the atmosphere chapter 17.1. lesson objectives identify the major components of earth’s atmosphere...
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The Atmosphere
Chapter 17.1
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Lesson ObjectivesIdentify the major components of Earth’s
atmosphere
Explain how air pressure changes with altitude
Explain how temperature changes with altitude
Describe the layers of the atmosphere
Explain how the processes of radiation, conduction and convection distribute energy in the atmosphere
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What is Air?A mixture of gases and particles each with their own properties
Nitrogen and Oxygen make up 99% of the volume of air
Argon gas 0.93%
CO2 0.039%
Also contains: H2O vapor, ice,
dust particles, hydrogen, salt and ozone
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Structure of the Atmosphere
The Atmosphere is made up of 5 different layers.
Each layer is different in composition and temperature
It is thickest near the surface of Earth and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space.
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Layers of the Atmosphere-Troposphere
Closest to Earth surface
Contains most of the mass of the atmosphere
Weather takes place
Pollution collects
There is a decrease in temperature as you travel up the Troposphere Lapse Rate
The upper-limit of the Troposphere is called the Tropopause
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Layers of the Atmosphere-Stratosphere
Located above the Tropopause
Made up primarily of concentrated ozone
Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun
So…what do you think happens here in terms of temperature?
The top of the Stratosphere is called the Stratopause
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Layers of the Atmosphere-Mesosphere
Located above the Stratopause
No ozone …so what happens to the temperature?
Top of the Mesosphere is called the ……
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Layers of the Atmosphere-Thermosphere
Contains only a minute portion of the atmosphere’s mass
Air that does exist in this layer increases in temperature to more than 1000°C
Ionosphere is with thermosphereNitrogen and oxygen atoms absorb harmful solar
energy…X-rays and gamma raysCauses the high temperaturesGas particles lose electrons and become ionsAuroras- Northern and Southern Lights occur
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Layers of the Atmosphere-Exosphere
Outermost layer of the atmosphere
Lighter elements are found in this layer
Above the Exosphere is outer space
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Solar FundamentalsThe sun is the source of all of the energy in the
atmosphere
This energy is transferred to the Earth and throughout the atmosphere by convection, conduction and radiation
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Heat TransferConvection
The transfer of energy by the flow of a heated substance
Responsible for the vertical motions of air, which causes different types of weather
Works based on density
ConductionTransfer of energy that occurs when molecules
collideAffects only a very thin atmospheric layer near
Earth’s surface
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Heat TransferRadiation
Transfer of energy through space by visible light, UV radiation and other forms of electromagnetic waves
Earth’s surface absorbs the solar radiation and then radiates energy with longer wavelengths, which warm the atmosphere through convection and conduction
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