the analysis of building politeness in interaction by
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INTERACTION BY USING LEECH’S POLITENESS PRINCIPLE
IN THE FILM ENTITLED BEAUTY AND THE BEAST
(A Pragmatics Approach)
for The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
The writer honestly confirms that this thesis entitled “The Analysis of
Building Politeness Atmosphere in Interaction by Using Leech’s Politeness Principle
in the Film Entitled Beauty and the Beast” is compiled by herself without taking from
the other researches. The writer certifies that any secondary materials which are
related to this thesis have been listed in the bibliography.
Surakarta, August 4 th
(Ben Sweetland)
"If you can imagine it, you can achieve it. If you can dream in, you can become it."
(William A. Word)
Allah SWT,
My loving parents,
My little brother,
My Thesis Consultant, My Academic Consultant and all of the lecturers
All my friends who always support me.
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah S.W.T for
the blessing so that this thesis can be finished well.
I also want to express my gratitude and appreciation to all people who
help and support me in finishing my thesis:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, for the motivation and encouragement given
to me.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, PhD, the Head of English Department and my
thesis consultant, for his guidance helped me in all the time of research and
writing of this thesis.
3. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S, as my academic consultant, who has supported
me to finish my thesis.
4. All of the lecturers of English Department Program, for the knowledge and
inspiring experience that they have shared.
5. My beloved parents, Hary Sarwanto and Angesti Dwi Marjani, and my little
brother, Pungky Astanto, who always support me spiritually throughout
writing this thesis and my life in general.
6. My friends of English Department 2011 members especially for Festa Kurnia
Ramadhani and Imanuel Madia Sakti for your supports, helps and all the fun
we have had in the last four years.
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
viii
7. My close friends Erva Dinar Lupita Anggraini, Fera Yuliana, July Dwi
Setiawan and Yudana Putra Pamungkas, for the laugh and the crazy things all
these years.
8. Everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one has a contribution to my
thesis, thank you.
Finally, I hope that this thesis can give contribution to people who are
interested to this study. Moreover, I look forward for any suggestions or any other
ideas that can make it more perfect.
Surakarta, August 4 th
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
H. Synopsis .......................................................................................... 17
D. Sampling ......................................................................................... 22
G. Data Coding .................................................................................... 30
A. Introduction ..................................................................................... 32
A. Conclusions ..................................................................................... 83
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 3.1 Example of Domain Analysis (The types of politeness principle) .... 25
Table 3.2 Example of Domain Analysis (The factors) ..................................... 26
Table 3.3 Example of Domain Analysis (The goals) ........................................ 26
Table 3.4 Example of Presence of Types of Politeness Principle .................... 27
Table 3.5 Example of Presence of the Factors ................................................ 27
Table 3.6 Example of Presence of the Goals ................................................... 28
Table 3.7 Example of Componential Analysis ................................................. 28
Figure 3.1 Finding Cultural Value ................................................................... 29
Table 4.1 Table of Componential Analysis ...................................................... 72
Table 4.2 Table of the Types of Politeness Principles ..................................... 76
Table 4.3 Table of the Factors ......................................................................... 78
Table 4.3 Table of the Relation between the Goals and the Types of Maxims 78
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
CandraHarwiati. C0311009. The Analysis of Building Politeness Atmosphere in
Interaction by Using Leech’s Politeness Principle in the Film Entitled Beauty and
the Beast (A Pragmatics Approach). Thesis: English Department, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, SebelasMaret University.
This thesis deals with the use of politeness principles by Leech (1983) in the film
Beauty and the Beast. The research was conducted to analyze the types of politeness
principles executed by the characters. Moreover, this research was also executed to
analyze the factors affecting the characters employ politeness principles, the goals of
using politeness in the conversation and the relation between the use of politeness
principles and the background of the film.
This thesis is a descriptive qualitative research. The research uses purposive sampling
which means that the sampling is based on the objective of the research. Then,
content analysis is employed as the technique of data analysis which has four stages,
such as domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, componential analysis and finding
cultural value.
The result of the research shows that five types of politeness principles are found in
the conversation of the characters in the film Beauty and the Beast, namely tact
maxim, approbation maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim and agreement
maxim. Moreover, the use of politeness principles is influenced by the higher power
of the interlocutors, far social distance and high rank of imposition. Furthermore,
there are six kinds of goals found in this research. They are refusing, asking, offering,
praising, begging and inviting. The characters use agreement maxim and modesty
maxim to refuse something. Afterwards, they employ tact maxim to ask someone for
doing something, invite and beg. Later, generosity maxim is used to offer something
to someone. Then, the characters utter approbation maxim to praise someone. The
result also shows that there is a relation between the use of politeness principles and
the setting of the film. It is because unequal status between man and woman happens
at that time. Moreover, the society adores social status.
Keywords: Politeness, politeness principle, pragmatics, factors, goals
IN THE FILM ENTITLED BEAUTY AND THE BEAST
(A Pragmatics Approach)
for The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
The writer honestly confirms that this thesis entitled “The Analysis of
Building Politeness Atmosphere in Interaction by Using Leech’s Politeness Principle
in the Film Entitled Beauty and the Beast” is compiled by herself without taking from
the other researches. The writer certifies that any secondary materials which are
related to this thesis have been listed in the bibliography.
Surakarta, August 4 th
(Ben Sweetland)
"If you can imagine it, you can achieve it. If you can dream in, you can become it."
(William A. Word)
Allah SWT,
My loving parents,
My little brother,
My Thesis Consultant, My Academic Consultant and all of the lecturers
All my friends who always support me.
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah S.W.T for
the blessing so that this thesis can be finished well.
I also want to express my gratitude and appreciation to all people who
help and support me in finishing my thesis:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, for the motivation and encouragement given
to me.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, PhD, the Head of English Department and my
thesis consultant, for his guidance helped me in all the time of research and
writing of this thesis.
3. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S, as my academic consultant, who has supported
me to finish my thesis.
4. All of the lecturers of English Department Program, for the knowledge and
inspiring experience that they have shared.
5. My beloved parents, Hary Sarwanto and Angesti Dwi Marjani, and my little
brother, Pungky Astanto, who always support me spiritually throughout
writing this thesis and my life in general.
6. My friends of English Department 2011 members especially for Festa Kurnia
Ramadhani and Imanuel Madia Sakti for your supports, helps and all the fun
we have had in the last four years.
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
viii
7. My close friends Erva Dinar Lupita Anggraini, Fera Yuliana, July Dwi
Setiawan and Yudana Putra Pamungkas, for the laugh and the crazy things all
these years.
8. Everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one has a contribution to my
thesis, thank you.
Finally, I hope that this thesis can give contribution to people who are
interested to this study. Moreover, I look forward for any suggestions or any other
ideas that can make it more perfect.
Surakarta, August 4 th
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
H. Synopsis .......................................................................................... 17
D. Sampling ......................................................................................... 22
G. Data Coding .................................................................................... 30
A. Introduction ..................................................................................... 32
A. Conclusions ..................................................................................... 83
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 3.1 Example of Domain Analysis (The types of politeness principle) .... 25
Table 3.2 Example of Domain Analysis (The factors) ..................................... 26
Table 3.3 Example of Domain Analysis (The goals) ........................................ 26
Table 3.4 Example of Presence of Types of Politeness Principle .................... 27
Table 3.5 Example of Presence of the Factors ................................................ 27
Table 3.6 Example of Presence of the Goals ................................................... 28
Table 3.7 Example of Componential Analysis ................................................. 28
Figure 3.1 Finding Cultural Value ................................................................... 29
Table 4.1 Table of Componential Analysis ...................................................... 72
Table 4.2 Table of the Types of Politeness Principles ..................................... 76
Table 4.3 Table of the Factors ......................................................................... 78
Table 4.3 Table of the Relation between the Goals and the Types of Maxims 78
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
CandraHarwiati. C0311009. The Analysis of Building Politeness Atmosphere in
Interaction by Using Leech’s Politeness Principle in the Film Entitled Beauty and
the Beast (A Pragmatics Approach). Thesis: English Department, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, SebelasMaret University.
This thesis deals with the use of politeness principles by Leech (1983) in the film
Beauty and the Beast. The research was conducted to analyze the types of politeness
principles executed by the characters. Moreover, this research was also executed to
analyze the factors affecting the characters employ politeness principles, the goals of
using politeness in the conversation and the relation between the use of politeness
principles and the background of the film.
This thesis is a descriptive qualitative research. The research uses purposive sampling
which means that the sampling is based on the objective of the research. Then,
content analysis is employed as the technique of data analysis which has four stages,
such as domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, componential analysis and finding
cultural value.
The result of the research shows that five types of politeness principles are found in
the conversation of the characters in the film Beauty and the Beast, namely tact
maxim, approbation maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim and agreement
maxim. Moreover, the use of politeness principles is influenced by the higher power
of the interlocutors, far social distance and high rank of imposition. Furthermore,
there are six kinds of goals found in this research. They are refusing, asking, offering,
praising, begging and inviting. The characters use agreement maxim and modesty
maxim to refuse something. Afterwards, they employ tact maxim to ask someone for
doing something, invite and beg. Later, generosity maxim is used to offer something
to someone. Then, the characters utter approbation maxim to praise someone. The
result also shows that there is a relation between the use of politeness principles and
the setting of the film. It is because unequal status between man and woman happens
at that time. Moreover, the society adores social status.
Keywords: Politeness, politeness principle, pragmatics, factors, goals