the anatomy of windows - milgard windows and doors...if the window has two sashes and both slide, it...

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© Milgard Manufacturing, Inc. ‐ CONFIDENTIALPKM2Anatomy‐0517

Module #2AProduct Knowledge Training

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The Anatomy of Windows

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Anatomy of WindowsA basic window is shown. Please take a moment to identify each of these components and familiarize yourself with the window terminology.

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Window ConventionsThe designation of “XO” is an industry standard for identifying sliding sash and fixed sash.

X designates an operable sash (the sash does move)O designates a non‐operable sash (the sash does NOT move)

If the window has two sashes and both slide, it is an XX slider. Montecito™, Tuscany(TM) and Quiet Line™ series vinyl sliders are available as XX sliders. XX sliders are explained later.

The sliding side (X) is always indicated as viewed from the OUTSIDE LOOKING IN.

On a Single Hung (SH), "O" does not move. It is considered the "fixed“ portion of the window.

O

X

X

X

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Window ConventionsThis XO coding can also indicate the “handing” or direction of slide. On a horizontal slider:

XO slides left to right OX from right to left.

The sliding side (X) is always indicated as viewed from the OUTSIDE LOOKING IN.

Half Vent (HV) with one fixed or non‐operable sash.

X O

XO

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Window Conventions

Awnings and Casements The hinge direction is indicated by an arrow drawn on the sash to point to where the hinges are located. The side the hinges are on determines the “handing“ of the window.

This is always viewed from the OUTSIDE LOOKING IN.

Full Casement

Hinge on Left side of casement

Full Awning

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Operational Types of Windows

Vertical SlidersThe two basic models of Vertical Sliders, Single Hung and Double Hung windows, represent about 70% of the total U.S. units sold.

The Single Hung (SH) has a fixed (non‐operable) top sash and a vertically sliding bottom sash. The sashes are “hung” in the window frame and there is one operating, or venting, sash. On a SH, one sash slides up and down (travels vertically) in the window frame.

Single Hung windows can be ordered with a horizontal set other than one‐half of the height, creating what is called an Offset Vent. This can give a different “look” to the window for certain architectural designs.

Single Hung (SH)

O

X

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Vertical Sliders Another popular type of Vertical Slider is the Double Hung (DH), where both the top and bottom sashes are operable. One nice feature of the DH is that you can open only the top half for ventilation, which directs cool air away from sleepers.

Another very popular feature for Vertical Sliders is Tilting Sash or Tilt Windows. Tilt latches allow the sash to pivot inward for cleaning the exterior glass from inside the structure. These windows are especially helpful for second‐story buildings where glass cleaning usually involves climbing a ladder to access the glass.

Double Hung (DH Tilt)

X

X

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Horizontal Sliders The Horizontal Slider accounts for over 60% of our sales.Horizontal Sliders (or rolling windows) consist of one ormore horizontally operable sections (sash or vent) all inone frame.

Benefits: ‐simple‐smooth rolling operation‐minimal operating hardware (good near the coast)‐good ventilation (1/2 of the total window area)

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Horizontal Sliders Half Vent (HV) Horizontal Sliders (known as an “XO” slider) have one sliding sash (X), and one fixed section (O). The window can be ordered with the sliding sash on the right (OX) or on the left (XO). The XO is the most common choice.

Double Slider (DS) windows have two operable sashes, one at each end that slide towards the center. The operating sash (vent) is designed for easy removal.

(HV)

(DS)

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Window ComponentsSashThe Sash is the material that surrounds the glass. One part that is common on venting sash would be weather‐stripping; materials that help fill the gaps between moving and stationary parts of the window.

We can also break the sash down into separate components: Horizontal parts = RailsVertical parts=Stiles

Look at the drawing and locate the “meeting rail”. These parts of the sash allow for the two sash to interlock when they are both fully closed. Our term for this is Horizontal Meeting Rail or HMR, the location of which is called the Horizontal Set, or Bar Set. For horizontal sliders it will incorporate a Vertical Meeting Rail (VMR), the location of which is called the Vertical Set, or Vent Set.

Bar Set

Vent Set

HMR

VMR

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Operational Types of WindowsCasement WindowsAnother venting style of window is the Casement window. Casement sash are hinged onto the perimeter frame,allowing them to swing outward like a door. This creates a window that has no divisions from meeting rails.

One big advantage for Casements: ventilation and egress! If you have a 2º4ºSH window, and open it completely, it willprovide ventilation through only the bottom half of the window (assuming a standard Horizontal Set). If the sameopening gets a Casement, it will provide ventilation through the entire window. One difference with the Casementwindow is that the insect screen is located at the interior of the window.

Casements are usually opened by means of a cranking device called a roto operator, which also holds the sash open,even in windy conditions. However, Casements can be built without a roto operator. For this type of operation, the enduser will unlatch one or two handles on the sash (which lock to the perimeter frame) and push out the sash. The hingesused for these windows have a high‐friction design, so the sash will stay opened. These windows are called “Push‐out”Casements with “friction hinges”. Because the handles are located behind the screen, a special screen will also be used.Two options may be available: a hinged screen to swing open or a “wicket” screen which has small, hinged, screenedportions called wickets.

Please check your location for the availability of Push‐out Casements. Aluminum push‐out casements are available atlimited locations.

Available in:• Single‐sash configurations

(Full Casement or FC)• Dual‐sash configurations,

(Double Casement or DC)• Picture window combo

(Casement –Picture Window –Casement, or DCPW).

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Awning WindowsAnother swinging‐style projection window is the Awning; basically a casement rotated ninety degrees so that the top of the sash is the pivot point. Due to hardware which is most often sill mounted (so the operator can push the bottom of the sash outward) Awnings are not allowed as an egress or 'fire exit' window (see Module 10).

The “Awning” window sash resembles a shade awning on a store. Awnings do not open as fully as casements; they only pivot out 45 degrees or less –about halfway to horizontal. In some sizes, the sash may only open four or five inches. Both of these limitations can be attributed to hardware function and practical sense: the sash should allow water to run off of its outer surface when open.

Either Roto operator or push‐out operational devices are available for awnings

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Specialty Window Styles

Bay and Bow WindowsBay and Bow windows are made by joining together (mulling) 3 or more separate windows into 1 large unit. The mulling is done with a special part that creates either a 45 degree angle at each junction (Bay window) or a 13 degree angle at each junction (Bow window). The one exception is the Wood Clad™ Bow which has a 15 degree angle.

Both Bay and Bow windows project out from the plane of the wall creating a larger feel to the room. A common home feature associated with Bay windows is the window seat.

Bay Window

Bow Window

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Specialty Window Styles

SkylightsSkylights are installed on the roof of a building primarily to brighten a room without much natural light. They are available in fixed and operable versions. Milgard sells more fixed skylights than operable skylights.

The operable versions can be operated manually using a pole or electrically using a switch or remote control. Some skylights even come with a rain sensor.

Skylights must be installed on a minimum 2/12 pitch. (The pitch refers to how steep the angle of the roof is; the higher the pitch, the steeper the angle.) You may need to find out if your location manufactures skylights in‐house or if this is a buy‐out.

Skylights all sit on a 2x6 curb. (Curb mounted)

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Non‐Operable WindowsPicture WindowsPicture Windows (PW) (aka “plate glass windows”) offer an unencumbered view and can be combined with other PW’s or operable window types to produce spectacular assemblies.

You may recognize that a PW could also be described as a “Fixed” (O) Window, like the fixed sash of a slider. In some cases, a PW is exactly that: the fixed sash of an operating window contained within its own perimeter frame. In other cases, a PW is technically a “sash less” window –more correctly called a “Direct Set” window where the glass is set directly into the frame.

Picture Windows are available with one undivided piece of glass to allow light and view into areas. The most common PW is a square or rectangular shape, but it’s also possible to build geometric shapes like Octagons, Triangles and Trapezoids.

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Non‐Operable Windows

Radius WindowsThe term “Radius Windows” encompasses all windows which have at least some of the perimeter frame bent. Many variations are available. Refer to your Price Book for the specific shapes available by series, the required information to order them and pricing instructions.

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Mulled & IMR WindowsMullion WindowsAs a custom window provider, Milgard excels at manufacturing mullion windows. Mullion and IMR windows are so unique that they are built in the “specials department” of the plant versus the main line.

The American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) provides the following guidance on types of mullions and their application:

1. Integral mullion: a horizontal or vertical member that is bounded at either or both ends by crossing frame members. Referred to as an Integral Meeting Rail (IMR)

2. Combination mullion: a horizontal or vertical member formed by joining two or more individual fenestration (window) units together without a mullion stiffener.

3. Reinforcing mullion: a horizontal or vertical member with an added continuous mullion stiffener and joining two or more individual fenestration (window) units along the sides of the mullion stiffener.

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Mulled & IMR Windows

Composite WindowsComposite windows utilize an integral mullion (IMR) within a single window frame. Milgard Style Line, Montecito and Tuscany mullion windows are built as composite windows. Aluminum half vent above (HVA) and half vent below (HVB) windows use a HMR bar so they are also in this category.

Combination WindowsCombination assemblies utilize combination mullions and/or reinforcing mullions between separate window or door units. Milgard Vinyl SGD Transoms, Quiet Line and some Montecito/Tuscany Radius Top windows are built as combination windows. Aluminum double single hungs and triple single hungs must use a mull so they are combination windows.

Mull IMR

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Frame Material Types

Frame Material TypesAll windows are made from glass and some type of frame. The window frame is the backbone of the window, similar to a picture frame. It usually consists of four sides.

Milgard uses the following materials for our window frames:

1.Aluminum –The first frame material used by Milgard.

2.Vinyl –Used to make windows in Europe since the 1950’s. Offered by Milgard since 1989.

3.Fiberglass –Offered by Milgard since 1995.

4.Wood–A solid wood interior and a strong fiberglass exterior. One of the newest window frame materials.

the anatomy of windows - milgard windows and doors...if the window has two sashes and both slide, it...

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