the american civil war 1861-1865 vs.. causes of the civil war regional differences b/w the largely...
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The American Civil War
1861-1865
Vs.
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Causes of the Civil War
• Regional differences b/w the largely industrial North and the agrarian South grow stronger (ex. Where Railroads should be built and the Protectionist tariff that favored the North)
• Slavery
• The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Abraham Lincoln elected president
• Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate States of America
• The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter
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Union leader – President Abraham Lincoln
• 16th President (1861-1865)
• Born: Feb. 12, 1809
• Died: April 15, 1865 (four days after the war ended)
• Party: Republican
• Wife: Mary Lincoln
• Children: Robert, Edward, William, and Thomas (Tad)
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Confederacy Leader – President Jefferson Davis
• Born: June 3, 1808• Died: 1889• Born in Kentucky, went to school
at the U.S. Military Academy• Later in life became a Planter
living in Mississippi• Served as U.S. Senator, Secretary
of War, and President of the Confederacy.
• Served as a P.O.W. for two years, U.S. dropped its case against him in 1868.
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Timeline of the Civil War
Copy the following slides in a timeline format in your notes!
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April 12-13, 1861
• Fort Sumter• Confederate General
P.G.T Beauregard opens fire on Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson surrenders.
• The fort was a federal fort in the South and the Confederacy did not want northerners in the south!
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First Major Battle July 1861
• Union army marches on Southern capital, Richmond, Virginia.
• Routed by Confederate forces at Bull Run, it is forced to retreat to Washington.
• Union: Gen. McDowell
• Conf.: Gen. Johnston and “Stonewall” Jackson
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February 1862
• Union forces under Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant capture key Southern strongholds of Fort Henry and Donelson in Tennessee.
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April 1862
• Confederate army counter-attacks Grant at Shiloh, but he holds his ground and Southern forces retreat to Mississippi
• Union navy seizes New Orleans
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July 1862
• Gen. George McClellan leads Union advance on Richmond, but is blocked by Con. Forces under Gen. Robert E. Lee during the “Seven Days’ Battles.”
Robert E. Lee
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August 1862
• Lee defeats Union army at Second Battle of Bull Run, and drives Northern force out of Virginia, and proceeds to invade Maryland.
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September 1862
• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM• McClellan blocks Lee’s advance at Battle of
Antietam Creek, Maryland, where 24,000 men die. • This is the “Bloodiest Single Battle” of the war.• Lee retreats to Virginia.
• Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a few days later.
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April-May 1863
• Union forces attack Lee in Virginia but are defeated at Chancellorsville and retreat.
• Lee invades the north once more in Pennsylvania.
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July 1-3, 1863
• GETTYSBURG!• Lee’s forces runs into
Union army at Gettysburg, Penn.
• The ensuing battle results in over 50,000 casualties.
• Lee’s army retreats south.• Many historians believe
this is the beginning of the end for the south.
• The turning point of the war!
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July 4, 1863
• After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes Vicksburg, Mississippi, bringing most of the region under Northern control.
• This is another nail in the coffin of the South.
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November 1863
• On Nov. 19, Lincoln was asked to deliver just a few appropriate remarks to dedicate a military cemetery at Gettysburg.
• “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_hYZFUsOuw
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November 1863
• Following the Battle of Chattanooga, Grant drives Lee out of Tennessee.
• The Union army is now led by General William T. Sherman and he takes Knoxville.
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June 1864
• The tide has officially shifted and the North is almost in total control of the war.
• After a costly southward advance, Grant traps Lee’s forces at Petersburg, outside of Richmond, Virginia.
• The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.
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September-December 1864• Sherman captures
Atlanta.• He cuts a swath of
destruction through Georgia and then captures Savannah.
• This becomes known as, “The March to the Sea.”
• On Christmas Day of 1864, Sherman orders his men to save Savannah from burning; he gives it to Lincoln as a Christmas present!
Atlanta Cyclorama- The Civil War, Battle of Atlanta
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April 1865
• Grant takes Richmond on April 3 and Lee surrenders six days later at the Appomattox Court House.
• April 9th, 1865 is the official end to the war between the states.
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April 1865• Lincoln is assassinated
by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. On April 14th and he died the next day.
• Booth yelled, “Sic semper tyrannis” in English means, “Thus be it ever to tyrants.”
• Booth broke his leg jumping from the balcony, and he died several days later after being burned in the barn he was hiding.
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Lincoln’s Death
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The Human Costs of the Civil War
0
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CivilWar
NorthSouthTotal Casualties
(Casualties by thousands)
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The Economic Costs of the Civil War
Economic CostsEconomic Costs Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled
$2.6 billion. Federal debt rose to $2.7 billion. Confederate debt ran over $700 million. Union inflation reached 182% in 1864 and 179%
in 1865. Confederate inflation rose to 9,000% by the end of
the war.