The American NationThe American Nation

Chapter 6 – Section 5 Winning the War in the South

The American Revolution1775–1783

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6, Section 5

Winning the War in the SouthWinning the War in the South

Objectives to learn:• Why did Britain decide to start

fighting in the South?• How did the Americans and French

defeat the British at the Battle of Yorktown?

• What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

• What factors helped the Americans win the war?

American Revolution Battle Presentations American Revolution Battle Presentations

• King’s Mountain/ Cowpens• Yorktown

Chapter 6, Section 5

I. Britain Takes the War to the SouthI. Britain Takes the War to the South

Savannah, GeorgiaCharleston and Camden, South Carolina

The British under General Charles Cornwallis seized these cities in 1778.

Kings Mountain, South Carolina

Patriots lead by Isaac Shelby and John Sevier took the mountain from a Loyalist force led by Maj. Patrick Ferguson. Showed that Britain could lose in the South. (Oct. 7, 1980)

The Carolinas Amer. General Nathaniel Greene struck the British when he had a geographical advantage and wore them down. (1780)

Cowpens, South Carolina (Jan. 1781)

Patriot General Daniel Morgan fooled the British under Col. Tarleton into thinking his army was retreating, then turned and fired on the British.

Guilford Court House (March 1781)

A bloody battle. The Americans retreated, but the British suffered great losses.

Guerrilla, or hit and run, warfare

Francis Marion, the Swamp Fox, led a small band of soldiers that harassed the British in the South.

Chapter 6, Section 5

The War in the SouthThe War in the South

History Channel – American Revolution – War in South – DVD 3

– England’s Last Chance

Onlevel - Benedict ArnoldOnlevel - Benedict Arnold

• Read “Benedict Arnold Betrays the Cause”

• Summarize important information• Class Discussion

Honors - Benedict Arnold, Traitor or Hero???Honors - Benedict Arnold, Traitor or Hero???

• To Americans he is considered one of the worst traitors

• Never tried/convicted• Planned treason never occurred because John

Andre was captured, tried and executed• Arnold left country and was paid a small amount

by British for his efforts and lived remainder of his life in Great Britain

• Traitor or Hero??? – Did Arnold try to help the nation’s cause or was he merely a selfish and arrogant man willing to abuse his position and trust of his friends/colleagues to serve his own purpose???

Honors – Benedict ArnoldHonors – Benedict Arnold

• Read:• “Benedict Arnold Betrays the Cause”• “Different Perspectives”• “Benedict Arnold”

• Answer the related questions• Complete “Weighing the Facts”• Class Discussion

Benedict Arnold, An American TraitorBenedict Arnold, An American Traitor

• September 1780 – Arnold secretly agreed to turn over West Point, a key fort in New York, to the British for $10,000.

• Arnold was caught when British Major John Andre’ was caught and Arnold’s papers were discovered.

• Arnold escaped to the British army• Andre’ was tried, convicted of spying, and hanged. • Why did Arnold do it? He was angry because he felt he

did not receive enough credit for his victories and he needed money.

• Arnold’s acts outraged the Patriots who offered large rewards for his capture (Thomas Jefferson’s reward and George Washington wanted him hung)

• Arnold won some British victories in Connecticut and Virginia such as capturing and burning Richmond.

John Andre and Benedict ArnoldJohn Andre and Benedict Arnold

History Channel – American Revolution – The Great Chain – Show and answer questions

Chapter 6, Section 5

The Battle of Yorktown (October 19, 1781)The Battle of Yorktown (October 19, 1781)

• Cornwallis planned to conquer Virginia in the spring of 1781.• American troops under Marquis de Lafayette kept Cornwallis

from succeeding.• Cornwallis was ordered to send part of his army to New York.

Instead, he retreated to Yorktown peninsula.• A combined American and French army under Washington

and Comte de Rochambeau trapped Cornwallis on the Yorktown peninsula.

• A French fleet under Admiral de Grasse kept Cornwallis from escaping by sea.

• The American and French armies laid siege to Cornwallis’s army (surrounded and blockaded the enemy position).

• The British lost the Battle of Yorktown. They surrendered on October 19, 1781.

• History Channel – American Revolution – War in South – Show and answer questions

Honors – Victory in American RevolutionHonors – Victory in American Revolution

• Other factors contributing to American victory…• Read “Letters Across the Atlantic” • Identify other factors that contributed to

American victory

Honors - Letters Across the AtlanticHonors - Letters Across the Atlantic

• Franklin’s skill in negotiating with the French and hiring officers

• French aid in various forms• Skill of French officers• French navy blockading British

reinforcements • Involvement and aid from other European

nations (Spain and Poland)

Onlevel – Treaty of ParisOnlevel – Treaty of Paris

• Read “A Peace Treaty Is Made With England in 1783”• Summarize important points

• Read “Victory, Peace, and Aftermath”• Answer questions

• Class Discussion

Honors – Treaty of ParisHonors – Treaty of Paris

• Read “A Peace Treaty is Made with England in 1783”

• Read “Treaty of Paris” and complete the DBQ questions

• Class Discussion

Chapter 6, Section 5

The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris

• Congress ratified, or approved, the Treaty of Paris on April 15, 1783.

• The British recognized the United States as an independent nation.

• The boundaries of the United States extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from the Great Lakes to Florida.

• Florida was returned to Spain. • Americans agreed to ask states to pay Loyalists for

property they had lost.

Chapter 6, Section 5

V. Why Americans Won the WarV. Why Americans Won the War

Geography Americans were fighting at home on familiar ground. The British were far from home in unknown territory.

Foreign Help Spanish and French forces fought with the Americans. France, the Netherlands, and Spain loaned money. German and Polish officers provided training.

Patriotism Patriots gained skill as soldiers. They didn’t give up.

Leaders George Washington’s leadership and military skills were so good that he was respected by Americans and British alike

Chapter 6, Section 5

Section 5 AssessmentSection 5 Assessment

Cornwallis’s army marched throughout the South. How was he finally stopped?

a) Loyalists turned against him.b) He sent part of his army to New York, so he didn’t have enough troops.c) Benedict Arnold betrayed his position.d) French and American armies trapped him on a peninsula in the

Chesapeake Bay.

One provision of the Treaty of Paris was thata) the United States kept Florida.b) Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nationc) the states would pay money to France and Spain for their help.d) the United States would pay Great Britain for government property.

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Chapter 6, Section 5

Section 5 AssessmentSection 5 Assessment

Cornwallis’s army marched throughout the South. How was he finally stopped?

a) Loyalists turned against him.b) He sent part of his army to New York, so he didn’t have enough troops.c) Benedict Arnold betrayed his position.d) French and American armies trapped him on a peninsula in the

Chesapeake Bay.

One provision of the Treaty of Paris was thata) the United States kept Florida.b) Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nationc) the states would pay money to France and Spain for their help.d) the United States would pay Great Britain for government property.

Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

HomeworkHomework

• Read and complete Chapter 6 – Section 5 Study Guide

• This will be collected