the ancient world
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The Ancient World. Chronology of Egyptian History Dynasties 0-II - 3600-2650 BCE Prehistoric and Early Dynastic: consolidation of the territory from the Nile delta to Aswan, with the capital at Memphis; brick tombs in Abydos and Saqqara Dynasties III-VI - 2650-2150 BCE - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Ancient World
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Chronology of
Egyptian History
Dynasties 0-II - 3600-2650 BCE Prehistoric and Early Dynastic: consolidation of the territory from the Nile delta to Aswan,
with the capital at Memphis; brick tombs in Abydos and Saqqara
Dynasties III-VI - 2650-2150 BCEThe Old Kingdom: state organization, religion and hieroglyphic script fully developed;
early step pyramids, height of pyramid building, rock-cut tombs
Dynasties VII-XI - 2150-2040 BCE First Intermediate period: Egypt moves from a position of power in the Middle East
to foreign rule by the Hyksos; Karnak and Dier el-Bahari
Dynasties XI-XIV - 2040-1640 BCE Middle Kingdom: rock tombs
Dynasties XV-XVII - 1640-1550 BCE Second Intermediate Period
Dynasties XVIII-XX - 1550-1070 BCE New Kingdom: Akhenaten and Tutankhamun; Temple of Amun in the Valley of the Kings
Dynasties XXI-XXIV - 1070-712 BCE Third Intermediate Period: division of Egypt into northern and southern empires; temples in the Nile delta
Dynasties XXV-XXXI, Alexandrian and Roman rule - 750 BCE-395 CE Late Period and Ptolemaic Empire: Temple of Horus at Edfu, Temple of Hathor at Dendera
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AncientArchitecture
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Structure like Stonehenge: ceremonial and ritualAgriculture produced permanent settlements
Ancient Egypt Preservation of the mortal body
Architecture was MONUMENTAL Wall Construction (pyramids) & Post-and-Lintel (temples) Materials: unrefined mud-brick, wood and bundled papyrus reeds
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Characteristics of the Ancient:
Natural forms can seen in the development of the Egyptian column Abstracted flowers of native plants - papyrus, palm and lotus
Engaged Columns: partially embedded Capitals blossomed to the sky… supporting the heavens
Colonnade: Row of columns Entablature: Horizontal moulding above columns
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Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Architecture:Ka: spirit or life force of the individual: a body must inhabit it.
Mastabas: mud-bricked, one-story, flat-topped building with sloped sides(these resembled the domestic dwelling at the time)
c. 2650 BCE Stone began to replace the mud-brick King Djoser’s step pyramid, Saqqara
Necropolis: burial site
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c. 2750 BCETransformation into the “true” pyramid(Snefru's Bent Pyramid in Dahshur) 60° became 45° (52° became standard)
c. 2601-2515 BCEGiza Pyramids
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Middle Kingdom Architecture:
Rock-cut Tombs
c. 1470 BCE Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Porticoes: porch w/ 4-sided Columns
New Kingdom Architecture:
The god-king worship transferred…A triad of deities: Theban god Amun, wife Mut, son Khonsu
Hypostyle Hall: a vast hall filled with columns
Nave: central open space
Clerestory: a row of high windows
> Great Temple of Amun at Karnak (artist’s interpretation)
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AncientFurniture
and Decoration
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Tutankhamen's Tomb
X-frame stool
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Queen of Ramesses II, Nefertari (1250 BCE)
Tomb Mural
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AncientDress
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Egypt; Artistic Convention
Clothing was well preserved… airtight!
Loose-fitting and flowing (draped and closed-sewn)
Egyptian Architecture and Fashion remained relatively stable and unaffected by influences from other cultures until Greek and Roman domination.
There was an appreciation of the beauty of the nude human form.
Egyptian art and architecture reflects a love of clarity of form that is carried into dress.
Basic Garments:Linen (wool was available, but “unclean”)
Bleached with SulphurWeaving: High Thread Count: 150 warp threads by 120 weft
Basic Components: skirt, loincloth, tunic, cloak or cape and the wrapped robe.
Tunics were simple rectangles of cloth folded in half, with holes cut for the head to pass through, and seams closing the sides. Minimal sewing, cutting or construction was required.
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Men’s Dress
Loincloth: triangular piece tied like a diaper
Shenti: skirt (wrapped over-cloth)
Postiche: False Beard
Cape-like collar
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Women’s Dress
Undergarments and Bead-net Dress
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Women’s Dress
Robes
< Goddess Hathor was the goddess of joy, motherhood, and love.
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Cosmetics (both sexes): Lines were drawn around the upper and lower eyelids in green or black paint.
Kohl: a black powder of lead sulphide
Cones of wax impregnated with scented oils on their heads would melt in the sun to lubricate and protect the skin.
Klaft: Triangular kerchief
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Headdresses:
Isis: Sun
Cleopatra: Falcon/vulture
Uraeus: snake
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Crowns and Sandals
Pschent: Double crown
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Jewelry
Pectorals : Neckpieces of semi-precious stones.
Scarab Beetle
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Discussion
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^ Court of Amenhotep III - Luxor Temple
(c. 1350 BCE)
>Tomb of Inherka
(Anhurkhawi )
(c. 1175 BCE)
Discuss these 2 images in regard to the ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
(Line, Form/Shape, Mass, Value, Color, Measure, Position and Texture):