the american legal system. relevant standards of learning ce.10 the student will demonstrate...
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The American Legal System
Relevant Standards of Learning
• CE.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the judicial systems established by the Constitution of Virginia and the Constitution of the United States by
a) describing the organization and jurisdiction of federal and state courts;b) describing the exercise of judicial review;
c) explaining court proceedings in civil and criminal cases;d) explaining how due process protections seek to ensure justice.
Student Objectives
• Describe the organization and jurisdiction of courts. (CE.10a)
• Describe the exercise of judicial review. (CE.10b)
• Explain court proceedings in criminal and civil cases. (CE.10c)
• Explain how due process protections seek to ensure justice. (CE.10d)
What part of the U. S. Constitution defines the judicial branch of government?
Article III
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
U. S. Court of Appeals
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
U. S. Court of Appeals Appeals from district courts
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
U. S. Court of Appeals Appeals from district courts No
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
U. S. Court of Appeals Appeals from district courts No
U. S. District Court
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
U. S. Court of Appeals Appeals from district courts No
U. S. District Court Original jurisdiction
List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
U. S. Supreme Court Appeals
Limited original jurisdiction
No
U. S. Court of Appeals Appeals from district courts No
U. S. District Court Original jurisdiction Yes
What is a magistrate?
A magistrate issues search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and summons and sets bail.
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
Circuit Court
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
Circuit Court Felony criminal cases
Civil cases over $1,000
Appeals from district courts
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
Circuit Court Felony criminal cases
Civil cases over $1,000
Appeals from district courts
Yes
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
Circuit Court Felony criminal cases
Civil cases over $1,000
Appeals from district courts
Yes
General District Court
Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
Circuit Court Felony criminal cases
Civil cases over $1,000
Appeals from district courts
Yes
General District Court
Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court
Misdemeanors
Civil cases less than $1,000
Juvenile and family cases
List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.
Court Jurisdiction Jury
Virginia Supreme Court Court of final appeal
Limited original jurisdiction
No
Court of Appeals of Virginia Appeals from circuit courts No
Circuit Court Felony criminal cases
Civil cases over $1,000
Appeals from district courts
Yes
General District Court
Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court
Misdemeanors
Civil cases less than $1,000
Juvenile and family cases
No
No
What is judicial review?
The supreme courts of the United States and Virginia determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch of the government.
What Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What is criminal law?
A court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony.
What are the steps in a criminal trial?
1. Arrest (if probable cause is established)
2. Jail or bail
3. Arraignment (review probable cause, attorney appointed, plea entered)
4. Trial
5. Possible appeal
What is civil law?
A court settles a disagreement between two parties
What are the steps is a civil case?
1. A plaintiff files a complaint
2. The case is heard by a judge or jury
3. Possible appeal
How are juvenile cases handled differently than those of adults?
1. Judges have greater latitude in handling juvenile cases
2. Juveniles who commit serious crimes can be tried as adults
What is due process of law?
The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws
Where are due process protections defined?
• 5th Amendment – prohibits the national government from acting in an unfair manner
• 14th Amendment – prohibits the state and local government
from acting in an unfair manner
Raise your hand to answer the following questions!
What is the name of the constitutional protection against unfair governmental practices?
What is the name of the constitutional protection against unfair governmental practices?
What was established in the Supreme Court case ofMarbury v. Madison?
What was established in the Supreme Court case ofMarbury v. Madison?
Name the levels of the federal and state courts that have a jury.
U. S. District Courts
&
Circuit Courts of Virginia
What is the name given to the pre-trial phase during which probable cause is reviewed, an attorney is appointed, and a plea is entered?
Arraignment
What are the two sides in a civil trial called?
plaintiff and defendant
A U. S. citizen born on July 4, 1995 has been charged with breaking and entering. What
court will hear this case?
Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court
What is the court of highest jurisdiction in the United States?
What is the court of highest jurisdiction in the United States?
What is the court of highest jurisdiction in the United States?
Thomas, Sotomayor, Scalia, Breyer, Chief Justice Roberts, Alito, Kennedy, Kagan, Ginsberg
United
States
Supreme
Court
What part of the Constitution deals with the Judicial Branch?
Article III
What part of the Constitution provides due
process protections?
5th & 14th Amendments
Follow the link below to find out more about the U. S.
Supreme Court.
http://www.supremecourt.gov/
Complete an A to Z AboutJudicial Branch review sheet