos.5t(2 I!). 5Mb and 5Ma Tllthe li\t 01 ,,'mple. 'lIIg1c p)xi,il''1 of I}JX' A ,hilI/Ill ",-. oI,hh:rlthe follo\\ing examples: Athens 1324 (CC. 19(6) H 0.146, H. \\irh lid 0.245; Athens1325 (Cc. 19(3), H. 0.134, H. 'Aith lid 0.22 (me:ll>un:ment'l SUPI>lied br Mi\'1Philippakil; Athens 1320 (CC. 1%4) H 0.13, H 'Ailh hd 0.20; Athens. Ago... P1(,10'" lid 1'111) D.O 14() IAgnru XII. 177.321S nn. IJ05, 1'1. 431: Halm 1%.1.10. H0.10":, H. _nh lid 0.26: Oxford 1934.330. hd only, D. 0.118. The salu.:ntcharacterblll~ are: lid under influence of p)'llis, IlPC C tdomed \\lIh rim 011 IIJ'Aerklcll: ho, .. lightly l'\lIlCa\l~ 'Allh prujcl'linJ( Imwr l1al1)te; taflll:lrr\l" Pntfll,rti"n" !.l' .•

H. "'ith lid greater Ihan Ihal recorded for mlXt I:Uer fifth l-cnIUr) ennlplC'!O: knob:comcill mc:mber surmountmg disk-l1kc: form on stem swelling tlWo,uds its apex. Tbchd' ut GOllin~n \Sehefold no. 58..1), WUr/burg H 5333 tA",K I~ Il lr'2] 10. pi 5)ami Pn\ale Cnlkcllon f(arv11lJ Llld",,/( Cunill~. 148-150. pis. 51·5.1) an: mi..\il1~The black glue hd of the laller is alien. It should date ca. 440-420 H.C. and clearl)'dlXs not belong to the pyxis. The boldly extended lo\\~r ked of the boll requires auTlln,ti:l~ pn'JCt·tin,ti: lid a!\o in Tororllu9195.32 (PI. 8·4,,, and 011\0 l'n:ater hel}!hllU theknob. TlM.'T\" ~m 10 be no cenam cnlcria b) 'AhK'h 10 Jud~ ~hcth~r tht.'\.t' thrl":hdk...\ p}\ldl"'> 'Aen: ul ~ingle or doubt.: fOf"m For dISCUS\IUn of Ih,' P'XI\ fll douh ....t}p..' sel'I). IlbffollclI.10. ARV, 1277.22·25.I J. .xhefokl. Untt'nuchungf'lJ. 59. no. 583. prov'des a fourth ecntuf) czamplc of adouble pyIis, l)-pr A. lI;th a pp:ic:hon of t)~ C. The lid of Ihe p)xidion is of brunl.t·(CVA. Iknmark 4. Cupenhagen 4, pI. 163. 5a-bl.12. The context \uggest\ a date in lhe second quarter oflhe fourth l-entUf).1.1, Schetold. U",aSIIl f/lll/}.!"". 59. no. 5R4 lpI'. 74. 70, gO. Ihcrl' d:Hl'l.l J70..l00IH..1: ARV. ISOJ l'ollflm; MUII'n'ul po Adthl'l.J!Uj.!// RWi// 35. p. tl5. pI. Y14. xhefold, Unt('nuchuRgt-n. 59, no. 580 (p. 76, there dated 370-J60 B.C.);Arr"Eph 09(2) pis. 5-6. Berlin 33iJ. Schdold. no. 581. pI. 17.2 (pp. 75, % and 9-

and then: dated J()()..3SO B.C.) show\ ,a pyxidion of a different Iype, supported by atnpanl{e foot and so IS 01 a form ldenlical to the mam box. The knob of thep)xidion i.. \imilar in form to thos.e of the \ingle pyllides of lhe Kerch series.15. Pder F. C~t, "Anle Pottery of the Later Fifth Century:' HOfNntJ 18 (19491m. pk. i3.1; -0,2; --.3; 82.12; TalCOlt _od Othel"5. Small ObpclS}Tom the Pn)'x:11, H('ipula Suppif'ml'nt X. pis, 4.29: 9.118; 13.158 lserond quarter of fourthcentury): Arias and Hirmer, pl\. 204. 205, 21&1&, Scht:fold. Untt·nuchuflgt'lJ. 59. 00. 580, 581. 583a. 583b and 584. Unfonunatel},I do not ha\'e \ufficlent information 10 Ir.""",. the form of no. 584a. As may be secnb). a comparison ~ith the list of slllgle pyxidn of type A of the Kerch \Cries tstt3hl}\e n. 91 the latter appear to be shghtl) more numl;'n.u) in contradiclion toSchefold's indication.1'. There is a dass of tall-stemmed. elaborately profiled. marble pyxidcs fe~ of~hich a~ publishtd The diameter of the concave pyxis is lI'ider at lhe top than alh,l\ al1llrn,:ullenlal ring al the lllp and I flaring bax \UPPllned b} thTff 10-;1 f"'el. Itha\ .. narms: rtlund nm. the paralld edge<; forming a groo\l:. The lid is omamcnt..xth, J lall knob. bampk' an: Boston Jg.I39'J WAllA 37 119Jql14 75, fi~. I and 2;Hmurun. lrom Broiurun WCH g7 11%31 708, fi~, 14); London 1906.310·21 andBaltImore, W3he..... Gallen 41.2 IK. Shephard. TlIf: Fi5h-tuilt'J MOtU/pr." GI'l,,.l.HlII J..tru}/·UtI An, 40). Unlonunatd) there is no illustr.illlion of Ihe ,hape. Bea.£le)l·lln.. ldl:rl-d the dra~lO~ not ,lnClelll.

l(cprcwnt3tion.. 01 tall stemmoo marble pyxldo are sontelimt'S found on U!ieS.

Such a p}'xi .. is placed no a small chest figured on London E 774 b)' Ihe EretriaPainter /,JR, pI. 57.3). The diameter of the conca\'e vase is .....idcr at the lop than atthe base and it hl.5 a lall 'tern. Anolhoer less ~llboratC' pYllis is hdd by a 1I0manfi~ured on a h)'dna in lhc manna of the Shu\3lcw Painler tAHV, 1211. 3: CVA.Great Brilaln 8, British Museum 6, pi. 88.8}. The conclve pyllis is wider at the lOpIhan at the base and is supponed on a tall stem \\ ith some indication of a horizontaldivision tlhc ornamental ring?). The knob is lllso lall. The date of the'll: I~o

representations is ca, 430 D.C. Earlier than Ihese is a representation of a tomb scene'",nh offerings of lelr.ythoi. an oinochoe and I pyxis on the \Ieps of a slelc on I ~ hiteground Ick\lhl)!;, Berlin 3262 by lhe Sabourofl' Painler lA. Greifenhag.:n. Am,l••AIII1.J(lI'l'rltl', pI. 74; Richter and Mllne, 18). The uppt:r diameter of the pyxis istlrger {h.1ll Ihc lo\\er; {he knob and stcnl are lall, Add a rcprtosentation on a lebesgamiko::. Ne\\ York 06.1021.199 (AR V. 1IO.l,5; Sambon. Cum'ssa. 68).18. Haston OUS by Alson tAR ... ·. 1177.48; FR 111.99'; Lou\re CA 1589. only I'dprl-..cnl'1l. pattcrnl"d, unallribuled; London E 782. manner of Ihe MeKlia\ PaintertAHV. 1318.97: T. Panolka. A'ltiqut"s du Cllh"lI't du CO",tt' dl' Pourtu/l~s-Gurgif'''

[I'aris 18341 pi. 33.3-4); O.~ford 551. manner of the Meidias Painter (AN V, 1.128,98:CVA, Great Britain J. Ollford I. pI. 46,7), The palmene pallern is fashioned exactlya~ on the NClIo York pyJlis. A difference in delail may be noted on the otherexampln; ~mall \olute"'i bracket t">er)' other palmene of the pattern. A small fk':atpattern band of venical circumscribed palmeues may also sometimes be foundaOIl,'e Ihe picture (In choes b) the Eretria Painler Vl,RV, 1249.12,14.20); theMeidias Painter IARV.131J,II,131 and the Shuvalov Painter (ARV. 1208. 35-30). Italso occurs on squat lek)'thoi b) the Eretria Painter tARV.1248,4), the Me'diasPainler tAHV, 1314.16); manner of the Meidias PainteT fARV, 1314,45.47. bO, &2and 061; Aison tARV. 1174,6-7).

138 I HE ArTlC PYXI5

NOII-.S:CHAPIFH\

SALLY RUTHERf'URD ROBERTS 139

140 THE ATTIC PYXIS SALLY RUTHERFURD ROBERTS 141

19, H"S~rill 18 (1949) m·)()() and J18. no. 21. pt 85 (Corbett).20. Schcfold Unrcnllclr'mge... 59. no. 581. pI. 16. 17.2.21. HeH 86 (1962) 644·645, figs. 2·3. pI. 23.22. The upper surfaC'e of the knob of Athens \241 is similarly formed. ~ thephotograph. CVA. G~~ 2. Athens 2. pI. 20.1.23. AMV. 1150.28. Three fragments frum the almost cylindrical ""all of a py~is typeA atc prcsen·e<:!. Th", largest irn:ludcs the flange for the lid and below il a band ofegg and dOl bt:t"'et>h n~crved lines and pan of the ftieLt'.24. Dr. Guntram B~kel kindly <,urnined the ppis and noted in a kller NO", 10.1969 with n:gard to the missing foot that it "'as not possible 10 lel1 from then:maining surface ,,'hether the foot had ooce b~'('n subdi.·ided. Dr. Beckcl fuMherobserved that the UPIX'T member of the knob was missing.25. Llonglotz. Grieclt6ch .. Vas"n i" WiirIb"rg. no. 541. pi,. 2O(}·20l.lb. S"" abo"~ p. 87.27. I knO\Oo' (hi~ PYli~ only from pllotograph~ and a shon account in 80/ (1962)MS. lig. 4 and pI. 24.28. Rkht~r and Mi1n~. fig. 140.29. ARV. 1278,36.38; CVA. Au~tria I, Vienna I. pI. 14.4.8..lO. ARV, 1279.51 bis.: CVA. France 20. Lann I, pi. 51,1.31. 8<'rlin F 2519\CVA. Germany 22. B.:rlin 3. pi. IJ8.4).london E iib ICedl H.~milh, CawIUfl'''' of till' G,w"t (l"d Em/Sc(l'l Vaus i" tI, .. British Al..s........ Ill,368-369; Ath~ns 17983 (ANV. 1282.2): Athens. Serpicri Collection (Cl Vlastn).32. Paul Jal·ub'lhal. GrN'k Pim\Olford 19501 1%: liM of "tst'!; "ith pomegrallaleknobs.33. Adophsect 65 (CVA. Germany 11. Adophstek I. pi. 42.1 and 3 thcre dated375-350 B.C.I: Athcn~ 1243 by the paintcr of that name (AN V. 1319.2): Alh"n,IJb~: Athens. Agora I' 23910. plain AR0rtl XII. 327 no. 1.301, pI. 43. fig. 11. theredMcd 400·390 B.C.I: DreMlen 385 (PI. 89.3); Manner of the Mddias Painter (ARV.1J28.'~4); London E 776 (pI. 9(1.1): London F. 782 (1'1.118,2). manner of the Mddia,Paintu (ANV. 1328.97). It should be noted hO"'e>'er that ,,'ith the exceplion ofOTesden 385 the curved contour tine conneCling the ring foot with lhe lo....cr flange~tops at its inner tlthn than its OUlcr edge. In addition the"" examplelO are later.ranging in dale from ca. 410 10 375--3SO B.C.34. Other lids of pylides Iype A are also decorated "'ith figural friezes: WOTCnler1935.148 by Ihe Eretri~ Painter (ARV. 1250,33: Wrm:~J/~r An M ..ullm A"'....,ll(19.ll)·19.17) 2M-31.IiK. 5: Alhens. Agora P 6845, fragmenlary lid (PI. RD.I.J. AmI<. 6(1963) 25. pI. 8.1·2): London 1920.12·21.1. by lhe Marlay Painter. lhe lid by lhe LidPainler (ARV. 1182.1) EM. 11. 8041. These cum pies Slem from the period of thegrealest popularity of the pyKis. type C (ca. 430-400 D.C). For earlier esamples:Berlin 4043 by the Amphitrit~ Painler (ARV. 833.47; CVA. Germany 22. Berlin 3.pI. 137. 41; Berlin 2517. lid of pyxilO of special shape by Paint~r of Bologna 417(ARV. 917.205; CVA. Berlin .1. pI. 137,6).35. Whit~ ground pYlides of type A: New York 07.286.36 by Ihe Pemhesilea Painter(ARV. 890.173); Ancona 3130 and Alhens. Serpicri (Cl Vlaslo). by the SplanchnoplPainter (ARV. 899. 144·145); Berlin 2261 by Ihe Veii Painter (ARV. 900.116):Alhens 2188. Oxford 1929.754. fr .. BOSlon 65.1166, Toledo 63.19 and Athens.Goulandri by the Paint~r of London D 12 (ARV. 963.94,95 and Ib75.94 bili and 94ter: Purulipom""u, 434; add Brauron 58 fro, from Brauron): luc~rn~ Market (An

4miq'''', Auktlon V. 7 No,'. 1%4. no. lJ4. pi 37): Balt.more. Wailer<; An Gallery48,201'1 bl the SOlheb)' I'amter (ARV. 774.1); Louvre MNB 1286 by lm:, Sotheby1'3,"I':r IARV. 775); O""lOn 98.887 by lhe Heo;iod Painter (ARV. 77,1.11; BraurunIron' MlrrhmuulO tJJCH 8511961] b31. fig. 10). There are t"o or tn>e Bo London DI~. lhe name-piec~ of lhe artiu (ARV. 963.91>1: and London 0 I I b) theSplanchm'pt Painler l.ARV. 1199.14M; on" of Iype C: MilOSi,,~ippi (el RobinlOon). b)'the Snlhcb>' Pamtcr (AI<V. 775.21: a fragmenlary pyxis lid: Brauron. unallTlbuledlAml<.. lOupplcment 1 119631 no. 53. pI. 14.6). Probably I)'pc A.,ll) H"",,'nll 18 (1949) 299.313, no. 10. plo 81.37. fakoll and othen. SmuIlObJ....·'J.frv'" 1111' Ptlyx.· 11. H,·sp"n·.. S"ppl....,..m X.24. no. 72, pi. 7..l!l. A.I/"ru XII. 177·178. pI. 43. fig. 11 and reference.I gllen lhere. An e.",ellenlaccounl ilO given of the <Je",lopmenl of the shape or the PYlllO, lype 0: Richter andMII~. (illS. 143·145.1'1. I'aul Jacnb!.lha1. D", ",<'IlSd..... R"/il'!s (Berlin 19JIl 183, "dlL'l DeckelreJid gihlri"" VO<sldlung I'on einer 51lbo!rarbeit im Stll der Nikebalustrade,"40. The lOp of the lid of ~,""in pys,des or lype B halO a female head in profile in the"ir~uIM tield: H.'Sp('riu 20 1I95IJ 211 no. 2 and pI. 72,7; AR<lru XII. 174·175 andh>(ll1\lll~ 13. Note :11,0 Ihe G'(llJpoflh~ Athena-head pYlidt~ (ARV. 122-4.1-3).41 W/>r('.",I,'rArr ,'.111\0'11'" Am'lIal2 U9.3b·19J'7) 31. fig. 5...12. A IIHis tlPC 0 III Ihc manner of thc Mddias Painter is the only uception:AN\'. 1J28.99; I-lichlcr und null. no. Ib\' pis, 159 and 17M: Purulipoml'''u. 479.

142

CHAPTER VIThe Pyxis Type C

The proportions of the pyxis type C form a contrast to those oftype A. The pyxis type C is low and broad. The diameter of thelid is usually more than twice that of the height. The wall isconcave or cylindrical. the low foot of a ring formation or variantIhereof. A low tripartite foot is exceptional. The lid is domed andregularly furnished with a bronze disk and ring handle set at therenter.!

The pyxis type C is primarily a figured type; few examples areknown in black or plain. l The lid forms the greatest area so it isnatural that Ihe figured frieze of the type A pp.is is moved fromthe wall to the lid. The wall is merely decorated with a wreath ofleaves or left black. When exceptionally the wall as well as the lidis decorated the effect is overty ornate.

The concave curve of the wall and the continuance andcompletion of this curve by the side of the lid in examples of ca.430 a.C. implies 3 dependency on type A. The fact that the type

C appears long after the pyxis type A has been established. isalso suggestive of this derivation. A certain number of artists areknown to have decorated pyxides of type A and C. the MarlayPainter. Lid Painter. the Sotheby Painter. Painter of London E777 and the Painter of Athens 1585.

There is a change however in the pattern of production. Pyxidesof type A. numerically speaking. are decorated by cup painters.

PRECURSORS

The London pyxis comprises an individual combination offeatures. Taken by themselves the single features are not unusual;D. concave wall strengthened at Ihe base is combined with a dishfoot. The domed lid has a projecting rim.

The contour of the wall owes to the pyxis of type A and may be

Londol/ /907.5-/9./. PI. 85.3.Bronze handle missing. H. 0.044. H. with lid 0.073. D. al rim

0.133. D. of lid 0.162. H. of foot 0.005.Lid domed ..... ilh lighlly raised ring around the center. rim

slightly convex offsel by a ridge. Wall of concave curveexaggerated al the base. ring fool.

Lid: frieze between irregular reserved lines; rim: herringbone.Wull: laurel pattern.

Red-figure, women; JHS 41 (1921) 145, pI. J; Agora XII. 176.no. 20.

450·440 D.C

145Su I \ Nt'THFRfl RD ROM~RI~

The Missis'ippi Pl xis gives Ihe earliest reference to thecorresponding shape of marble pyxis. The base is flat (withouttooo a.. ;11 many marble examples bUI rarely in clay. It may wellbe an adaplation of a marble pyxis such as BoslOn 81.352.7 The1;lct that such marble pyxides existed at this lime is corroboratedby the context of a Spina grave group' and a representatiun of'm'lI a marble ppi.. on the Ludm'i!>i ThrtHle Wl. M5,2).'

\I'HLUlppi P 144 fex Robinson), from Greecc. PI. H5.1.H 0.036. H ",ith lid 0.055, D. at rim O.Q94, D. of lid 0.145. H.

oj 1001 0.004.High domed lid ~parated from the ",;de flal rim by a black

tll"uldlOg Unden.ick uf rim slightly coO\"ex. Wall conca\'e withpr'IJe(,ting lo~er flange al base sepat:lted by a groo\·e.

lid- fticLe. addorsed palmetlcs linked by \OIUles, Underside oflid llange; lea\e~ and berries. lrUt'rUlr nr/id' dOlled circle and [WO

hrtlad hlack circular bands "'ilhin n:trro.... bands; honum: same.\\.111 black: Itlln'r tlul/g(" oli\'c leaves and ~rrics_

Ih~' SOlhcb} Paintcr. "Inte ground, fight: AHV, 775.2; ('VA.

t _', \,4, I he Kobinosol1 Cullection I. pI. 47.2 Uhc bronze handle i..~,lld 11) be modern).

Cu.IIJO-450 H.C.

In the A-C CIa"". The foot I}pe ho",~\el i~ characterl~til of1Ill' <.h,,>, ot Athem 1243, rhe prolile of the lid is nOl ex,actl)

Juplic3ted in an~' cia..'>.:he ~I\-Ie of the lid friele iodic:!te'> a dale around 450 8.C.;

,k(,Jlb. 01 shape set"m 10 gi\'c a slightly laler dale. The conca\enll>c tlf the "aw :md debased laurel pallern are characleristic oflhc ~l"Cond generation ul the Penlhc~ilca W~'r",hop l'ommencing,Lr,'umt +W B.C. d LoU\re CA bJ6 and LP 2bQ2 IPb. 41.1 and .121.HI,' t~ pe of fuol may also be lI}und ;n t)PC A 10 lhe Oi,h·li)l,lt Clas..

"I .. b<)UI 440 H.C.

I IIF ATTIC PYXIS144

The greatest number of identified artists of pyxides of type C afC

from the circle of the Mcidias Painter. The repertory of shapesdecorated include the hydria. lekanis. squat lekythos. lebesgamikos and loutrophoros.

Type C is a latecomer. Numbe~ do not appear umit about 430H.C. but then the type is prevalent until about 390 H.C. After thisthere are fewer examples and production stops around 150 B.e.That this type was made before 430 H.C. is clear fTom IWO

examples. London 1907.5-19.1' dating 450-440 H.C. and a whiteground e:rample in Mississippi by the Sotheby Painter of ca.460-450 H.C.

It is also c\"ident that a closely related type' was madecontemporaneousl)' in materials other than clay. Lu.xurious marbleexamples are kno\\n from Brauron.· The prome of glass pyIidesand especially of thdr lids shows their affinity with clay pyxides oftype C.s There are also parallels in .....ood.'

3. Athe"s. Agora P /5571. Pis. K6.2 and 87.4.Lid missing and aboul half the body. H. O.OS. D. at rim esl. ca.

0.125.

Inset flange for lid. concave curve to wall exaggerated at base.ring fool.

Wall: black; botrom: reserved with two (perhaps three) circlesand outer wide glazed band.

Aguru XII. pp. 176 and 327. no. 1300. pI. 43. lig. J I. Theredated ca. 400 D.e. Deposil H 19;1.

I. Alhens 17983. P1.87.1. Fig.I6d.H. 0.05. H. with lid 0.07. D. at rim 0.145. D. of lid 0.181. H. of

fool 0.008.

Bronu ring handle preserved. Lid domed with two lightlyraised rings around center, step down to rim articulated by aridge. COnC3\'e cUO'C of wall e:raggerated at base. ring fOOl.

Lid: egg and dart. frieze between reserved lines. laurel.Wall: black.

The Lid Painter. Helios. Selcne and Nyx: ARV. 1282.2.Cu. 4)0 B.C.

2. A,hnlS /597. from Athens. 1)ls. 86,1. 87.2.

H. 0.05. H. with lid 0.071. D. at rim 0.17. D. of lid 0.195. H. offool 0.007.

Ring handle missing. Lid domed with lightly raised ring aroundthe center. step down 10 rim. Concave cuo'c of wall exaggeratedat base. ring fOOl variant.

Lld: debased tongues. black band. frieze between reserved lines.black band. debased tongucs. Graffito on undcnide 01 lid.

Wall: black; bouom: area .....ithin the ring fOOl ~rved withfour circles.

Red·ligure. sealed )"oulh with Eras and ike. IwO .... omen. Inthe field. column. kalalhoi. wreaths and a fillet. also planlS.

LaSt quaner fifth C('IIIU')'.

147')"1 LV RLTH£RfLRD ROIIERn

-l -1 thnH. CI·rumlolS /5/1}, Fig. IM.1{1Il~ handle mi~slng. broken In many piece<; and mended. some

,hip" nll'>~ing. H. O_OJ8. H "'ilh lid 0.53. D. al rim 0.113. D. of

h.l 0.14. H. of fOOl OJI03.l.id ctnmt.'d .... ilh 1.... 0 rai\Cd rings at center: ridge articulates

jUlll'lio!l .... ilh ,loping rim .... hich is grOO\'ed at ils outcr edge.("llIlC<!\C curn~ tu ... all slrengthened at base. Cun'cd contour lineconncct' rin~ fOOl "'ith lo.....er flange. Lid and \\all black. Borlum:

duel' tai~ed ring". Egg-~hel1.

B1ad. lchmbau A.t'n,/ Ilf tIll' jilt" II'fjW(\' H.C.

b. N,-\\' Yllrk 06./0Z/./20. said to be from Attica.Bronze ring handle prcscT\·cd. H. 0.06. H......ith lid 0.076. D. at

rim 0.127. D. of lid 0.165. H. of fOOl 0.009.Lid. domcd ..... ith step do.....n 10 slightly ~loping rim. Lightly

rai~ed ring around center. Concave curve of .....all strengthened atbaloc. ring fool.

I id: debased tongue and dot. frieze bet .....een rcserved lines; rim:ckba..ed tonguclo.

~. Ik,.!il/ F 25/1J. from Athem.. PIs. 8tJ.3. 87.3. Fig. 16a.H. U.038. H..... ith lid 0.06. D. at rim 0.14. D. of lid 0.171.Hing handle prc~cned. Lid domed with two lightly raised rings

around lhe center. step down 10 sloping rim. Rim grooved oneuher ,ideo C0I1Ca\C cu","e to .....all exaggerated at ba~. ring fOOt.

/ Id do.:ba~cd IOllgUt.~. blllCk band. frieze bel.....een reserved lines.bl.lck ridge. debased tongues.

W"f/ black; hUllom series of concentric circles and .... ide blackbands.

Rect-ligure. Helios. Selene and Np:: CVA. Germany 22. D.:rlinJ. ilL 138.2-4. For the subjecl cf. Athens 17983 (no. I); Athens.~rpieri (ex Vlao;lo); London 1920.12~21.1 VHS 41 !192JI pI. b);London E 776 and Oxford 1914.11 (CVA. Great Britain 3. OxfordI. pI. SO. Iq 8oeotian red·figure fr. of a pyxis lid).

ell. ./30 RC

TilE ATTIC PYXIS

THE A-C CLASS

146

\VtllI: laurel paltern between reserved lines. base line reserved.BmlOm: dotted circle and two circles. All reserycd portions

reddened.Grafitto on unden;ide of lid and box match.Red-figure. Eros presenting swan to woman and woman; Eros

!lying right after Nike. seated woman enframed by vertical bands01" leaf and belT)' pattern; Richter and Milne. fig. 136: J. Noble.TIll' Tl'ch"iquf.'s of Puill/oo Aflk Pottery. 26. and note 93. fig.161.

LUJ"' quunf.'r jiflh century B.e.

1 he preceding pyxides have been loosely grouped together onthe basis of certain common characteristics. The ~'all forms aconcave curn: much streng1hened at the base. The side of the lidcontinues and completes the cur\'C~. a characteristic oorrowL'd fromIhe ppis of type A. The lid carries the frieze as is canonical fortype C and ;n thi:. class the wall ;$ usually black. The proponionof ht'ight to the diameter of the lid varies and also theorganization of the lid decoration. These pyxides date from ca.

4.10·400 B.C.The prome of Athens 17983 tno. J. PI. 87.1) is similar to that or

no. 2 (Athens 1597. PI. 86.1): in both ont' may obsen'e the conca\'ecurve of the wall exaggerated at the base. The side of the lidcompletes the curve of the box. The main piece (no. I) is intact.The foot type differs.

The contour of the wall of no. J (Athens. Agora P 15572. PI.86,2) is similar though the curve is less accentuated at the base. Itis probable that the mi:.sing lid was decorated. as Talcott andSparkes noted. for black examples arc rare.

The pyxis from the Ceramicus (no. 4) is the only completelyhlack example of type C which retains its lid. It is \'ery finelyaniC'ulated, The lid is cClO\'ex with two lightly raised rings aroundthe center such as would usually border a central paltern band ason Berlin (no. S, Fig. 16a). The wall of the Ceramicus pyxis formsl\ COnC3\'e curve accentuated at the base and the side of the lidcomplctes the curn' of the wall. The underside has three ridges.Greater care went into the potting of this black example than may

COMPARE

149SAllY RUTHERfURD ROBERTS

Copenhage" 5380. from Athens. PI. 86.4.H. 0.03. H. with lid 0.063. D. at rim 0.119, D. of lid 0.157.lid domed. with central knob handle and IO\\-er rim. groo\'ed at

be seen 10 the majority of red-figure pyxides of type C.Nu. S (Berlin F 2519. PI. bid. Fig.. 16a) like no. I is intact. The

.... all is of a concnc cunC' much strC'ngthC'ned at thC' base and itha:. the usual ring foot. The contour of the side of the lid differsfrom no. I ,md 2 ;n that it does not l'ompletc the cun'e of the wallbut projectS horizontally. 111 this feature it comes closer to thecharacteristic side profile of the pyxis type C (cf. the lid of Athens1243. Fig. 17a. or for a later fourth century example that ofMunich 2725, Fig. 1%). Thc underside of no. 5 (PI. M7.3) is mostelaborately moulded and decorated. A sequence of concentriccircles and ever wider black bands covers the entire area. A blackraised ring and the ring foot itself are incorporated in the design.

In contrast the decoration of the underside or Athens 1597 (no.2. PI. 87.2) b simple. The area within the ring foot i~ resen'cd "iththn..~ concelllric circles. The area without the ring foot is glazedand moulded. The decoralion of Athens, Agora P 15572 (no. 3.P\' 87.4). i... :.Iightl) more elaborate; two (perhaps three) circles are

cnframed b)' a wide black concentric band. The area without thering fOOl is black and moulded. The underside of Copenhagen5380 shows the most elaborate sequence of concentric mouldings.

No. 6 (New York 06.1021.120). like the Berlin pyzis and no. 1retains its original bronze disk and ring handle. The conca\'ecune or the wall is strengthened at the base and it has the usualring foot. It differs. however, in a number of respects from theOIhers of the class. It is taller in proponion to its width. Inaddilion while the side of the lid is cun'ed it lies ....·ithin thecontour line of the wall so thu there is an interruption or jog inthe continuance and completion of the concave curve of the wall.Finally the .....all is embellished with a wreath of leaves, which iscanonical for type C in general but odd for Ihis class.

IllF Arrlc PVXIS148

1. Athens /243 (CC. 1960). PI. 88.1. Fig. 17a.H. 0.062. H. with lid 0.08. D. at rim 0.121. D. of lid 0.156, H.

of foot 0.009.Domed lid with lightly raised ring around the center, step down

10 horizontal rim. Slight concave curve to waU with sloping keel.ring foot.

Lid: frieze bet""een reserved lines. reserved ridgc!, rgg and dot(inverted).

WDII- wreath of olive leaves. inverted egg and dot on lower keel.Botlom: dotted circle, circle. Yl'ide black band. rl5erved band.Matching mitt incised on Hd and bottom.Painter of Athens 1243. Aphrodite seated and woman; two

Erolts making music al the altar of Aphrodite: ARV. 1319.2.

2. Athens, Agot'P P 23910, from Athens.Center of lid and bronze ring handle missing. Jnlored. H.

0.OS2. H. with lid 0.064. D. at rim 0.112. D. of lid 0.115-0.135.Domed lid with lightly raised ring around the center, step down

to a horizontal rim. Very slight concave curve to wall. slopinglov..er keel. ring foot.

Plain, Agoro XII. pp. 176 and 327, no. IJOI, plo 43. fig. 11.There dated 400-390 D.e. Deposit Q 15:2.

3. Athen.f, from Athens.

Ring handle mining. H. 0.04, H. with lid 0.06, D. at rim 0.106,D. of lid 0.13.

lid domed with two lightly raised rings around the center. flatrim offset by ridge. Wall slightly concave with sloping lower k«1.ring foot.

Wall: myrtle and berry; lower keel: egg and dot. Boltom: dot,three circles and two black bands.

Manner of the Meidias Painter. seated woman with Eros.seated woman and woman, dancing woman and Eros; ArchEph(1968) 17·19. pI. Z. fJ and y (D. Schilardi); Puralipome"a. 479.96 bis.

Ca. 400 B.C.

152 THE ATTIC PYxIS

CLASS OF ATHENS 1243

'53

4. London E 782. from Athens. PI. 88.2. Fig. l7b.Ring bandle missing H. 0.032. H. with lid 0.043, D. at rim

0.082. D. of lid 0.102-0.103. H. of foot 0.003.Domed lid with rid~ articulating junction with sloping keel.Wall concave with ridge marking junction with sloping kn!o'er

keel. 10V0 ring foot.Lid: egg and dot then vertical. circumscribed palmette5 with

leaf below in interstices and above volutes bracket evrry otherpalmene. Odd man above head of &OS. Vertical palmenebetween two oblique circumscribed palmettes whose central petalpierces the tendril--this pattern repeated on other side of lid andin the mid spaces on one sKie a seated Eros and 00 the other a

.·oman with a phiale. Egg and dot.Wall: myrtle and berry; egg and dot on lower keel. Bottom: dot

and two circles•• ide black band.Manner of the Mcidias Painter. palmettes; Eros; maid: ARV.

1328.97; T. Panofka. Antique.f d" Cabinet d" Comtc dePOUrTulf'$·Gorgiu. pi. 33.3-4.

Ca. 410 B.C.

5. Car/sruhe 296 CB 1873). PI. 88.3.Ring handle missing. H. 0.056. H. with lid 0.072. D. at rim

0.139. O. of lid 0.17, H. of foot 0.015.Low. domed lid with lightly raised ring around the centcr and

flat rim. Wall concave with lower keel separated by a groove. Iow

ring foot.Lid: frieze; n"m: egg and dot.Wall: olive wreath; lower flange: egg pattern.Manner of the Meidias Painter, Dionysos seated, and Eras;

woman seated, and Eras; youth and woman (maid); ARV.1328.95; CVA. Germany 7. Carlsruhe I. pI. 29.3-4.

Ca. 390 B.C.

b. Dresden 385 rJ,V 1645). from Laurion. PI. 89.3.Ring handle missing. H. 0.047, H. with lid 0.06. D. of lid 0.145.

H. of fool O.Qt.Domed lid with lightly raised ring around the eeoter and

9. Athe"s 1242 (CC. 1958). from Athens. PI. 89.2.H. 0.075. H. with lid 0.085. D. at rim 0.137. D. of lid 0.17. H.

of fool 0.008.

Lid domed with two raised ringi around the center and lower

sloping rim offset by a ridge. Wall concave with moulding at topand a sloping lo.....er keel at the base. ring foot.

Lid- frieze between slightly raised ridges. egg and dot (inverted).Woll: black with egg and dot (inverted), on lowu keel.Manner of the Meidias Painter. woman sealed and ,>,oman:

Ems and ....'oman: ARV, 1328.94.

IS>

10. Toronto 370. from Athens. PI. 89.1.Ring handle missing. H. 0.058. H. with lid 0.069. D. at rim

0.129. D. of lid 0.162.Flattened. domed lid with lightly raised ring around the eenter,

flat rim offset by rKlgr. Wall slightly conrave with double ridge atbase articulating juncture with sloping lower k«l. ring foot.

Lid.- frieze. invrrted egg and dot on rim.Wall: vertical palmettr and spiral plant pattern punctuated by

rtots and circles; lower keel: invened egg and dot.Manner of the Meidias Painter. woman seated. with Ems and

woman; two women; woman seated and woman: ARV. 1328.%;Robinson and Harrum. pI. 58.

horizontal rim separated by • r.ised ring. Wan concave withmOlllding at top and a projecting lower keel. ring foot:.

Lid: debastd tongue .nd dot, frieze between reKrved lines, eggand dot. Inten'or of lid: black. Bottom; dot within two smallcircles. circ~ and wKle black band.

Wall: addorsed paJmettes linked by • scroll. black band. egg

and dot.Painter of Athens 1585. ""oman seated. with ""'oman (mistress

and maid) and Eros; woman seated. with woman (mistress .ndmaid); Eros and ,,·oman balancing sticks on their hands; ARV.1360.5; EpltA,d (874) 485.

Cll. 410 B.C.

11. Wl';rzburg 543.Bronze ring missing. H. 0.058. H. with lid 0.068.Low domed lid with ridge at junction with nat rim. Wall

conca\'e with step down to convex lower k«l. ring foot.Wall: myrtle and berry; lower Iceel: egg pattern. Bottom:area

within ring foot reserved with dotted circle. circle and black band.Wider circle of Meidias Painter. seated woman. Eros with

woman: seated woman. woman running towards her pursued byEros; LanglolZ. Gn'echische Vasen ill Wurzbu'l(, no. 543. pI. 202.

Certain common characteristics distinguish the PY1ides of this

I HE ATTIC PYXlS154

7. London E 776. from Athens. PI. 90.1.Ring handle missing. H. 0.046. H. with lid 0.064. D. al rim

0.057. D. of lid 0.145.Lid domed with (....·0 lightly raised rings around ~ntu. double

curved moulding and then step down to sloping rim. Wall.concave with moulding at top and a step down to projecting lmnrkeel. low ring foot.

Lid' debased tongues. black band. frieze between resernd lines.black moulding. debased tongue and dot.

Wal/: wreath of mynle leaves and berries.Red·figure, Eos and Selene; Cecil H. Smith. Clua/ague of tllr

Gre,,! and Etruscan Vases in tll,. Bn'tish Museum. Ill. E 776;JHS 41 (1921) 144.

8. Berlin 2720. from Attica.H. 0.08. D. 0.17.Flattened. domed lid with lower horizontal rim. wall cylindrical

.....ith moulding at top and projecting lower keel. ring foot.Lid: frieze bttw«n reserved lines, black band. egg and dol.Wul/: addorst:d palmettes linked by a scroll. black band, egg

and dot.

The Painter of Athens 1585. woman seated. with ErO!i andwoman; ARV. 1360,4; Furtwangler. La col/ectiOIl Sabouroff, pI.64. Companion-piece to Athens 1242.

Ca. 4/0 B.C.

\5<>

da$S. The wall is cylindrical or slightly conca\'c and the lower keelI~ dislincth'ely set ofT from it. The fOOl is a variant OD the ringIYpe· A cun'M contour line connects the ring (001 with Ihe lowununge so that the lo.....er third of the pyz"is gh'es the appearance ofa lo~ dish.

The majority of artists connected with this class paint in themunner of the Mcidias Painter and the period covered is fromabout 410 to 390 D.e. A pyxis. type C. dose to lhe MeidiasPainter and .... hich nlay be: by his own hand is of a differentmode!.l.

The profiles of no. I (Athens 1243. Fig. 17.) and no. 2 (Athens.Agara P 23910). afC much akin. The lower keel is distinctively setoff from the wall. The lid is domed wilh a horizontal rimprojecting above Ihe IOlA"er keel. A curved contour line connectsthe ring foot with the JaYo'er keel. Athens 1243 is the name-pteceof the artist. a follO\\er of the Meidias Painter. No. 2 is plain butpolished: the finish has suggested the influence of pyxKles madein other materials.

The profile of london E 782 (no. 4. Fig. 17b) is close 10 that ofAthens 1243 (no. l. Fig. 17a). though iu proportions are lowerand broader. The lower keel is distinctively set ofT from theslightly concne wall. The ring foot is 10\\ and joined to the ~wer

fl"nge by a curved contour. The base clearly echoes the shape ofthe lid. the conveJ:ity of one answering to the conH:J:ity of theother.

The low broad proportions of the standard-sized Carlsruhepyxis (no. 5. PI. 88.3) are similar as is the low dish·like foot. ThefOOl, however. differs in detail having a moukting OUtside the ring.

The London pyxis is small in contrast to the other members ofthe class. almost as small as the later pyxtdion. Athens. Agora P12975.15 The lid is completely articulated with a hole at the centerto receive the usual ring handle. This is in contrast to a lid inMunich ll of comparable size ID. 0.105) whose central medallion isunpierced. The same is true for a miniature lid from the AthenianAgora (P 13097. PI. 72,2).u

A pyxis (no. 3) of standard size in the manner of the MeidiasPainter was recently found in a tomb near the Eriai Gates in

\57

Athens. It appears to conform to the characteristics of the classand 10 be quite sinlilar to London E 782. It has a ring foot joinedby a cuned contour to the !ovt'er keel as is usual in this class. It hasthe ordinary egg and dot pattern ca the rim and I~er flange. LikeLondon E 782 (no. 4,Pt. 88.2). the wall is embellished with a mynlewreath.

The angle from which the photograph of the pyxis in Dresden(no. 6. PI. 89.3) has been taken, emphasized the foot whiledi!iltorting the shape of the profile. The ring foot is connected by acun·«J contour line to the outer rather than the inner edge of thelower keel in contrast to no. I (Fig. 17a) and no. 2.

London E 776 (no. 7. PI. 90.1) in its measurements andproportions comes very close to the pyxis in Dresden. It conformsto the characteristics of the class in its main features. The wall is!illightly concav~ and the lower keel is distinctly set off from it.The 10.... ring foot is connected to the Iowet'" keel by a curvedcontour. The profiling of the lid. however, is very individual. Thelid is domed ..... ith two lightly raised rings around the centerbordering the pattern band. This is quite usual. but the doublecurved moulding setting off the rim from the main convex surfaceand the double curved profile of the side of the lid arerefinements unparalleled in the class. The artist in additton is anoutsider. not a member of the Meidian circle. The pyxis isunatlr;butcd.

No. 10 [Toronto 370, PI. 89.1). has a domed lid some.... hatnaUened in contour. The wall is slightly concave with a slopinglo.....er keel distinctly offset by a double ridge. There is a simplering foot. at variance with the usuaJ foot type of the class.

The rim and lower flange: are omamented by an inverted eggand dot pattem. This is a favorite pattern formula also found onAthens 1243 (no. I), Dresden 385 (no. 6), a lid in Heidelbergll inthe manner of the Meidias Painter. and a fragmentary lid Athens,Agora P 98.n This inversion of the usual egg pattern may alsosometimes be obsen'ed on lebetes gamikoi and loutrophoroi.

The profile of Wurzburg 543 (no. 11) is very close to that of thepyxis in Toronto. The wall is concave with a 100000-er flangedistinctly offset by a ridge. The Hd is of a flattened domed

The Copenhagen pyxis (PI. 86.4) shares many of the characteristics of this class. The wall is black and of a concue curve muchaccentuated at the base. The side of the lid is curved but liesslighlly inside the line of the wall. Thus there is a jog orinterruption to the curved contour line of box and lid as in no. 6.The convex lid is furnished with a knob. instead of the customaryring handle.a The lid is decorated with a helmcted head ofAthena in profile to the left. The knob is placed at ear level.

The decoration of the lid of a Boeotian red-ligure pyxis ll formsa parallel to that in Copenhagen. The head of Athena is in profile

to the right. Both olive crowns are halved instead of just the outerone and it is the inner leaves which are shOl\-n rather than theouter.

either edge. COnC3\'C curve of wall exaggerated at base. Low ringfool.

Lid: Head of Athena, left. in central tendo. surrounded by tworeserved circles. olive wreath, ulive wreath (only outer leaves andstalk depktedl.

Wall: black. Bottom: elaborately moulded both within andwithout the ring foot.

Group of the Athena·head Pyxidcs. Athena: AIlV. 1224.1;CVA. Denmark 4. Copenhagen 4. pI. 163.7.

Ca. 410 R.e.

New Yurk 23.160.14. Fig.loc.H. 0.035. H. with lid 0.052. D. 31 rim 0.136. D. of lid 0.161. H.

of foot 0.003.Lid domed with lightly raised ring around the ~n1er. sloping

rim separall.-d b)' ridge. Conca,'c CUTYC of \\311 exaggerated al base.10..... ring foot.

Lid: debased longue and dol. Head of Alhena right in centraltendo surrounded by two reserved circles. olive wreath (inner leafand stalk), olive wreath (inner leaf and stalk).

Wall: black.Boeotian red-ligure, Athena. ARV. 1224,2 (the inventory

number there given is incorrect).425-400 H.C.

PYXIS TYPE C BY THE PAINTER OF LONDON E 777

ISISALLY RUTHEllflillD ROB£IlTS

The conca\e cune of the wall is much in..:reased at the baseand there IS a low ring foot. The "'all is black. The side of the liddOC'i not continue and complete the cune of the wall but projectsalmost horizontally above the lower nange. The profile of thebtlCl) may be compared with Athens 1597 (PI. 86.1). CopenhagcntPI. 86.4). and Alhens. Agora P IM8J5;u the latter is the dosestparallel for the contour of the wall.

For another red-figure Boeotian pyxis lid compare Oxford1914.11 which has a representation of cosmic deities. U

MlIllich 2723. from Greece. Fig. 16b.H. 0.042. H. ",ith lid 0.055. D. at rim 0.145. D. of lid 0.175. H. of

foot 0.005.Low. domed lid with two lightly raised rings around the center.

ridge at juncturc with sloping rim. Wall. cylindrical withmoulding at tup ;lnd a ridge at junction with sloping lower keel.lu" ring foot.

Lid: egg (double bordcr and black core) and dot. frieze; dm:egg (double border) and dot.

Wall: laurel: 100H?r Ic.ul: black.Painter of London E 777. mistress and m3ids; ARV. 944.85;

CVA. German) O. Munich 2. pis. qg.1 and 102.3. For the subjectcf. Athens 13676a (PI. 69.2). The thcme looks like a footnote to alebes gamikos.

This is the only pyxis. type C. decorated by the hand of aPenthesilean. The pyxis while having a strong family resemblance10 pyxides of type C in general does not fall into a class. Thec\'idencc at hand suggests that the I'cnthesilea Workshop did 1101

become involved in the production of pyxides of type C.The low. broad proportions. the cylindrical wall. the projecting

beaks of the rim of the lid and lo.....er nange indicate a dateto\\ard~ the end of the fifth century.

THIO ATTIC PYIlSISO

158 I"," 1\ nil I'nlls SAllY Rl,ITHERFURD ROIERTS ISO

PI. Ql.U. Fig. I k

D. of lid 0,143. H.

~'Ollligur3Iion_ h has a simple ring foot. The dimensions of thehod} aTC dose to those of Toronto. Unfortunatel)'. the pyxis .... asdamag\'d in World War 11 and it is no longer possible 10 ~l't'nain of the diameter of the lid. lO Langlotz attributed the pyxis10 the cia-le of the Mcidias Painter and dated it around 400 B.eUeazle}' did nOI include this pyxis in AR V and the style whiledcriH'd from the Meidian manner seems further remO'o·ed Ihanthose there listed. The egg and dOl pattern on the rim of the lidand on the lower keel is of the normal \'anety.

ODD PYXIDES

l. Af/ll'l/s 1594 (CC. 1540).

H. 0.051, H. with lid 0.058. D. i1t rim 0.125.uf fOUl 0.003.

Flattened domed lid with IwO lightly raised rings Mound theccmer. rim with concan: face. Wu/l. slight concave curv~ wilhslvplng lo.....er keel. 1010\ ring fOOl.

Lld. twO cocks confronted, tongues. frieze betwttn resen'edlincs; rim: on upper fa~. tongues. on underside. egg and dart(im·er.ed).

'Wall: frieze: thrtt pairs of animals confronted and one

~Inglelon 10 right: lower ked. egg and dart.Red-figure. horscrace. BCH SQ (1965) 9Q-1OO. fig!>. 8-9

(Bruneau).4JO·41O D.C.

2. LoulIN! CA 1586. PI. QO.J.

AboUI half the wall and nearly a quarter of thc lid reslnred.Hillg handle preserved. H. 0.034. H. with lid 0.046. D. at rim0.113. D. of lid 0.135.

lid domed with lighl1y raised ring around the ('enter, rim withCOnC3\'e face offset by a double ridge. Wall. concave with slopinglower keel.

Lid: frieze: n'm: egg and dol.

Wall and lo.....~r keel black; bOllom: black.Shmalov Painter. Eros pursuing a woman: Eras pursuing a

Io\oman; ARV 1210.68.

J. I 0 .. ,'re CA 1589.Melal disk. loop and pan of ring presen'ed. D. 0.126.Lid. domed wilh t.....o lightly raised rings around the center.Light-weight and thin-walled.Lid egg and dot; vertical palmette and lotus flower linked by

\l::roIl5. The scrolls cunc upward beneath Ihe palmcllcs anddo\\ nward beneath the lotus flowers. the latter with an additionalflourish. dOlled circles above; egg and dot; vertical circumscribedpalmcllcs wilh leaf below in inlerstices and above volutes bracketevcry other palmette.

Red·figure, patterned. lid only preserved.

4. f!t'ldtdbers: 69.5.11.0.048. D. of lid 0.13.LoY. domed lid with lightly raised ring around c:enter and raised

ring articulating junetu~ Io\'ith rim. Wall slightly concave withprojecting lower k«l. Iow ring foot. 1nterior of ring: painted star;I'xlaior '!" ri"g: series of black mouldings articulated by raisedring...

Lld.- black with resen'ed medallion at ~nler with N'O glazedcircll..~ around ~ntral dot and OUler reserved band.

Wall' \·enical. circumscribed palmettes alternating with lotusflowers joined by scrolls. The scrolls curve upward beneath thepalmettes and downward beneath the lotus flowers. Dotted circlesabove lotus flowers.

Red·ligure. patterned, R. Hampe. Kala/og der SummJungIIIII/h'r Klei"kullsr der U"il'ersi'ul Heidelberg: ll. Nl'lwrwuhunRI'I/ 1957-1970. no. 80. pI. 56.

Cu. 430 B.C.

S. Bruuro" MUSt'llm 97 fr .. from BrauroD.Ponion of wall and lower projecting keel preserved. Underside

elaborately moulded (black worn). Egg shell fabric.

I(,() IUF!\III( PYl(], SAllY RUTHERFURO R08ERTS 161

PI. 92. Fig. 18a.0.093, D. at rim

l':l1mclte a1terna[in~ with lotus Ou\\cr (addorsed: lotus abo'"ef.l1r:lelle. palment' abovt' If'lus!.

I ""T'- k"l>l: egg and dan.l\.'ll-ligurc. pattcrner!.('/1. .f3f) H.C.

Ilwre arc sc\"cral odd thin-walled pyxides of a light and delicate,.lhru: from the )"cars 4.10-420 B.C.

Athens 1594 lno. I. PI. 90.2) has a Oallcncd domed lid \\11\1\1:rim halo a conca\'e face. The \\ all is cylindrical with a down-turned1\lller keel. The low ring foot is joined by a CUfycd conI our 10 theha~e of the IO\'ocr keel. "J he protilc is relah:d lO that of the 1;,\Il'r

Cla" of Athens 1243 (er. Fig. l7a).The central medallion of the lid has cocks confronted y, ith (II,()

drcb for pUn('iU:ltion between thenl. There is a !>li~hl bit uf"loratiun :H the "cry {'emer. 110 hole remains. It l>C('l1lS likely Ihal

th" hd wa... unpierccd, for a brOIl?e di ...k I'.ith a ring h:1I1dk IIIJllldh"I\." covered the tnmlo composition Egg and dart pattern,'I nament') the side of the rim :.nd the lower keel, normal belowand ilt\t:rted above making an effe{,tive Ibme for the delicately\,.'xecutl'd animal frieze.

Thc domed lid 01 a pyxis in the I.ouvre (no. 7. Pt. ~.J) abn llil'i

,I rim with a concave face. The Wit]] is concave with a spreading,Cl'IUCX base moulding. There is no foot: the box rests on a lowmoulding lie! well in from the edge of the lower keel. Thc lack Ill'foot is a rare IcafUre for a clay pyx;s of type C, occurring also onthe early white ground example in Misllissippi H but frequent onthe related marble type. U

The LOU\Te pyxis ill attributed to the Shuvalov Painter. Onlyfour figures executed in a delicate miniature style people the lid.An Eros pursues a woman who looks back at him while neeingane! the like. The few figures and amplt> space surrounding themare in contrast tll Ihe compositionll in the m'lnncr of the McidiasI'ai Ilter. l1

.\ li~ht and fragile dOlIll.."rn bands the main one an elegant anthcm;on pattern.

PYXIDES TYPE C WITH A TRIPARTITE FOOT

I. BU~/{I" 04.18. from Athens.Bronze ring handle missing. H. 0.033, H. with lid 0.045, D. at

rim 0.113. D. of lid 0.134. H. of foot 0.005.Lid domed with raised ring around the center, ridge articulates

juncture with sloping rim. Concave curve to wall with projectinglower keel, 10""-, tripartite foot.

1.ld· vertical, circumscribed palmettes with leaf below inintl'r:.tices. Volutes intended to bracket every other palmette butl".rried out somewhat haphazardly. Odd man above figure of

Athena: fricle, egg and dot.Names inscribed: OAYllEYL A9HNM, 4lYAONOH, ~~IKA,

KAEOflATPA, /lEYKlnnH.Ai:.on, Odysseus and Nausicaa, ARV. 1177,48 "Restored: the

ltl\\er paris of all the figures are modern": BMFA 3 (1905) 31;1'",."I;I't)II/(>IIO. 460: T. B. L. Webster, Poltt>r alld Patron illCf"s.I';nJ! AtJIl'IIS. 256·257.

('11. 420 /J.G.

2. Oxfurd 551.Ring handle nllssmg. H. 0.078. H. with lid

0.152, O. of lid 0.197, H. of foot 0.007.Lid domed with lightly raised ring around the center. Wall

cylindrical with projecting lower keel, grooved near the outeredge, low tripartite foot.

Lid: vertical. circumscribed palmettes with leaf above andbelow in imerstices, frieze between irregular reserved lines, eggand dOl.

Wall: frieze, black band between reserved lines; lower keel: eggand dOl, groove, black band.

Close to the Meidias Painter, woman seated and three women:woman tying her sandal and woman: woman seated, and Eros:three women; woman dressing, and woman: woman seated, andEros: on the lid; woman seated and two women: woman sealedand Eros; woman and Eras; two women. ARV. 1328,98; 1315;CVA. Great Britain 3, Oxford I, pI. 46,1-7 and pI. 47,2 (theredated end of the fifth century); Paralipomena. 479.

The size, lighlness and fragility of a pyxis in Boston by Aisonconner:ts it with the preceding group. The wall is slightly concave\\ ilh a projecting lower keel. The lid is domed with a rimmatching that of the lower keel in extension. The conlour of thelid is paralleled by certain marble pyxides. Compare Boston81.352 and also another in Herakleion.u

4. Athf'IIs /630 (CC. 1959). from Erelria. PI. 93. Fig. 18b.Pres~rved: bronze loop and fragment of ring handle. H. 0.081.

H. wilh lid 0.105. D. at rim 0.167. D. of lid 0.212. H. of foot 0.01.lid domed with lightly raised ring around cenlrr. groon~ then

ridge articulate juncture with wide. flat rim. Cylindrical wallseparated from sloping lower keel by ridge.

Lid: frieze, rim: egg (black core) and dart.Wall: fri~:ze (nuptial procession); lower keel: egg (black core)

and dart.

Red·figure. adornment of Ihe bride: Schefold. UIIt/'rsuchu,,'ioW" zu de,. Kenscher Vase,.. 59; FR. Ill. 154; R. Cinou\·es.Bulallf!utike. 275.

Ca. 370·360 B.C.

163

I. Munich 2725. PI. 91.2. Fig. 1%.Ring handle missing. H. 0.06, H. with lid 0,069. D. at rim

0.117. D. of lid 0.15, H. of foot om.Flattened, domed lid with two raised rings at center and wide

lower rim with a conca\'e face. Wall slopes outward slightly with a

THE CHALKI CLASS

The contour of the lid of Oxford 55) (no. 2. PI. 92) connects it'" ilh that of Aison and also with the marble pyxides with highdomed lids mentioned above. The wall is cylindrical ",ith a lower!olopmg keel ",hose utension is matched by the projection of thelid. rhere is a 10\\ tripartile foot. 1S The fineness of articulationand the elaborate moulding of the foot and underside of the boxare commensurate ",ith the lavish deroration of wall and lid. Boththe lid and the wall are decorated with a frieze, 3. rare feature fora pyxis. type C. The pyxis presents a bejeweled aspect. The fleshof the Eroles is painted white and there are abundant details in

raised clay which are gilded.The proportions and size of this pyxis bear no relation to no. I.

It ha!> the largest lid diameter of fifth century pyxides of type Cand heralds a fourth century group which is characterized by

large Jimensions and lavish decor.It has been atlribult,'d to the manner of the Meidias Painter

and Bculey noted thal it may be by the painter himself.2' Pyxidesof the Class of Athens 1243 are mostly in the manner of theMeidias Painter and are of a quite different shape (see aOOn pp.152·158. PI. 88.0.

A ppi!o type C ",ith a tripartite foot is also a rare occurrence inIhe fourth century. No. 4 lAthens 1630. PI. 93). is the only

ellanlple of which I ha\'e knowledge. It has a cylindrical wall witha ",idely projecting 1000'er keel. The lid is of a domed configurationwilh a rim matching that of the lower keel in extension. Thetripartite foot is relatively tall. It has the large dimensions ofmany of the fourth century pyxides of type C. like Oxford SSl(no. 2). both wall and lid are decorated with a frieze.

-I tiE ATTIC PYXlS162

J. COfl4'"hugl'n 5379. PI. 91.1.Bronze ring handle prcscne<!. H. 0.056. H. ",.jlh lid 0.079. O. al

rim 0.131. D. of lid 0.183.Convex lid dh'ided into three slightly arched sections with

$Ioping rim. Lightly raised ring around thr: center. two othersframe pattern. another midway and ~'O at rim. Wall slightlyCOnC3\'C with sloping lower keel separated by a ridge. Low,tripartite foot.

Litl: band of egg and dot. the rest black.Wall: black; foot: black with small reserved tondo at center

'" ilh tiny circle within circle. circle and lightly raised ring (black).Black, CVA. Denmark 4, Copenhagen 4, pI. 163.2: Agurtl XII,

170 no. 28.End of fifth century a.c. The paucity of ornament and its lack

of relation to decorated 4th century black.glaz.e ware would placeit in the fifth century.

COMPARE

4. Vimna 1484. from Greece.Bronze ring handle presened. H. 0.075. 0.0.16.Low. domed lid. \\all slopes outward with moulding at top and

a sloping. lo""er keel at the base. ring foot.Lid: frieze: rim. egg and dot.Wall. m)Tt.le: luwer kl!eJ: egg and dot.The Chalki Group..... oman seated .... ith Erotes. )'outh and

....omen: ARV. IS03.1. CVA. Austria I. Vienna t. pI. 50.1-2.

5. BirminRham /610.85.H. 0.06. H. with lid 0.065. D. at rim 0.10. O. of lid 0.142. H. of

foot 0.012.Flattened. domed lid wilh two raised rings at center and a third

articulating juncturc with ....-ide. lo.....er rim.Wall separated from sloping lower k«1 by a raised ring.Ud: black tondo. reseo'ed band between raised rings. frieze.

n", egg and dot.Wull- myrtle: luwer k't'l· egg and dol.Chalki Group. head of Aphroditc ..... ith Ercs. youth and maid:

seated woman. with Erns: ARV, 1503.4; Metzger. R .. pI. 6.4;

Puralipomnlu. 499.

165SAU_V RUTHERI'UIU) ROIlERTS

6. Athe"s /359. from Athens. PI.lJ4,1 and %.2.Lid broken and mended. H. 0.038. H. with lid 0.05. D. of rim

0.065, D. of lid 0.09.Lid domed with raised ring around central un pierced medallion.

anOlher around frieze and a third articulating juncture betweenwavc and egg and dot pallcrll. Wall slopes outward slightly with amoulding al the top and a sloping. lowcr keel separated from thewall by a raised ring. Dish foot with low ring.

Lid: medallion (tiny circle and circle), friez.e. wave. egg and dot.WuJl: myrtle. lower keel: egg and dot. BOl/om: circle with tiny

circle within it. circle and black band .Chalki Group. miniature; Eros and seated woman with a

moulding at the top and a sloping lower keel at the base.Lid: black band. reserved band between raised rings. frieze.

resen'ed line: n'm: egg and dot.Wall: mynle; fower leeeL- egg and dOl. BOlIom: area within ring

1"001 reserved. circle with tiny circle within it. band. circle. hand.Chalki Group. head of Aphrodite. with Eros. }'outh. and maid;

head of Aphrodite. with Eros and maid: ARV. 1503.3; CVA,Gennany 6. Munich 2. pI. 98,2 and plo 102.4.

2. Lmldon E 778. from Athens. PI. 94.2. Fig. 19a.Restored: knob and stem. H. 0.065. H. with lid 0.073. D. at rim

0.117. D. of lid 0.15. H. of fOOl 0.007.Lid domed with slightly raised ring around center and sloping

lo.....er rim. Wall cylindrical with moulding at top. and a slopinglower keel at the base. ring foot.

Lid: frieze: nOm: egg and dot. Lid inten·or. black with reservedband around edge; bottom: tiny circle and 1....0 circles. blackband. Wall: myrtle; lowl!r bl!l: egg and dot.

Chalki Group..... oman scated ......ilh youlh. Eroles and maid...Rt:stored: aboul one fourth of the rim. The taenia hanging fromthe box held by a ""oman hastening to the right has betnrepainlt~d as ha\'e an Eros to her right and the right leg of Iheyouth. It may be that the portion of drapery held by the youthalso has been added: ARV. lS03.2.

3. Nt'Vl' Yurk 06./02/,112. PI. Q7.2. Fig. 19c.Ring handle missing. H. 0.06. H......ith lid 0.07. D. at rim 0.126.

D. of lid 0.16. H. of foot 0.008.Flattened. domed lid with lightly raised ring around the center

and sloping rim ..... ith ridge at the juncture. Wall. concave withmoulding at the top and a sloping. lower keel at the base.

Lid: black band. reserved band. raised ring. frieze; rim: eggand dol.

Wall: myrtle: lower keel: egg and dot. Lid interior: black withreserved band around edge; bottom: same.

Compare ..... ith the Chalki Group. woman and youth. scated.....oman. Erotes; maid and seated youth: A. Sambon. CollectionCanessa. 71. no. 245.

164

kibolion between ......oman right. Eros and woman. Underside ofthe lid groo\'ed. Fool differs from class.

7. Hun'ard 1927.152 (Gift of E. P. Warren). Fig.I9d.Ring handle restored. H. 0.049. H. with lid 0.06. D. of rim

0.112. D. of lid 0.15. H. of foot 0.011.Lov. domed lid with sloping rim separated by a ridge. Wall

cylindrical with sloping lower keel. ring foot.Lid: bead and reel. (rieu between reserved lines. egg and dot.

Interior of lid black wilh reserved oult:r ring.Wall: white ground. myrtle wreath (fragmentarily preserved) at

top of wall. lo ....er keel: traces of egg pattern. B01wm: dottedcircle and circle. wide black band, circle.

Unattributed. Eras pursuing woman to right and woman lleeillgleft. youth pursuing woman to the left and Eras. In the field twoscrolls and a plant. The diameter of the lid is slightly tOO large forthe box: the lid probably does not belong. CVA. U.S.A. 8. FoggMuseum and Gallatin Collections. pI. 20. Sa-b.

'.7

of the lid. The slope from the domed portion to the rim is lessabrupt. On the underside of the rim there is a groO\e next to thelnnennost portion which rests on the moulding at the top of the'l\all. The stem and knob are restorations and must be subtracted.One may see the lightly raised ring around the center outside thestem on the photograph. On the underside of the lid a bit ofmetal still remains in the hole. The Bd therefore once had themetal disk and ring handle canonical for clay pyxides of type C.

No. 4 (Vienna 1484). appears to be very close to the pyxis in

Munich (PI. 91.2). The wall slopes outward slightly with a moulding:tI the top and at the base. a projecting lower keel. I ha\'e not hadall opportunity to examine this vase but from CVA the lid appears,imilar in conlour 10 thal in Munich. The articulation between theconvex portion of the lid and the rim is not clear from thephotograph. The underside of the rim is grooved. There is theuwal ring foot.

A pyxis in New York (no. 3. Fig. 19<:) is akin in profile andmeasurements to the others of this class. The pyxis isasymmetrical: one side is warped. This asymmetry has not been!r.ho'l\n in the drawn profile. The lid has a dome of flattenedcontour with a sloping rim. The underside of the rim has a flatindentation exactly like that of Munich (no. 1. Fig. 19b). The wallhas :I moulding at the top and a projecting lower keel at the base:.The rim and lower keel fonn the characteristic projecting beaksbe)"ond the line of the wall. It has the usual ring foot. Thecontour of the waU is concave. a feature at variance with the othermembers of the class. The patterns are canonical. egg and dot onthe rim and lower keel and for the wall a wreath of myrtle.

The decorators of Ihis class belong to the Chalki Group. namedafter the provenance of an epinetronl' found on Rhodes.lt BeazleyIlOtes. "The four pyxides of type C (nos. 1-4) go together and maybc by one hand: the onos is near them. but goes rather with theLondon pyxis E 783 (no. 5)."10 The pyxis in New York (no. 3. PI.97.2) is unattributcd.

Certain poses recur almost without change in the work of thisgroup. A woman leans forward with her left foot on an eminence.her right arm is outstretched almost horizontally while the left. is

THE ATTK PYXn

Pyxides of this class have a distincti\'e shape. The low. natteneddomed lid has a .....idely projecting rim. whose underside has anindentation or groove. The wall has a moulding at the top and aprojttling lower keel. Both the rim of the lid and the lower keelof the box project like beaks beyond the wall. There is a ring foot.The underside of the pyxis within and without the ring foot is notelaborately moulded. Measurements are moderate. quite like thoseof pyxides of type C of the last thirty years of the fifth century.Egg and dot ornament Ihe rim and lower keel. A myrtle wreathencircles the wall.

The painters belong to the Chalki Group: the pyxides date ca.400·390 a.c. Glass pyxides of a type closely related 10 claypyxides of type C have lids of a very similar contourY

The characteristics of the shape of the Chalki Class arc mostclearly discerned in Munich 2725 (no. I, Fig. 19b). Thearticulation of the different parts of the London pyxis (no. 2. Fig.19a. PI. 94.2) is less sharp. Onc might say the articulations aresofter. less defined. This is particularly noticeable in the contour

'66

lowered. Sometimes the position of the arms is motivated by theaction as in Vienna and New York (PI. 97.2), olher time:. not as onthe Chalki epinelron. u Ad'ens 1359 (PI. 96.1). and London E 783.31A nude male figure is sometimes similarly posed as on the Munichlid (pI. 95,1). The male figure un London E 778 (PI. 95.2) wasundoubtedly so positioned but when the vase was festored thesupporting leg was not redrawn correctly so the youth seems to belumbering forward instead of slanding securely on his right legwith his left foot placed higher. The Eroles depicted on these lidshave white flesh with wings reserved. sometimes with added claythen gilded. Exceptionally. the Eroles on the miniature. Athens1359. are plain. Eras is often shown running. legs widespread withboth arms forward holding a low dish. The dish may ~ discernedon the Vienna lid and compare also the Erotes on the Munichand New York lids. where the pose is the same though no obj«tmay ~ seen. Another stock pose is that of a woman running tothe right carrying a chest and taenia while looking back; comparethe depiction on Ihe Chalki epinelron with those on the Munichand London pyxides. The bodices of the women's chitons areembroidered.

The style of Ihe lid in New York is closest to that in Vienna. Athree-figure group is almost a replica of that on the Vienna lid.An Eras races to Ihe right towards a woman with her foot on anelevation. who reaches for a fleeing youth. The wings of Erosdepicted on the New York lid are positioned differently from thoseof Erotes by the Chalki Group but otherv.·ise the style is strikinglysimilar.

The shape of the New York ppis. the patterns and the figuralst}'le resembles the others of the Chalki Class and Group.

The profile of a pyxis at Harvard (Fig. 19<1). should becompared with that of the Chalki Class. The wall is cylindrical..... ith a sloping lower keel. There is a ring fool. The underside ofthe pyxis, both within and without the foot, is not elaboratelymoulded. Unlike the pyxides of the class there is no moulding atthe top of the wall. The box is in white ground t«hnique. a rarityfor pyxides at this period. lJ

'68 T"h ATTIC PvXIS I.'

FOURTH CENTURY PYXlDES OF TYPE C

I. Athens 1369. Fig.17d.Bronze ring handle preserved. H. 0.06. H. with lid 0.085. D. at

rim 0.182. D. of lid 0.216.Lid domed With a lightly raised ring around the center: ridge

articulates juncture with uptilted rim. Wall concave with sloping

lower keel. ring fool.Lid egg and dot, frieze between resen'ed lines; rim: egg and

dot.Wall myrtle and berry; lower Iceel: egg and dot. Bottom: area

within ring foot reserved with circle. band and wide band.Kesen'ed ring just outside foot.

Red.figure. located woman with youth and Eras. maid runningright to'Aards an altar; woman. youth with seated woman and

Eras..175·]50 B.C.

2. Phi/utlelphia. U"i1'I'fsity MU$('Iu" MS 5462.H. 0.062. H. wilh lid 0.079, D. at rim 0.181. D. of lid 0.215, H. of

I'oot 0.013.Lid domed with slightly raised ring around cenler. then

moulded band bordered by rcserved ring (groove on eilher side).slep down 10 rim. Wall. slightly concave with sloping lower keel.

ring foot.Lid: egg and dot. frieze; rim: egg and dot.Wall. myrtle and berry; loll.'u kf'f'I: egg and dot.Ked.figure. wedding of Herakles and Hebe; Thf' Mu.seum

Juurnal 7 (1916) 269·276. figs. 204·205. Schefold. Untenuc:hurl'

1:('/1. 59. no. 579.

:'1. Athl'IIS. Agoru P 100. fr., from Athens .Fragment of lid with portion of rim preservt."<l. H. 0.019. D. est.

ca. 0.20.Lid domed with projecting rim (horizontal above and uptilted

below) with juncture articulaled by a ridge.Egg and dot pattern on rim. Added clay for dots at eenter of

5. Baltimore. Wailers Art Gallery 48.264 (ex Drummer).H. 0.072. H. with lid 0.093, D. at rim 0.125. D. of lid 0.161. H.

of foot 0.012.

Lid domed with slightly raised ring around the «mer and ridgearticulating juncture wilh wide flat rim. Wall. conca\'e withmoulding at top and a sloping lower keel grooved on either side.ring foot.

eggs tonee gilded ?).

Red-figure. (woman seated to the right 011 3 klismos holding ano~n-work basket. woman approaches her from the right. betweenthem a loutrophoros';lydria); Talcott and others. 5m01l objectsfrom ,h,' Pnyx: 11. Hf'SperiU Supplemt'lll X. no. 143. plo J I and

fig. 1. For the subject ef. the lid of a pyxis type C. Cambridge20.23 (CVA. Great Britain 6. Cambridge I. plo 36.2). For thebasket. Richter and Hall. pp. 215-6. no. 169.

175-350 B_C

1'1

Lid frieze between irregularly resen-ed lines; drn. egg and dot.Wall palmelt~ alternately \ertical and re\'ersed .... ilhin

triangular frame; lower leeel: egg and dot.Red-figure. seated ~oman .... ilh Eros. maId. Eros and ....oman.

St)'k contemporaneous with the last but ..... ith Meidian m'ertones.ell..170-]60 B.e.

b. Adolphsf'cle 65. from Athens.H. 0.087. H..... ith lid 0.105. O. at rim 0.152, D. of lid 0.21.

Domed lid .... ilh lightly raised ring around Ihe center. wide nalrim, ~an conca\'e .... ith strongl)' projecting convex lower keel, ringfOOl.

Underside of rim and lower keel of scalloped contour.Lid Irieze; rim: egg and dot.W~IJ laurel ~reath; lol'l'l'r Icf'i>{ egg (black core) and dol.Ked.figure. scaled oman ~ilh Eros and .... oman, sealed

~oman .... ith Eros and oman; CVA, Germany 11. Adolphseck I,

pI. 42, I and 3 (protile, fig. 7).Ca. .175·]50 8.C.

There arc fe ..... founh century pyxides of type C and of thesemost clmtinue the canon of the Class of Athens 1243. The wall isC)lindrical or slighlly conca\'e with a lower keel clearly offset. Therim also is distinctly offset from the domed lid. The~ is a ringfOOl connected by a curved contour to'the lower nange. The trendis towards larger dimensions: the diameter of the lids arc thelargcst recorded for type C. As fourth century pyxides of type A(the Doubles) are Ihe tallest so Ihese are the broadest of theirk.ind. Most of the examples stem from the second quarter of thefourth century and production appears to come to an end about350 B_Co

No. I (Athens 13(9) is inlact. The lid is domed with anuptillcd rim: the wall is slightly concave with a sloping lower keel.The rim of the lid projects slightly furl her than the lower keel.The foot is a variant on the ring type with a curved sectionconnecting it with the lower keel. A curious and perhapsaccidental feature is that the sloping floor of the pyxis is lower

rHIIi.: Arnc PvXIS170

4. A,hen.l. Ceramicus 3104. from Athens.

Ring handle missing. H. 0.065. H. with lid 0.088. D. al rim0.155. D. of lid 0.19.

lid domed with two lightly raised rings around ccntcr, rimtilted upward. Wall slightly concan~ with sloping lower keel. ringfoot.

Lid: frieze framed between reserved groove and reserved line:nOm: egg (black core with raised dot) and dot.

Wall: palmettes alternately vertical and reversed withintriangular frame; IO\l'('r ked: egg (black core with raised dot) anddot.

Otchel Group. seated ~'oman with Eros. seated woman wilhEms and maid (Epaulia); AthMiu 81 (1%6) 74. Dei!. 48.1.3 and49.4 (SchJOrb-Vierneisel); AlA 77 (1973) 435-437. For the wallpallern see the next entry and a pyxis. type C. once Hearst 2395(Calalogue Purke Berne'S April 1963, no. 29); also Athens. Agorap 4939 fr. (H. 0.055, D. est. 0.19 found ill Fauvel's huuse Hl'spf'ritl

25 11956] 27 under C); also a wooden pyxis in Ihc Louvf'C (AA

(19551 figs. 7.i and 12).Ca. 370-360 B.C.

than the ring fOOl so that the base actually rests on the floorrather tban Ihe fOOt (Fig. 17d). The diameter of the lid is 0.216, alarger dimension for the lid than wc ha\c hitherto encountered.

The profile of a fragmentary lid from the Athenian Agora (no.J) should be compared. Its diameter has been estimated at ca.0.20. The contour of the lid is ,,'cry similar to no. I and it alsodates from the second quarter of the fourth cemury. The style hasno affinity .... ilh that of no. I.

The shape and mcasurcmcnb of a pyxis in Philadelphia (no. 2)are dose 10 those of no. I. Onc l>lriking difference is that theinterior of no. 2 is rectangular. whereas in no. I it has the fonn ofa bowl. The wall is slightly COnC3\'C \,1.ith a sloping lo.....er keel. Theprofile of lhe rim of the lid shows Ih~ same pro~cting beak with ashon vertical s«lion below il as In the Athens pp,is. The lidhas a diameter orO.215. Around the l-enter of the lid i~ a mouldedband decorated .... ith an egg and dot pattern. There is a ring footjoined by a curving contour 10 Ihe lo.... er keel. A groove articulate..the junction with the lower keel.

A pyxis in Adolphseck (no. 6) has the most exaggerated prolileof any of the fourth century pyxides of this class. The lid isdomed with a wide flat rim; the wall is conca\'e with a lower keelwhose projection is slightly less than that of th~ lid's rim. Thering foot is connected by a cun'ed contour to the lower keel. Thedome of Ihe lid is reflected by the shape of the base. Theunderside of the rim of the lid and the lo.....er flange are manytimes grooved ghing a scalloped contour. There is more extensi\'earticulation on the underside of the pyxis than on the uppersid~.

A pyxis from the Ceramicus (no. 4) has a slightl)' eonca\'e wallwith a sloping lower keel. The N'o-degree ring foot is connectedby a curved contour to the lo.....er keel. The lid is domed with anuptilted rim whose projection is matched by that of the lower keel.

The pyxis was found with a red-figure lekanis, three lebetesgamikoi and olher black and plain pots in an Opfersrelle in theCeramicus. Barbara Schlorb·Vierncisel considered the lebetesgamikoi, lekanis and pyxis all to have been decorated in the sameshop. The wall of the pyxis is decorated with a pallern ofpalmettes alternately vertical and reversed within a triangular

frame. This is an unusual pattern to find instead of the customary'.... re:uh of Iea\·es. The lekanis wall also carries the same patternand the subject of the figured fri~ze interpreted by SchlorbVierneisel as Epaulia on both lids is the sam~. Therefore thetheme decorating the pyxis. leaknis and lebetes gamikoi iscoordinated and the vases boughl for onc occasion probably here(l funeral. One must here envision matched sets of red·figuredvaSL'S made in a shop and decorated Ilo'ith regard to a particulartheme decorating the pyxis, lekanis and lebetC1 gamikoi isa range of vase: shapes to be made by a potter or pott~rs within aghen shop. In addition. it seems logical to expect in time to beable to auribute \ases ..... ithin this vase repertory to a painter orgroup of painters, once a t)pe of ,ase Ilo ithin the repertory has betnattributed to an :artiSI. A proof for the conjectural S~I of '-ase-; isprodded by Ihe repr~entation on a Kerch lekanis lid. Athens 1190(Iromispiece). A bride sits on a klisnlos .... ith Ems leaning againsther A full set of vases is grouped around her. To the leH a lebesgalllikus 311d a 10\\ broad pyxis. type C, to the right a tall pyxis oftype A. a lebes gamikos 3nd a lckallis. Another lebes gamikos isbrought by a woman.

Funher evidence of th~ "matched set" comes from theAthcni:lIl Agor3. 1\ lekanis loo and the lid of a pyxis type AlS ha\'ethe same pallerns. Oblique addorsed palmenes linked by arunning scroll is Ihe main pattern on each. The subsidiarypatterns are also the same on OOth_ These pieces do not have thesame prrn'enance Iol.ithin the Agora but clearly come from th~

same shop.This paltern seems to emerge around 430 a.C. The Marlay

Painter is known to have decorated leb~tes gamikoi and pyxidesas well as 10utrophoroi. l6 One would expect Itl find theloutrophoros made ..... ithin the same shop from its related them~.

Many lebetes gamikoi. !outrophoro; and a pyx;s are attributed tothe Washing !)ailllerY Loutrophoroi and lekanidL'S have beenattributed to the Mcidias Painter. JI Lebeles gamikoi. loulrophoroi.lckanides and pyxidcs are among the repertory of shapes attributedto the manner of Ihe Meidias Paintcr. Jt Lebetes gamikoi and alekanis ha\Ce been attributed 10 Ihe fourth century Mars}'3sPainter.~

172 TIIF ATTIC PYltl~ SALLY RUTUERFIJIlO ROBEaTs I7J

~Onl" of the: original bront" hand"'" aIT prnt""~. Joo;cph \ "ach l'-oblc:. TI,('r",/""q,,1'} "/ P"III,..d Aoil' PulI,-,., (:'\I ...... '01'''- 1%5) 16. fi~ 101. Ag<WIl XII. I-toand footlHJ(C' 22.2 Ag._ XII. I7b-In. 327·328.J. IbId.. '-6.

4. Bell 8· (l9bJl ~08. lig 14 {hIp "'fl'.5. JGS I (IQ59J 11-11. lip. 1·19 iWcinbo:rg).n. AA (I9SS1 m. 14. Iig. -:.~ lid In tn.: crnt"r ~Io•.- ,.,.." l. T1w:' affinil)" of lie -.;and col. 19-20. fig. 12 Is c\osl:. 10 marble ~,..idt"S of the: 10-', broad l)'~. Compal"l'"","",,lut, P11Xles of the ttntra! boa..!> IllX VGS I 1195"1 fi!r'_ 2.l-14 and :lb'-. HMI-A 31 (l9J91 eo. fig 12 (rightly d1lltd In 5th ttnlul')" B.C.): JGS I (1'15'#) 10.fi,l. 25.!l SaIUh>f" Aur'K"'mma. L.. N''''''''f'f>l, d. 5,....u .n Vull.. T,..flba. 1.2. pp. b5·l'A. 1'1,-9. C. M A. RICh..:., Tit.. St'Il/pI" .... Imf! S(M/plun ..J ,11" Grr..... 44th td.; Nc:ltoHa_cn 19-0) fil. 514, H ~, lhdr')"' TIt.. S......,.. S.)"I.· in Grn'l Sc"'pf,," lrrincdon1970).so Ind bibhO(lllphICII T'l."f~1K'eS on p. 55.10. MD. Hrlk Sahk... Robn1~ k'ndly m\p«1ed the lid ud ,"formed ITlt' in a inleT.Ma) I. 1969. that lhe ,"tenor of lhe lid is inlacl and the ~lem of t,", knub ur'Klnlll.The koob Itlol'lfall.o appra~ In hotlong. I am al ....' indebled 10 M~ R~"s for lhemU.lun:mc:nli of Ihis pyl~.

11. I.>r. lhtlnrh von 80lhmcT In'Kn«Ith... P)'IIS:tS BorOlian.1 am l:n:atl)' 'ndebted10 hIm for permiSSIon to nlmme thIS vase and OIhers at tht Melropolllan Mu~um.

Dr. _on 80thntrr al,... ronlim,f((! that th", ... Ihr sam.: PP'~ menliono:d ,n ARV.1224.2.12. A,lIl,,"" XII ..127. no. I~. lig. 11. 'fhc,rr dated4~ 8,C.IJ. 51'1«,. no. 99. pI. 8 and rd"erentt:S. Compare the treatment of the hair.14. ARV. 1315 and U28.'Jti.

IS. Sec abo'ot p. 117.16. CVA. German)' 6. MUnlc:h 2. pI. 99.1. Tht:n: dale:d ca. 400 8.C.17. 'Wx' aoo-e p. 117.18. ARV. U28.9J; w. KraikrT, I(ll""oe d..r Sll",ml""g ..n,iAc·, KIl'inAu"~f ./",Uni...·n;tat /ltid..l1x>rR. I. die rotfrgurigt:n allisch.en Vasen. n". 219. pi. 4.1.19. Luey Talcoll and Olhe:D. Small Obfrru from fhl' l'''y;r 11. 1I.'Jpt'riuSuppl..ml'''' X. no. 1J8. pi. I1 and fig. I. "The poc:M i~ a favorite: onc: ",.jth the:Meidias painler and his follO'Aers ..."20. I am indebtt.'d to Dr. Guntrllm 8eck",1 fur pllrtieulars eoncrrning Ihe shape ofthis pyxis.21. ARV. 775.2; CVA. U.5.A. 4, The Robinson Collcction 1. pi. 47.2.22. The marble pyltides 80stnn 86.54. 81.JS4 and 81..352 ha"e a widely projectingbase: motlldinl!. That of 8~ton 81.J52 is elaboralely grOO\'t'd. Compare ah..Hcraklt:,,,n Mu\O:um 11 and Brussels A 2215 V(i!, I [1'l5'lj t1g~. 2]·21». Onc InIkrlin VIA 55 [19401 e(ll b28. liJo:. 10) b '''I") ~lmilar to Bust"n 86.~. The undcrsid,'of th""" I')~i<l"",~ nOlI. tlll'rc i~ no fOOl.D. Cf.AWV, 1328.96; Robinson and Hareum. 180. no. .170. pi. 58; ARV 1328.98;CVA, Great Britain J. O;.,ford I. pi. 46.7.

2-1 JGS I 1I9y.JJ 19-20. fiKS 22 and 25.25. The pp'" I)'pc C i\ rarely furm~hed "llh I mpllMlle fOOl The rrl:lled marbk1"'" ... hen fomni ha' thr.., Iovo ...edgc·\haped feel 01 a qUilt dlfferenl tyl"" e.g.,Hr~un'n IlICII "'~ II(joJ[ ~('" fi)! 1141, O",,'odl:n l\ ~ Ii>JlIAA 13 118Qll[ 110. figHI. Sp'n~ tAUrlj/l·ft101a. L.. \ ... ""{.'/' d, !'{'''''' ", 1,;,,11, Tt, h""'. I, 2. pi ~~ PO'A{'lIdt[llb. AR", IJ15. IJ28. 911; 1'1ltll1fpvnt~M. 4"79.2:. JGj· I 11~111·21. flIP. 8. 13. 15.!l'i. AmA ~Ilppkrnt'nt I. 1%3. p, 18. no. r. pi 9.3 (l,II)' (j-KahdJ: A,l:'(lI'<l XII.VII and h.>Il101e .\lQ. ARV. 15OJ.b; Chlru RllOJw 2. IJI .boo·e. 135-9. pls. ),530, ARV. ISOJ.J!. Chl ... R/lOde» 2. pi IVJ2. ARV. 1503.5; Walten. H.A P pl 42.J Hen: the "ghl lund ~ plll('t(j on the- h,p.. nil I duntc in lhe ~ition oIlM uppl"r tOl'W..H \re ..'-~ p. IJ1 and foocllOCe 35.j.I Hnrmll 20 (19511 220. no. b. 1'1. 7J and ahu pp 218·219: A",'"' XII. J85IAposll B IltS dau:d n. 4J0.425 BC.Jf> /lnl"-"''' J5 lI'liCibl &J. PI 27.... AIso!itt above p. 71 :tnd 1'1. 5.3J.Ji> ARV 1271.14·15.1718.22·25.r ARV. 1126·II2K and Illl.I9b; Purvlfpomrnll 454. J hl!\ Ind J tn.3& AHV I.\IJ.8·IO; IJI.\. 1~-1l1

19 AIo:V, 1J22. 11-18; 1J22·l3. 1~·J2 1«; 1Jlt>·17.11'1O: 1J2!l.92-99: Pllrol.".,m,nll 4~9. 14 hIS. 20 hIS. 91 blS Ind 96 b,~

40. ARV. 1475.1-2.7,

174 'tilE ATTIC" PYXIS

NOTES, CHArTFR q

SALLY RUTtiEIIFURD Ra.ERn 175

176

CHAPTER VIIIconographyof the Pyxis

The iconography of the pyxis is overwhelmingly female and sothe occurrence of tare male subje<:'t matter bctw~n 6(X) D.e. and490 a.e. requires some explanation.

Some of thest vases come from large workshops such as that ofthe Leafle<i'i Group and the Haimon Ilaintcr. Here. where e\'idenccis plentiful it may be seen that the subjeeu are simply taken fromthe usual repertory of the workshop and from other vase shapes.

Warriors leaving home, Amazons and warriors leading horsesare found on cups by the uafless Group.' Subjects such asHerakles and the boar or Herakles and the bull are found onlekythoi. cups and mastoids in the manner of the HaimonI'aintcr.~ Handleless mastoids particularly depict Herakles in alabour. repeated twice. in one composition as is the case for thepp:is Berlin 2034 (PI. IS.Il. JThe komos appears on small hydriaior cups.·

A number of vases merely depict animal or bird life, as theubiquitous swan on pyxides of the Swan Group (Conservalori 305and Edinburgh 1956.424).5 Tleson's pyxis (PI. 3.2)6 has a sirenbetween cocks; a siren between sphinxes. Sphinx, siren or cockmay appear singly in the tondo of lip cups by Tleson or be placedone to each side. Two cocks or a siren and a sphinx may appearon one side. The same animals appear in different combinations.

Only the animals of the Boston pyxis' relate to the decorationof skyphoi by the Group of the Boston Lid. Two sirens frequentlyare placed on one wall of a skyphos; 011 the pyxis they appear onthe lid.

One can on1J conjecture for unattributed \'ases or those forwhich the group of associated vases is small' that the sameprinciple is in operation.The~ seems to be no realization yet that the pyxis requires a

spuial iconography of its own.A pyxis from a tomb in Myrrhinous. probably by Exckias.

raises questions. The scene depicts the preparation of a chariotand the name of Stesagoras is written in the field.' Slesagoras wasa member of the Kimonian branch of the Philaid family andImmerwahr10 conjectured that he was Slesagoras 11 whose fatherKimon won three Olympic victories with the same team ofhorses.1! The fame of the family stables is clearly celebrated on

this "ast.It is likel)' that the vase was commissioned by Stesagoras,

considering the individuality of the subject matter and the factthat his name appears on it. But pyxides are only connected withthe graves of women so the pyxis was probably given to a womanof his family.

Why would a pyxis bear male iconography if it was to be givento a woman? In this case it seems clear that the family pride wasbeing extended to a female member of the family,

Scenes relating to ~'omen first appear around 500-490 a.c.nThe iconography of pyxides deals over and over again with the

manifold aspects of weddings and mythological paradigms ofmarria~ are plentiful, A favorite tale is that of Peleus andThelis; the actual wrestling scene is rarely shown but often thescene of pursuit (Copenhagen 4735 and Munich lex von Schoen.64J).H And Nereids scatter in alarm anel bring the news to Thctis'father Ncreus (Cambridge 1933.1. Munich lex von Schoen. 641 PI.66,2)U who often stands by an ahar with a palm.

That such a scene is a mythological paradigm of marriage isshown by the meaningful juItaposition of Pe1eus wrestling withThetis on the Athens epinetron by the Eretria Painter .....ith !>l't:ncs

178 THE ATIlr PYlrU

of the brides Alcestis (seated befo~ the door of the thalamus) andHarmonia.a

Another mythological paradigm of marriage is the abduction ofOrdthyia by Uoreas (Athens 1586 [pI. 65,1): Chicago 92.1251. 11

This thcme could be s~'mbolic either of marriage or of death. 17 Thewind gods were intennediaries betvoeen the world abo\"C andHades. They were regarded as fenilizing or impregnating but werealso regarded as destructive. A close association between deathand weddings appears again and again in visual and literaryimagery.

There are two examples of the Boreas and Oreithyia theme onIlllllrllphoroi from the Sanctunry of the Nymph (Bride) inAthcns. 1I This sanctuary was not dedicated to the nymphs but tolhe Brirle anel ..he i....till called nymphc today un her ~elldillg

day ill Greece. A boundary stone of the sanctuary, graffiti onvases, both shape and iconographic characteristics of the vasesmake the identification of the sanctuary C'Cnain. The majority ofvases from the sanctuary were loutrophoroi. though other shapeswere included as pyxides. The subjects ~Iated primarily toweddin~. The vases dated from the middle of the seventh centul)'to the third century 8.C.1I

Burcas and Oreithyia also appear on bronze hydriai. some ofwhich ha~e been found in the graves of women. Indeed Picardbelieved all these hydriai 10 have been funerary in purpose,lO Inthis case the theme may represent hopes of immonality for thedeceased.

A tomb in Capua included a pair of stamnoi by the DeepdenePainter. one .... ith a representation of Al I:<K and Kephalos, HI)outh \\ith spear. and \\omen. the other Boreas and Oreithyia 011

one' side and Eos and Kephalos on the other.lI This is surely ameaningful juxtaposition of themes as the carrying off a youth byEos is a parallel to the other theme. Eos is considered to be ihefemale counterpart to Boreas, as each raped his betrothed.H0'4'e\'er, when a goddess takes a mortal by force. his carrying offis also his death. Eos is imagined in literature as very amorousand most of the stories about her consist of the carrying ofT of abeautiful )·outh. A later source. Heraklitos. interprets thi.. as a

ISO

euphemism for sudden and premature de:lIh. Heraklifos relatesthat onc called the de:uh (lf a beautiful youth a rape by Eos.nAnd to show the interpenetration of wedding and funeral spheres.Eos pursues Kephalos or Tithonos on a IOUITophoros from thesanctuary of the Nymph (Bride).n

More dirttt repre2ntations show the .....edding procession ofeither a mythical or manal pair. In the sixth century Peleus andThclis were often repre!lenled in a chariot surrounded by godsand led by Hcrmes. Few of the representations have inscriptionsbUI when gods are present it is assumed that the wedded pair areindeed Peleus and Theti5.J~ A black-figure amphora in NaplcsJS

juxtaposes the wedding procession on A with the wrestling matchbetWttn Peleu5 and Thetis on B. Peleus and Thetis ride in achariot. behind the horses proceed the gods. Apollo with hiskithara and J\rtemi~ with a young faun. 3nd the hcrakl Herllle<;le;Jd~ the procession.

A wedding proccssion on a pyxis by the Marlay Paintcr (PI.49,1)16 about 430 R,C. follows this tradition. The bridegroommounts his chariot besidc his veiled bride. behind follows a youthwith a torch. a girl with a basket on her head and finally awoman carefully carrying a lebes gamikos. A ,""oman looks outfrom a half opened door (of the bride's family's house) at thedeparting procession. A woman turned towards the wedded pair.lifting a torch. stands behind the chariot horses. Is she themother? One would expect her to carry two torches as on thelekythos by tht: Amasis painter in New York. l1 Leading theprocession is a youth holding a caduceus in lieu of Hennes. Thereare no inscriptions and it is clear Ihat a mortal wedding thoughsteeped in old tradition is represented.

The Amasis painter's wedded pair rode humbly home on a canseated behind a pair of mules. This rather countrified version of anuptial procession finds echoes even on a founh century pyxis(Athcm 1630, PI. 93).11 Bride and groom are seated in a de('or:ttedcart drawn by two horses. Eros. ubiquitous in later fifth and lilUrthcentury wedding imagef)'. flies toward them and behind a .",oman(probably the mother) lifts the marriage torches ...

From another tradition stem other wedding processions. this

18'

time on foot, in which the groom leads the bride Xi'IQG ml 1tl1Qfl<f.Pelcu~ leads Tht:lis un Louvre L SS (pI. 60)11 and Herakle-; Hcbe onPhIladelphia, Unh'ersit) Museum MS 5462 30 and on a p}xis in aprhate eollt:etion. u There are no inscriptions or auributes toi{tcl1tif~ the .",eddt:d pair on a red·figured pplS. type 1\. in theNauplia Museum. The groom grips the bride's "'rist in a gesture of

o fbdo"forcible possession which was first used In scenes 0 a UCllon.On a fragmentar)' cup from the Athenian acropolis by Euphronios.Peleus pulls Thetis after him towards a waiting char;ot.)J Inclassical art this grip is employed in scenes of bringing home thebride and by Hcrmes as psychopompos. The theme is prevalent onred-ligure loutrophoroi after the middle of the fifth centur)'.J.t Bythe lat.: fifth century the grip has beeome a comcntional gesture.

Elaborate .....eddlllg processions sometimes depict the door of thegroom'~ family's house .",hither the procession is headed. In earlyrcpre~cntations the whole house ;s depicted as on the Fran,ois vaseWI. %.2),35 Within the facade, the door is clearly delineated withmle panel open to show Thetis pulling aside her mantle in a gesture

underlining her married state.On the I\masis painter's lekythos (PI. 98,1)16 the house again

.",ith the door openl-d tboth panels depicted to the sid~) and

.",lIhin. the groClm'~ mother raises a torch (cf. the fourth centuryrel,d;t;un on a p}'xis in a prh'ate collcction).J7

The earliest wedding procession 011 a concave pyxis dates about a

cl'ntury 1,ller around 4()() R.C.. \\ here thc unnamcd pair who mustbe I'eleu~ and Thctis (PI. (0). a~ Apollo and Artemi~ are present,:1pprnaeh the groom's house. But now only :1 door (PI. 97.1). withbe,th panels closed. stands for their destination. lI

On the Marlay Painter's pyxis.)' exceptionally. the emphasis ison the departure from the house of the bride and a half·openeddoor shows a woman watching the depaning pair.

One of the loutrophoroi by Hermonax from the Sanctuary of theNymph depicted a wedding which included a door.·o

A door appears repeatedly on pyxides in scenes which featurewomen. The large number of examples·1 and the fact that the vasescome from different workshops strike onc as significant.

On a pyxis in Heidelberg<U (PI. 98.2. 99.1·2) a maiden i~ led

"a visage of nty hou!>e! How shall I enler you ... How greatb the change! Once of old. I entered my house wilh marrhlge·songs and lorches of Pelion. hulding a IOl'ed woman by thehand. folJowed by a merry erowd shouting good wishes.Today in pla~ of marriage·songs are lamcnlations .. :·.S

Always there is this dualily. Ihe wedding doorv.·a}' may tonlorrowbecome the ponal to Hades.

On London E 774," with the wedding preparations of Nereids.two lebetes gamikoi are placed by the door and on one, minialurenick figures in black silhouelle approximale the weddingprocession (groom leading the bride and a figure with weddingtorches). Actually, the groom leading the bride, lUQ~ bti llQ{)7f'i'. isa scene rare on the lebes gamikos bur appears on Athens 117201

combined with a scene featuring women on the back.On :t pyxis, Munich 2720 (PI. 99.3, 100.1-2) Ihe frieze h3s

become emblemalic." A door lakt.'s up a major pan of thecomposilion. A woman nees from it but turns gesturing. On theother side of lhe door a Nike, like those on the Icbes ~;lmikO\.

Surely, here lhe door means the wedding.

IBJ

It may well be that in scenes as ordinary as those on Berlin2261" one was supposed also to thlOk of the wedding. There is thedoor and to the right a woman holds a mirror, next t\\O .... omenstand one on each side of a kalalhos: next a seated and standing....UI1l:lIl {PI. 2&1. In the f\Cld among other objects. ahere are

sandah. and the~ probably arc significant. SCI

On a few occasions ike appears among the .... omen. On lebetes~;t1nikoi (PI. 101.1) t.... o symmetrically placed ikai hOl'er or nybeneath the handles. often sho.....n bringing gifts: a basket and alaenia. a kalatt'lm. ur ..n_-dding torches. SI Kc-nner has sho.... n Ihatthese are not personifications of female beauty or Eos but a ..... ingedgenius. probably called Nike ..... ith a long history and connections..... ith demonic winged beings: Sirens. Sphinxes. Keres. Erin~.

Gorgons, Harpys and Eos.u SirenS. Gorgons and such were oftenpl:lced by the handles to .....ard ofT evil on early vases of lhe seventhand sixth ccnturJ and the position of the Nikai on lebetcs gamikoiis deriH:d from this old usage. In other words the Nikai havechthonian origins and connections. At the time of the eddingth.:,c mini!>lering spirits bring ble~sings from the nether orld to

the ne" I)·- .....t:dded pair.In contracting marriage the pair prayed to ahe Tritopatores H or

"great-grandfathers" and addressed them as ;{v4Ao1 or dcom>'TataV(/-lvJv and asked for the blessing of children. They .....ere concei..'eda~ aeriform ancestor souls .....ho hal'e their seat in the ....·inds. Thereis a sanctuary of the Tritopatores ill Delos and another ill ahe

Ceramicus.S<OThel>c lemalc ..... inged 8enii are placed on ,'ases .....ith nuptial

il.:ollography such a' IclJCtes gamikoi. loutrophoroi. lekanai andppidt:!>. Hut the Nikai ha\e al!>o a connection "ith dealh. Afragmellt of the fourth century in Vienna Unh'ersityss 'ho.....s 1"0

r-:il.:ai l>lmilar to those on lebetes gamikoi hOl'ering placing ah"lctal ":lse. And il should be said in thil> connection thal inj-fe,;nd', TI,.·IIWmy Nike i~ said to be the daughter of Styx.~'

1 he nmnectioll of the Nikai Orl pyxide~ ..... ith those on Icbctesgamikoi is most dearly sho..... n on Munich 2720,51 Here the Nikehovers. a taenia in front of her, by the doorv.·ay. in an exact quoteof the position of those on lebetes gamikoi.

1 liE ATfI(" Pl'lllS182

lll\\ard the door hy a I}TC-playing J-n",-on the other "tek of it sheappears again Hluching the meaningful door '" hik ErO!i Ilie..IOwards her with it slllall chest. The tramition i~ that from maid tu

matron (ha\'ing passed through the door on her y.ctIdinJ! day).011 the Fransoi!o \'3"C the nlll!'>e<; are present. and il i'i thl') ",Ill'

sang at the wedding of Pdcus and Thctis. BUI 011 more abbre\'iatcddepictions of Ihis famous wedding it is Apollo who appears asmusician,·)

Later still around 460 D.e. a simple young man stands before theprolhyron 10 welcome the weddc.'d pair with music from his I)TCu

tor is he still Apollo?)And on Heidelberg 66.10 a lyre-playing Eras sums up all bridal

song al the door in his person.The symbolism of the house door is "cll 31tL'l>led in Attic

classical drama. Admetus addresses the door of his house 011 hi~

relurn from his wife's funeral.

Many lebetes gamikoi depict a file of .....omen bringing presenlS 10the bride in a ~'Clll' which ha~ been interpreted a~ Ep<lulia.sl In Ihe\\iugs n} the 1\\0 Nikai V.ilh their gins. On Athem Do7oa (Ill.

101.2). a pyxis of the Koinc Cia...... a similar lilt: of \\omen heartheir gifts: a kahuhos and a taenia. a bashl and a mirror. and abalancing slie:...; and it is Nikc ",i,h a \\teath \Ooho lead) Ihepn,)(,'c~sitln to the scated bride.

Oil the lid of the pp:is. Athens 1597 (PI. 103.2) girls are brougtllb) Nikc and Erns. exceptionally 10 a sealed )·outh. prubabl} thegwnll\. To the right of Eros sland 1.... 0 women. onc wilh a wreathand the other ..... ith a kalathos. n

A pyxis once Oil the London M:uke, (Pis. 102.I·J) tells liulcovenly. A seated woman (bride) looks back al the door. a womanmoves a.....ay from her .....hile looking back. then Nike mumed ..... ithinher himation stands by the door. The components of the pictureread like a formula. Door, Nike: and scated .....oman (bride) =wedding.

Sometimes Eros joins the .....omen in bringing gift..'i to a bride.5O

Or Erotes replace the women so that all that remains of such acomposition is an Eros. bearing a chest. nying after a .....oman whonees whilc looking hack and then a similar pair (PI. 51.1).

The interpenetration of .....edding and funeral spheres is quiteclear in the case of the loutrophor(b. Thc loutrophoros. originall) avase .....ith funeral iconography. becomes a vast ..... ith "'eddingthemes. The ehange from prothesis and valediction to wedding isclearl) scen III the listing of subjects for the loutrophorui ofHermonax.'1

It is known that the loutrophoros was used to fetch .....ater for thebridal bath and yet a stele with a relief of a loutrophoros or a Sloncmonumcnt of one .....as also placed 00 the grave of the un.... ed.'2

The stele of Phrasiklcia refers poignantly to the lot of a maidendestined al .....a)'s to be a kore.

~tjj..a 4lQaoudi"la.; I KOQ'llt£JthloOj.lal I alu 6VT}

y~ou I naQu 8cwu TO\1l0 I Aqouo'ov0J.lau bisSuch interpenetration of sphcn.'s is exemplified in the conca\'e

p)'xis by a consideration of Iphigcneia as a bride.··Jphigcneia. b)' the will of Artemis became Hecate" is .... hal

.84 THF ATTIC PYXIS 185

Ilt',ioct is reported to ha\c ~aid in the Cutu/fJ1!IIf' 0/ Wom,·If. 1il

luripidt,s III I,"II}!I'''''''' III lu"ru .... rute Ihal the c1Ulhe,," 01.... "1110:11 .... ho died IIIt'hildhirth .... erc dl'dit'att"tl al Ihe sanClUdn 01\rh~I1l" at lJraur"ll.

"Thou. Iphigeneia, by the holy stairsOf Bnuren must this Goddess' warden be.There shah thou die. and be entombed. and web3.Of all fair "esture shall the)' offer theewhich wi\'es who perish in their travail-tideLeave in their homes,"u

Brauronian inscriptions from the Acropolis record dedications 01'women's clothes and indicate their type. decoration and conditionbUI nothing is said of the reason for the dedication.1S The .....onlen·Sd"thc, arc 1I11I1\I't ;dl U.)L'd, nol nc", A fe..... childrcn'), and men'sc10Ihc, "t'rt· aht' ckdk.llcrl. In nthl'l "\ tth. FIITlpides' s!atcmcn\ ISneither pro\'ed nor disproved by the inscriptions.

One lhillk~ ollphigt:nci:l a,) a daughter born III Agamcmn\ln andKI)'taimestra .... ho was sacrificed for a ..... ind. The neel was ddayedat Aulis a.....aiting a fa\'orable .....ind for Troy. Euripides inIphig"'ll'ia ill Aulis recounts how KI)1aimestra and Iphigeneiaeam~ do....~n 10 Aulis in a chariot laden ..... ith wedding do.....er-Iphigcnia as she thought to be bride of the .... arrior Achilles.KI)"laimc3tra speaks.

"Good hope ha\'e I that I am come 10 leadThe bride to happy bridal. From the carTake ),e the dower that for the maid I bring.And bear to the pa\'ilion with good heed,""

A \\hile ground Ickythos by Douris in Palcrmu (1'1. 104.31" showsIphigeneia as a bride wearing ehiton. short himation embroideredwith stars and a veil. She is being led toward an altar by a warriorwith a drawn sword. but aClually force is only impliect as he holdsonly a portion of her himation. The warrior behind does nottouch her. Note the labels-Iphigeneia. Teukros (for the warrior)and Alpha Rho for Ara· altar.

A much mor~ curious representation may be set'n on a pyxis inthe British Museum (Pis. 62 and 103.1)." 11 there '>'ere noinscriptions it would be enlill«l women in the home or in Germantext. "Frauengcmach," But the inscriptions gi\'c us the names ofArgh'c heroines. Helen, scated at a wool basket, and KI)1aimcstra;a woman (unlabeled) and Kassandra: Iphigeneia. binding her headfor her bridal. stands in the doorway. while Danac brings her achest.

Now when an author ventures an opinion as to the destination ofa pyxis it is usually said to be a wedding gift. But. however one'Inderstands the SIOI'J of Iphlgencia. v. het her aetually ~acrili('Cd andkilled at Aulis or snatched away by Anemis to become her priestess

lir~l at TauTis and later 31 Brauron. it would \eem highl) unlikel)'in mid fifth-century Athens 10 proffer a p)'Iis with a represenlationof Iphigeneia 10 a young. neal·ankled bride,

'I he ppi" in Ihe Brilish Museum i" one ofa pair. the olher beingLondon E 772 (PI. 63)." The profiles 3re similar bUI nOI idenlical.as Ihere are "right rh)'lhmical diffcrcnce" in det~til. The handle ofthe ~el'ond Tlllly om:e have been it Icrflll:Olla loop,

The lids arc the same with circumscribed palmettt..'S placl.'d in aVitruvian wave pattern. Beazley remarked "The lid ilo by Ihe samehand as in London E 773. bUI Ihe figure·work seems nol." Uoth areb~ followers of Douris.

The representation on this pyxis is of the Hesperides (PI. 103.3)quite surely and withoul a question mark. though thought of in anunusual and delightful way. There is a Hesperid standing by afountain waiting for her h)'dria to fill. another follows and a thirdruns loward the tree. while Thetis is Ihe one galhering Ihe apples.Then: is the Iree and the Hesperides. given fanc)' names. arctending if. Thetis is not the name of a Hesperid bUI is a fa\'orite indepictions of mythological marriage. This is especially so in thedecoration of pyxides of this class (Class of Berlin 3J(8).

Onc might say that the representation of Ihe Hesperides pyxis isa paradigm of marriage as Apollodorus7o and Olhers tell us thatwhen Hera was wedded to Zeus. Ge gave a wedding present of thegolden apples of immonalilY. But probably onc should inlerprelthe iconography as a paradigm of immonality. Reading the twO

,"')h III~l·ther nllo; undCr'ltand" Ihal tI llI,1iden. d~lIlg ~nUII~ ",-'Inn."Ihe age of marriage \loas given a picture of Iphigeneia as a brideand also hopes of immortality in the depiclion of lhe tree of IheIk~pl'rHIo:"" III olh..... \\llrd". IIIl' 1"'0 \:l'~ \loefl' ;I IUller:l1 Jo!ilt 1\1 a\\'Iln~ \\llll!an .tIlll IIl'fl' prnhJhl} plal'cer'led them intact fllr our perusal.

A white ground lek}1hos in Athens (PI, 104.1)11 adds 10 ourunder'itandingofthe nUlller, There is a young girl ",ith long tressesstanding by a lamb. her tomb. holding her pet hare_ On the other,irk llllhl' 1I1mh.•1 1111lurnill)! \louman Ilings up OIlC ;trm in despaIr.Bel\locen them is a tomb with a loutrophoros-h}"dria on top. ThisJoung woman also did not Ih'c until her wedding day: the \'ase atopth.... lomh symbolizes Ihal vase that should ha\'e contained waler forher bridal bath. Yuu might call the loulrophoros·h)'dria a gift ofl'\IIIl\k:I1'I'lIiml. II rcprC"'Cllb \loh,ll h:.ppim....s she lohoulrl h:J\l" h:Jd I1",hl' had !JH'(llollj.! l·llllll~h. i\ .. lillUC at :. l>mallcr girl .... illt her PCIhare 011 her ann comes from Br:luron (Ill. 104.2): perhaps she isone 01 the "bears" of Arlemis and the young girl on the lekythosmight be her elder sister. The little girls who wore saffron chitonsand l>t:rvcd Artends ,11 Brauron. passing the stage of puberty. weresoon 10 become the )'oung women who married in Athens,

Do not think that I mean to suggest thal all pyxides were funeralofferings-not so. the subject is vel')' complicaled. n In thisparucul:lr case the pair of p)'xides in the British Museum LondonE 773 and E 772 made b)' Ihe same potter. dttoraled in the same.... orhhup - their dotination is dearly funereal.

In the Cutufogut" o} WOttlell, when it slales "Iphigeneia by the",ill III J\rlellli", Ill'l'amc lIe~..ate". UIIC lolllluld probahl) underst:lIIdAnemis for all three pans of the equation.n

"'" TIlt, ATTIC P, XIS SALLY RlITffERFLaD RO.Ean 187

I. ABV. 636. MJ-644; PiUflllpom.·,.~. 311.2. ABV. 54tl·54"-; 500: 558·~.J. "'BV. 558-559.;4. A8V, 5...'"'6: 561.S. ASV; 650. 6.J.b4.~ number or Ih\' Edinburgh '"liS!! ha~ Mn dun~.b. AllV. 181. 49.• ABY. 6Ib.11; Pprq1lpo", ..".,. J06; IJMf'"A 01 (1%3) M-5.11. Ne.. York pyXIS related 10 lhe Ne..' York ilmphori~kOi and 10 lhl: I'ainln ofMUnich 1842. AHV 455. J.9. ARV, 169':1; BCH 86(1%2) 66Q. fill. 17; P"ru/,pom..nu. 61.10 Talk pt•.....,ntnllo APA, Chm10l3) 1"l~2 \>\ IkllO' H. Irnm"""3h" tni",,...il) orN"rlh ll1rolina.11. H~ ..~t"IU' h.ICJ.l.12. Athens "cr. 560: ARV. 47'1. ,l,\l> ,,,"1 4~1l: l.a"lI J7.llJO'l; CVA Ft;J'wC 211. L.. ,'nI.p1.I!.',],13. ARV. 025. 95: CVA. IJcnmark 4. Co~nhaBcn 4. pI. 162.4; ARV. tI06. 'IJ:Lulhn. £h,<, $ummf'mg ,,;«/ruc"rr 1<1""""''''$1, pI. 26.14. ARV. 4SI. 32; 1'''"'''1''''''''''''' 521: CVIl. <.ireal Hntam Il.larnht"l~t 2. pI.21). I; HIS Ij() 0970II(B.IS. ARV. 125O. .}4; Ariu and Hlrmtr. pI. lOJ; SBIIt'id"''''''1l -4~ (I1)b1l pl 2(Sch.~ual; Wekl"r. P041" lu(d PUlro" ", Cllusicul Allrt"s. 10-.lb. ANV. -9tl. 140·14/.1- Wd!<it.".. 1'01'" u"d plllf'Orl tn OllsJ,cuf Allrc",). IO~. 255: It "rnner."F1ull"lfrau unt! FJug.ddinwn,'· lOAf JI U9JlJl !l7.IS ARV. b89. 260 and !'<lb. 2619. John Tthka. Pic,nrilll Oi..,ff>ftIlTl nJ A""""I A,Ir,,,s (I..ond"n 19-1) .1n120. M_P,ot r t1940IS9 (Picardl; Wdaler. Potl.., .."d 1'..,"", "' C.1.l~,c..1A,Ir ..." ...~; AlA SO (1946) J60·J67 and not" 2J (RH;·llI",). TetTan.JIla h)"dn..) fn:lluenll,• .".., uKC! as funenl !,(,(,("pladC1 In tbc lIadra cclllt'leT) near Altundna. MISSRlchl'" bdl<'\ed th;lt I.... bronm h)'dnlll ."'"' m;ld", for ael".. t u""' Ihough _110: ;I~Ihal )Ome had ~""ed a$ funlM"al urns. "Slne" mO!>l of Ih" _ub~-I$ of Ilwlr ",hef$n'lale IU 10>'"" lhe) ...·"'re pe.ha", g"",n a) .edding pl'C'KntJi 10 )oung hrldn .

liCK lhe qUl'SIMln arises if a ~uh;.:c-t .e1al.... 10 100'''' and ....~ddmg'l I'- lhe .a'ofllC'e"uanl, a .'edding llift~ LtbC'IC1 Ramikoi appear in rcprcscntation$ of .. cddingprepata\lons (London E'iN; FR. pi. 57. JI and )'tlthey ha.·t bottn found mOSlly inlombs and In the sancluary of Artcmi$ ilrauronia on the Acropulls and al Htauron.21. ARV. 498. 1. 5: AlA 49 U945) 157 (lkazlcyl; Philippaki. .,.1It A/IIe Swm"OJtOdutd 1%7183; Web_In. 1'0//'" "'Id PUlm". 2'lfl.22. RE ).~. Eos and cspceiall)' p. 1268; IOAI J I (19J9) 89; Hcrakldtos e. b8; OXlurd("1111.1;(:..1Oiclim,o,)' s.'·. F..o-..23. ARV. 957.45; Webster. Pmu" ulld PUI",n. 107.

H. E. GOlt... F,uu<"lg,'muc1lb,ld.., III de" VUjn,mul..n'; d,'. /1l"I"'" luJrrhundl'tukhu. Mumeh 1~5/) JJ.

25. CVA. haly 20. Naples I. He pI. 3. J·4.26. ANV. 1277. 2J; IHS 41 (1911) 144.

,. P"ruf'l,om,"'" bb; An,A J t1%01 pi. ".18. S.;hef~-.td. l'NIf'n",'Ir"Ng.." 59; G, floiocok. L" 1',.",.. ,.' do VlISt'J (j,.-o IPausIq~1 pi "I; iN Ill. 1"4 AI,Hlm12 U9(n pi \. I~ 04R\' 914. JJ; I'fuhl fig SKI,JO. TIr, \lu........ IrMlrrt<J1 • 11916) r2. r'g 105.11 c",.,j", L"d"'ig C"nll,. t~tullga" ,QJ"7) pi 52,J2. (j(-rhard Neumann. Cn'"" ""d C ..bilnJrr< I" dt" Cnnlrl:U"II,,, K"",I IBerltn1~)5Qft.

11 04R\' I·. IS; unglolL V"·,,,,,,l"N V..."" I'On d..,Alropol,~: .. A,Ir..", 11. pI .11 A tJ ....cd~hnll ot """'us and Itltll'-l4 IJ(H:-4 11910) 440-441. pt XXI\' (Ha_pt!!')J5 AlIV. ~I). I. FN. )'lis, 1-2, The Gods yi_il1ng the rn:'~")·"<"ddc:d Pd,:us and

Itltl"\1.1. PU,,,It,>o""''''', lob; Alii'" J 1I9foO) pi. 7.r C",."II" J ".b.-./.I CUrl"". plo 52.38. ARV. 924. JJ; rfuhl. filt. SIlO.J'l, 41/\'. 1277.2.\; 11f~ 41 \1':121)144.40. A RV 4118. 85.41. l"enlO Inur ualllp!c): O~f,)tll llJl,l. 4M (PI. Jb.J. ARV. 917.2(2); Alhens1~')ltPI Jo.2; ARVQ5S.Il; Alh",ns lb61 tAl/V. Illl. I); Lundon Markel (1)1 4J.II;Yal .. 153 tARV. 944.ltl; Ibur. 10J and plo 12); MissisSIppi P 108 tCVA. U.S.A. 7,Ihe R"hmson Collcction J. 2O,nd pI. XII; Ml.Inkh 2720 tARV. 122J. 4; CVA.I",rnlany b. MunICh 2. pI. %.6-81; Ath",n). r,om BnutOn. I'IO'A 10li1 tARV. 12l1. 11;1.c.Jen "VH 157 (PI. 58J; ARV 1123); Athen$ Acr. 569 (Pl. 51U. ANV. 690. 171);AllICns 1'"'88 (PI 77.2. ARV Ion. 144); C"amhridgt> 168 tARV. 122J. 5); Heldclhcrg'i'LlI \ARV 'M4.84. HlImpe. N,...........,bot..k<''' 1957·1911.1. pi b2); ik'rlln :llblIAR\ 9Clt>. lib: CVA vnman)' 22. Ikrl ... J. pi. IJb. I. J4); I.,ou.,.. LP 2b1l2lItRV. lJ711. 911. London F 713 tANV. 805. S9; FR pi. 5·. I); Lond()fl F 7"'4VlN\' 1250..!2: FR. pt 57. J); Hcllldberg bt>.lO (Hampc. N..........·'rb.."k.."1""'-·1"". pis. ~II; Alhen_. Apa P 2283 tANV. 122.1.5; 11",,,,,"" 4. 4~6. 2.a..1 -00. 21; Bu.:t1(1..n rl eaampk from the TI\e<.pian PO....n<lriOfl. Altlt .... tARV.9'\!<. .\1; ijo,.doi.n JOJ tARV 122.11; Alhens 14'lO9 (J'I. 66.1; RA Jb 11':l50I-W,·5 aodBerhn Jr\ \.'\....hef"ld. U""·,.,,,chn,,-n. 59. pl_. 16·17.2),42 l-lamlX" /Io',·"......·..,1I.."It.." 1957·1970. pis. bO-bI and no. M. pp. 54-55.4J, CVA. Ital)' 20. ~aples I. He pI. J.44 ARV. BJI. 10; CVA. Germany 22. 8t'rlin J. plo 101.45, Eutipldes Afr..'m I",.., 910.915; TII,' C..."p/..,e Gn'''' IJrumll. ed. h) w. J.Oale\ and E. O·Nodl1. Jr.: E. 11. Haillht. The S}'mbuflSm of ,Ir.. lIu..!H' Door i"CI"••,{ul 1'00'11)' INe..· Yurk 1950) 32.4b. AR V. 1250. J2; FR pi. 57..1: C. 11. Smith. CUlulngu,' IJ} Ill,' G""l "lid E,ntJeUtl

Vu..., ill 111.> 8"',i,1I Mu.....m. Ill. F. 774.4i. ARV. 5ll5. 3J; Cc. pI. 4J.4K, ANV. llB, 4; CVA. Gttmany b. Munich 2. pi. %. b·6.49. A,ltV. 9Ob. 116; CVA. Germany 22.lkrlin J. pI. IJ6. l. J·4.SO. A,hAli" J2 l190i) ·H. f""tnOle I. Sandab a", menliom:d as an Epaulia pre....ntIII lustalh"". W,"lldil1g ,h".:, an: pul on the bride (London E 774. ARV 12~..n;

FR. pl. 57_1/; on lIdcn (Chllh-"ah11. 11. pI. IX. 1·2; XI). A maid put- _hon onH1ppodamcia on thl' ea.'it pet!lnlenl or the lempil' of Zeus at Olymp.. (Manc·louisc

188 Till! ATTIC PYXI~

NOTFS CHAPTER VII

SALLY RUTlfERFUIlD ROBERTS 189

SanlJnd. 1'1,0: t.fUl p.vrmr,,, QI ,11., f"mpl, "I Znu ul Olj-m/H" !G;;;'cbofJ 19701105-10', IIp. 09--0 and rcfefYoc"): the" bride lin her _n undal on a Ic:bngam'kOlo \AN V. Ul2. 11: AI~'m J21190~1 pi ":). 800b had fu ....r;aI ronl1«llOI1S inthe Geom"'nc pc'riod. Tau t"nK'O'llil pal. "en found in a gU.H: VlrJ,..._ 18 119491282.2%-29-, ph. 6-. ·0). OIM: paIr .. ",re found In IM glue of a "oman al Eku~t..

and "()tIll.cn put fCOlard ,"" lhcon that the OOob "o:re an offcTlng tor the U$(" of the~I'''ll ..1 the dead on Itw " ..... rn..·' h' italiC' U ......ben. fJu· 1),1"11.",/(",,,,,,. ,,,,J J,,'I)lpyl"".(Uf'J'l. JO.JIl. The 5'<'10: of Amrinoklra rep~nn dealh In turns of a..OOding. Sanda'" are placotd on lhe bndc of Hadn (Con•.". AI/Ut'''" G,."b,.,.t"1J. pi.' •• , Siflund. fig. ;4 and p. 10il.S!. 14111/1.1,1/ 32 090') pis. 5. 7-8.52.10141.11 (1939) KI-95 (Kcnnctl.5.). RC s.v. Wind~lIer. 514.54. l>aremtH,rg·SaIlIiQ S.", Trhopaltels; John Tu_lo!>. Pr,,,,riul Vlmu"u,,· of'4Ilrinll )1I11I'1ls. 29':1. 302.55. CVA. G~rmany 5. Vienna J. pI. 2b: JOAI Jl (939) fig. on p. t!1.~. H"'''KI 1h''''K<J1n' 1111" .'llI.1H57. ANV. 1223.4: CVA, Germany b. Munk'h 2. pI. %. b·t!.StI. A/IIMm 32 t19<l7) cHfl. pl\. 5. 8 (8ru«kn~r); $c:hdold. Urllc-nurllutlgt'tl, 146:rtuhl. 11. S77; CVA VS.A !-. Um'"n.n, ot t'aht"rma l. rl. ~I.l alld 11 54.1;Ih~lwrjj lIS tl'l4'h 311·JI!. no. 711'oroclll,.$9. NI~O:. Effltes and "omen appur on ltl~ pyxi~. Nt" "lIrk 1".1021 120 IlrdJ andNike, .'omtn and En"" on Nl:\O York Ob 1021.12J The Nlke on lleidl'l~lj: SIl.21 i\""atrd hy I door looking ba('~ al :I 1ol:Ited bride. Hamp.: call, Ihr~ .. inRfd figun: In,tllampc. H"IH'"..",h"Il'"'' 105i·1970. plo 62. nu. 851, rile door IS III abhr""ali(,n fOe'In..- hou", as mal be' seen by eompanng tn..- eumple on the FnneOls \a\O: U'I. 'lb.2)and AmlS'~ p.a1nt(T·~ kk)thal (PI. 96.11.60. CVA <.oermany 22. Ikrlln J. pt IJ9. 5--bl. ANV. 488. 80-100: JOAJ JIIl'lj'll q.& IKellnerl.62. H. J Rose. "1M Bnde "I HMin" ClluJH'ul PJll/oIorl' 20 tl9251 2.)8·2-12: C"n,~.

Ih,' UfIUCll.." G",b"lu'/J. ph, 5b. 92. 100. IJI. lib. 232. 367.j15. AlA tl5 tl'lf>l) plo.l klulrophoros·hydna 01'; .. .,.. of 10mb: Hel)!a Gcneke. u"/'HJJur-s/dl""R"" u"f

Rn, c·llis"',,,,, VIlSl'n Ilkrlin 19701 S9f1'. An unmatnC'd man ....~ rerhap" ron.:e"ed of:I~ bridellroom of P~rsc:phone. a maiden a~ htlde of Hadn.62. b". BSA 5~ t19b2J 1J1l. no. 46 Oeffe'1J: A/It ...u Annals o} Arrll"rtJI"I(' 5 (lIP])298·314.6.1. He~iod CU/Q!ogu" oj Wornl'tl 7l.64. Euripides /plti'~1l~itl i" TllurU L 1464l'f. I..oeb aL'l$kal libraI)'.b5. Tullia L",d~t<j. "Studies in lh~ Tn:..~utt' R~oonh of Arleml~ Braurunra F()llndin A1hens" Aau "ut;!,,/; A!Jf"'UO'nsu 19119721 q·2J.66. Euripldes JpJlIgMeitl in Aulis L. 609ff. Loeb Classical libraI)'.b7. ANV. 446. 266: Mmu4m 32 (1927) J,JI and pi. 94.68. /oN. pI. 57.1: ARY. llO5.119: Bl'lI7.le)' rcl3led th" represc:nlalion to lhc l'ur~t: ofAphrudnc on lhe daughters 01 Tyndar~us (Hl:'Siod CUfulogut' of Wurnr'" bil "hiehmade tn..-m ",,,I,,,, and lhri"", ,,'ed and deserters of their husbands." Thu~ HUllernMed that the name of Timandra .hould h..,~ been indudrd instead of Kassandra.69. ANY. !IO&.lJO; FR. pI. 5i. 2.70. Apollodorus 2.5.11.

190 'I HE ATIll PVXIS SALLY RUTH£REUIlD ROJl;£RTS '91

In,.3

SElFCTED UIBlIOGRAPH'

Bibliography rde-mog 10 special probleml, Of to indindual vases. lS givenin t~ catalogue rrnm and DotC5 chapter by chapter.

PIUMARY SOURCES

Aristotle pcJilinArislophancs Birds

£CCh:JiQZNJQ~ (Loch aassical Library). vol. J.Lui.ururu

Euripldes Akest;sIphiRent!ia in Aulis(phigt',wiu in Taun"ra

Hesiod Tht! J/omeric Hymns and HomrricQP1alo SymposiumXenophon Of'C'OIwmicus

ATTRIUUTIONS

BEAZLEY. JOIIN DAVIDSON. Attic Bluck-jigun Vuse-pai"'f.'n;,Oxford, 1956.

Auk Rtd-figurt' Vus('"ptli"un. OKfOfd, 1942.A/tic Rffi-jigllrt. VllSI'-paintuJ. 2nd W. Odord. 1%3.

--, "Groups of Early Attic Black-figure:' He-speriu 13 (1944) 38-57.--. Purolipomf'1llJ. Orford. 1971.

SIIAPES Of ATHENIAN VASES

BFAZLEY. J.O. PfJ/fl'f' ,,/Id P"inlt" in Anrif"nf A,ht'n.L london. 1Q46.

BOTHMEtI, DIETlurH YON. "Lids by Andokides." 8rrli'lf'r MII$('.'n 14(1 %4) 38·4 l.

BI OFSCH. HANSIORG. FOrflwll ottiJrhl'r Srllo/nl. Berne, 1940.HASPEI s, C. H. E~ULlE. Af/ir Bfork·)i/llln.'d L.'JeylhOl: Paris, 1936.PtUlIl'PAKI. BAMtiARA.. Thl' AI/ir S,anlllol. Oxford. 1%7,SPARKU. BRIAs A. ASO TAIf·on. LucY. BlurJe and Plain Por,.'')' vi rhl'

Sixth, Fifth and FVlmh C~nlllries B.C, Athrnian Agoi'll XJI.Princeton. 1970,

19'

WllI .. ILR. T. R. L. p"".'rllllll PUlrnll i'l CI"l~ic(/1A/I",".~. London, 1972,

GHALI-KAliIL. LILI_Y. "Quelqu~ vases du sanetuai~ d'Anl'mls aBrauron:' Amii.. KUl1sr. Supplement I (l%J) 5-19

I'''OFM!>. I LlllA "Slu..he~ in Ihe Treasurc Rl~'unh 01 Atlcmi~ BrauroniaI-ound in Alhcn..:· ,""tu ".)rttulI Ath.Il1f,u/I 1'1llq"ZI q·11

Pat run age

nIl K"LM. L. /J,..Al/luh., fnt".f-AR"FI •. I.. R, Th, eulll'" Ih" G,.".·k SIUI"~, Vol. 2I<;M4 .... I. Hrkul". 1Il:K1d~rl:. 19tJO.\AI' IInOA". G, Ch'J41 ",,,1 Amh"lf""". l,tld~n. 19!'-1.

,'HMII'I MM \. S. L" ,\ •• "'1101, d/\I"lIu III \,,,11. T,.,..bbu \0J... I and 1.2.Rom~. 1lJtl). 1%:',

KEssrll. 11. "f-1ugcltrau uml t:liig,dd30l01l" lOA I 31 (19~181·%.

P~MII""Y, E. T(J",b~""'p/llrt', Ne'" '1urk.n,d.Ho.. l. 11. J.•. I"he Bride 01 Hadl:'," Cf<l!uin~1Philo/o/lY 20 (19151 B8·42.

Ilu III 11. MARGARFTI. "I::r~ and DioflplI.. on Kerch Va..cs." f1"l/,,'riu.Supplcrncnt 8 (1949) .11·,\8.

RICIITER. G. M. A. Korai, London. 1%8,~~llllND. M ... ItII·LoIJl~E. Th,' I:·a.u 1'1'I1i",,,,u '" 1111' "I,'mp/,' 01 Z"lIS ut

O(rmJ'ill i~tudie.. in Mcdilerranean Arehac/lI,,~;) 27). GOlcborg. 1970.

CULT

AI.EXIOU. MARGAItET. Tht Ritual Laml'l1t in Gffd; Trudiriol1. Cam·brioge. 1974.

BOAROMAI'.1.. AriD KURTZ. D.e. Grt'f'k BunulCu$toms. Ithaea. N,Y..Iq7!.

Cluru Rhvdw. Vols. 1. 4.

BOUl TER. CECRU', "Pollery of the Mid-Fifth Ctnluf')' from a Wc-II in IheAthenian Agora:' Jll'.<pm·u 22 (1953) 59·1 15.

COR8£TT, Pf"n::R E. "AuK- Poller) of Iht Later Fifth ("rnlur)..... II"JI'<-ri"18 (1949) NA-.1SI.

TAlcOTt. luCY. "AuK: Black-Glazed Slamped Wart and Other Potteryfmm a Fifth CtnlUry WtJI." 1I'~/I1'riu 4 (19.15) 477.!'-2J.

T.,ucorr, Lucy. A.ND OTHEIl.S. Small Objecufrom th, PI1J'x: 11. IIl'spt'riQSuppl"''''"1 X. Prinl'eton, 1956.

VANOERPOOL. E. "The Rcctangular Rock·cut Shaft:' 11"3,,"'''1,1 15 tl94bJ265·JJ6.

YOLNG. ROUNFY S. Lurt' Gf'01m>lric Grul"'S ami u S,'I'I'I/(II Cl'tltun' W.'1f11/ ,h.> Agora. 11"3/11'''14: SlIpplf'lIIl'1U /I. Athens. IQ]9. .

--, "An Industrial Di~triCI of Ancient Athens:' III'slwriu 20 (1951)1.15-28S,

SITES

HlrllTER. G'~FI" M. A.. AND Mu NE. MAkJORIE M. Shtll"'S and N""wJ,0/ A,Ir",,;,,,, Vast's. Ne .. York. JlUS. .

SPARKES. BM tAl" A •. AND "I Al rOTT. Lut'Y. Blurk "nd Plui" Pot/.,I')· of ,h.,5;:011. fifth. "lid Fuu"''' C..I/lIIri,'J B.C. Athl'fliu" Agoro XII.Pr;ncl:lOn. 1970.

Mu NE. MARJORII: J. "Kllichnb:' AlA 43 (1939) 241-54.St HI 181 ER. (NCEBORC. "EJ(a!ciplra:' Jahrbur:h un DeuHr:hl'tI ArchuQ

(ugiu'"'''' hmif"'J. 7911964J 72·108.WU:-KERT. "hfJollWTQ4," Pouly- Wwo..·u. Rru/·Efll'yC'lQpQdi.. dt'r /duJJisehrn

AItI'NUmJIO'J.j(·nJf'lruft. Vu\. XIII. Cols. Il·JJ.

NAMES OF VASES

194

Athens: (;I'ramlcu$

Brauron

To Ergol1 (1960·61) 21·30.

MirU'ihmgen dl'J Deutschen Arcllilulogiscnen Instiluu: AlhenisclleAbleifung, Passim,

DAux, GEORGES. "Chronique des Fuuilb 1%1:' Hell 86 (1%2j b44·45.--. "Chroniquc des Fouilles 1962:' BCH 87 (I96J) 704·15.

Various pr_Ides have come 10 my notice SIDl"e the book ."as ('omplctcd. SuchinfOM1\"ion as is aVlil.ble is appended hCR.

I. Athens I59J. rlJ. 16c.Lid domed. WaD conean orlth inKr fta.tll"= to rettift lid. Rin, rooc.lAurel (half) on bod,. Lid: woman with hll,h05 and wom.n ...hh boJl. Eroli and"·om.n.RM·figure pyla. 'ype C. Iller lifth ('('nlury B.e.Hut)' slyle not rat from lilt Lid Painter and M.rl.y Painter. Profile similar 10Athens 1597.

2. Bo$ton J8 1971 on anoQ}"Il\OOs ptnoancnt dCl'O'il.H.... ith lid 0.11. H...ithoul lid 0.1 IS, D. of lid O.IU.Red-figure pylis type A. women wod:lng ...ith wool. u. -450 8.C.

J. Dallas, Muscum of Fine Arts.H. 0.239. D. at rim 0.138. D. or lid 0.158.Lld: tongue5, blatk band. ~nkal dmlmscnbed palmct1e" black band, t'U andd...Rcd-flgll~ py.lis. Iype A, b)' or near the Abmietll Painter, HerWrt Hof'fmann.T". C..lltllri..S fllllr SltupI'd'M Wu,. 110. 191; ror ring knob d. Vitnna 3119(CVA Auslria I. Vienna I. pi. 48.7); rCM" profile d. Penthesiln WCM"uhop 11, u.440-430 a.c.

4. Ikn~C1" An. 97.H... ith lid 0.05. D. 0.11, D. of lid 0.145. H. or rOOl 0.003.W~ath on bod" cu pallenl on klwct keel. Lid: &os and seated wontan,.omen.Red·figu~ py:a:is. type C, latc fifth - carl, rounh R.C.

S. Etnria Mu:!C'um.5latlt·glaze py..is or type A.

6. Houston. D. and J. de MCI'll CoUe<:lion.H. 0.063. m.... D. 0.054.Knob modern, slightly domed lid .·ith I_'er rim, cyliodrical wall with widelyprojecting Jo-'fT kcel, tripanite rOOl.Miniatu~ red·figu~ PYl"is type A. u. 420-410 B.C. H.Hoffmann. Tr" C..Ilturiurhul ShuMd rh.. Wf-SI. no. 192.

7. luanbul. Archarologinl Mu:!C'um.Cona"'e C'Une strengthened al base:, tripanite rOOl:, kothon type knob. Profllc1oOIll"'bal similar to Athens 11191.Lid: tongue and dot (debucd) blatk band. ~rrtinl circumscribed pa!mcttC'$.Line and dot .bm"tC and br;1ow friae (th.t a~ is on the flilnJC of the lid).Red·figure pyxis type A. thaln or m.idens approathing an .llar with. rolumnbehind il. n. 440-430 B.C.

'96

C.J~nda,.

SI'H-' AIR. T. A. H"SI,)!I W"r,h und nun. I.ondon. Iq];?Mt III IT. B. D. Th,- Alfw"iu/I Y,'ur. Bcrk~k}. 1%1.MIKAI ~ON. Jos U. Ih,- Sucn'jl u",1 e"if Cul",,,I,,r"f th,- A,J"'mu/I r""r.

I'rin~clon. I97,S.

~AllY RL'THFaFURD Ron:RTS

Addenda

'97

,..

e.

c.

Fig.la.

d.

b.

''10

8. Mapl~ood. JOKph V. Nobllr.Ro:d-figure ppis. l)llt C.

9. Marathon MUKum. Marathon..Fragments of lids of mi·figumi pysMks of type C.

10. Thebes MUKum from Kanapitsa.AIit'D lid.Boeotian red-fiiufe py.is, type A. profile of Penthc:~i1ta Workshop 11, ,.'nlding.end of fifth century a.c.

11. Tlleualonih, Archaeological Museum.81ack-figun:. concave pyxis of Swan Group.Line of XXXI, s.... aRS upright.

12. WUnburg H 53JJ.Lid and foot mioisinl. H. 0.10. D. a' lip 0.085C,ltndrical ..all ..ith pro;eetinlloortt ked. Ea and dOl: on 1<",1.FIX" shape cf. TClI'OIIto 919-SJ2. PI. 84.1AnK- red-figure pp.b. type A. Aphrodite ,,>Cl Adonis, ca. J8(l a.C.Erita Simon. "Aphrodiu: and Ac;1onis Ent' NC\I~nc Pyllis in Wunbur,",AltlK 15 (1971) 20-26. PI. 6.

the attic pyxis - by sally roberts [1978].pdf

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