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The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?

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Page 1: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

What is inside atoms?

Page 2: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure

Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons.

Page 3: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

Rutherford (1920) discovered positively charged particels called Protons.

Page 4: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

Chadwick (1932) discovered particles with no electric charge called neutrons.

Page 5: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

All atoms contain: electrons.

Page 6: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

All atoms contain: protons.

Page 7: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

All atoms contain: and neutrons.

Page 8: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The Atomic Structure.

except the ordinary hydrogen atom which contains no neutrons.

Page 9: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The atomic structure

Particle name Mass (kg) Relative masses

electron 9.109x10-31 0.000549

proton 1.672x 10-27 1.007275

neutron 1.674x10-27 1.008665

Page 10: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

An atom consists of electrons moving around a nucleus in the centre of the atom.

Page 11: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

The nucleus of ordinary hydrogen is a proton.

Page 12: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

The nuclei of other atoms consist of protons and neutrons

Page 13: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

The number of protons Z varies from 1 to 92

Page 14: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Many elements with more than 93 protons have been made artificially and they are all radioactive

Page 15: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Neutron number N = number of neutrons in

the nucleus of an atom.

Page 16: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Nucleon number = total number of protons

or mass number +neutrons in a nucleus

Page 17: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Mass number A= Proton number Z +

neutron number N

Page 18: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Protons have positive charge.

Page 19: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Neutrons have no charge.

Page 20: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

The nucleus

Electrons have negative charge.

Page 21: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Elecctrons in an atom

Elecctrons move in orbits, orbitals or energy levels around the nucleus

Page 22: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Elecctrons in an atom

In a neutral atom Number of protons = number of electrons

Page 23: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Elecctrons in an atom

The arrangement of electrons in orbitals of an atom is called electronic configuration.

Page 24: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Elecctrons in an atom

The chemical properties of an atom of an element depends on the electronic configuration of on atom.

Page 25: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Elecctrons in an atom

The first shell is the duplet shell and can accomodate up to a maximum of 2 electrons.

Page 26: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Elecctrons in an atom

The second shell is called octet can accomodate up to maximum of 8 electrons.

Page 27: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 28: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 29: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 30: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 31: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 32: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 33: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 34: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 35: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 36: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 37: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 38: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 39: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 40: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 41: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration.

Hydrogen   H 1  

Page 42: The Atomic Structure. What is inside atoms?. The Atomic Structure Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons

Electronic configuration

Hydrogen   H 1  


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