the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the international space
TRANSCRIPT
AMS
R.Battiston
SIFI 2010
Bologna
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometeron the
International Space Station
September 2010
2- Charged cosmic rays: An unexplored region in science. Using a magnetic spectrometer (AMS) on ISS is the only way to measure high energy charged cosmic rays.
1- Neutral cosmic rays (light rays and neutrinos):Light rays have been measured (e.g., Hubble) for over 50 years. Fundamental discoveries have been made.
Fundamental Science on the International Space Station (ISS)There are two kinds of cosmic rays traveling through space
AMS
The major physical science experiment on the ISS
AMS
3
USAFLORIDA A&M UNIV.FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITYMIT - CAMBRIDGENASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTERNASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTERTEXAS A&M UNIVERSITYUNIV. OF MARYLAND - DEPT OF PHYSICSYALE UNIVERSITY - NEW HAVEN
MEXICOUNAM
DENMARKUNIV. OF AARHUS
FINLANDHELSINKI UNIV.UNIV. OF TURKU
FRANCEGAM MONTPELLIERLAPP ANNECYLPSC GRENOBLE
GERMANYRWTH-IRWTH-IIIMAX-PLANK INST.UNIV. OF KARLSRUHE
ITALYASICARSO TRIESTEIROE FLORENCEINFN & UNIV. OF BOLOGNAINFN & UNIV. OF MILANOINFN & UNIV. OF PERUGIAINFN & UNIV. OF PISAINFN & UNIV. OF ROMAINFN & UNIV. OF SIENA
NETHERLANDSESA-ESTECNIKHEFNLR
ROMANIAISSUNIV. OF BUCHAREST
RUSSIAI.K.I.ITEPKURCHATOV INST.MOSCOW STATE UNIV.
SPAINCIEMAT - MADRIDI.A.C. CANARIAS.
SWITZERLANDETH-ZURICHUNIV. OF GENEVA
CHINA BISEE (Beijing)IEE (Beijing)IHEP (Beijing)SJTU (Shanghai)SEU (Nanjing)SYSU (Guangzhou)SDU (Jinan)
KOREAEWHA
KYUNGPOOK NAT.UNIV.
PORTUGAL
LAB. OF INSTRUM. LISBON
ACAD. SINICA (Taiwan)AIDC (Taiwan)
CSIST (Taiwan)NCU (Chung Li)NCKU (Tainan)
NCTU (Hsinchu)NSPO (Hsinchu)
TAIWAN
95% of the ~$2.0B to build AMS has come from our international partners based on NASA’s commitment to deploy AMS on the ISS
AMS International Collaboration16 Countries, 60 Institutes and 600 Physicists
DESY1965-1972
BNL1972-1974
PETRA1978-1983
LEP1983-2003
Physicists10 20 60 600 400 600
Cost (M$)0.01 0.1 15 ~1,000 ~500 >2,000
Shuttle1994-1998
e-proton e-e+ e- e+
ISS1998-...
The scientists in AMS Experiment are mostly European and have worked togetherfor years.
From: Steve Myers Sent: Mon 2/8/2010 7:58 AM To: Dimitri Delikaris; Dietrich Schinzel
Dear Dimitri,
There is a decision from the Directorate level to give the maximum possible amount of help to AMS.I really appreciate your aid. If there are any “legal” problems please let me know right away.Regards,
Steve
Steve MyersDirector of Accelerators and TechnologyEuropean Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN)CH-1211 Geneva 23Switzerland
FePe– HePe+
TRD
TOF
Tracker+Magnet
RICH
ECAL
– ___
Physicsexample AntimatterCosmic Ray Physics
StrangeletsDark matter
AMS is the first large magnetic detector in space. It provides a measurement of particles and nuclei with a position resolution of 10 microns in a magnetic field of 1200 Gauss. It measures the velocity (near the speed of light) to an accuracy of 1/1000, and it measures the flight time to 150 picoseconds. It can simultaneously measure all the nuclei in space.
Geometric Factor 5000 cm2 sr ; MDR 2,1 TV 12
The AMS-01 Detector (1994-1998)
Tim
e o
f Fligh
tσ
= 1
24
ps
Aerogel
6 planes of Silicon Tracker: 3.2 % X0, 10 m. BL2 = 0.14 Tm2, ΔP/P = 7% at 10 GeV
12
TRDElectrons
Silicon TrackerMass, Charge, Energy
ECALElectrons, Gamma-rays
RICHMass, Charge, Energy
TOFMass, Charge, Energy
AMS on ISSParticles are identified by their
mass, charge and energy.
MagnetMass, ± Charge, Energy
1) no iron ⇒ to reduce weight
2) no field leak out of the magnet⇒ for safety of astronauts
3) no influence from earth magneticfield ⇒ stability
y99084_5a_right.ppt
The AMS superconducting magnet has been designed to operate for 3 years in space, without refilling possibility, according to the NASA-DOE,
signed before the 2003 Columbia accident
B = 0.5 GaussThe AMS superconducting magnet has the
following unique features:
Transition Radiation Detector: TRDIdentify electrons e± with v = 0.9999c
radiate γ when passing foils/fibers
Proportional Tube
4 – 8 keV γ
Test results: measure all nuclei simultaneously
Silicon Tracker
Resolution: 10 µm
8 planes, 200,000 channels
Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counter (RICH)
Radiator
10,880 Photodetectors
Reflector
Particle: Velocity(θ), Charge(Intensity)
γθ
Calorimeter (ECAL)
e±, γ proton
A precision 3-dimensional measurement of the directions and energies of light rays and electrons
10 000 fibers, φ = 1 mmdistributed uniformly Inside 1,200 lb of lead
Vibration
Dedicated Space Qualification Facilities have been developed for AMS in Italy
Radiation
Radiation
Thermal Thermal-Vacuum
Electromagnetic
StructuralRequirements
ThermalRequirements
RadiationRequirements
Mission SuccessRequirements
Test campaigndefinition
Test Execution
Test facility
Test Results
The SERMS Laboratory
Final test at CERN: AMS in accelerator test beam Feb 4-8.
AMS
27 km
CERN Accelerator Complex
7 km
Progress Report
To Mr. William Gerstenmaier
on AMS19 January 2010
TRD
TOF
TRACKER
TOFRICH
ECAL
MA
GN
ET
HE
LIU
M
tracker layers with superconducting magnet1
45
23
67
8
TrackerLayers
Test Beam Results with superconducting magnet – Feb 2010
Velocity measured to an accuracy of 1/1000for 400 GeV protons
Bending Plane Residual (cm)Electron Energy Resolution: 2.5-
3%
N
N
Energy
N
TRD: 400 GeV Protons
Measured combined rejection power at 400 GeV: e+/p = 10-6
32
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
14/9/2010
AMS-02 TV test stand - GONDOLA
• Gondola Manufacturing and assembly
• Installation tools
Trac
ker
1
2
7-8
3-4
9
5-6
TRDIdentify e+, e-
Silicon TrackerZ, P
ECALE of e+, e-, γ
RICHZ, E
TOFZ, EParticles and nuclei are defined by their
charge (Z) and energy (E ~ P)
Z, P are measured independently from Tracker, RICH, TOF and ECAL
AMS: A TeV precision, multipurpose spectrometer
Magnet±Z
TRD
TOF
TRACKER
TOFRICH
ECAL
MA
GN
ET
tracker layers with permanent magnet
1
56
34
78
9
TrackerLayers
2
Tracker Layers 1 and 9 provide much better momentum resolution
With 9 tracker planes, the resolution of AMS with the permanent magnet is equal (to 10%) to that of the superconducting magnet.
AMS-02 (MDRP 2.14 TV)(MDRHe 3.75TV)
AMS-02 SC (MDRP 2.18 TV)
Rig
idity
reso
lutio
n %
Proton Rigidity (GV)
PM vs SC Magnet difference
Test Beam Results with permanent magnet – 8-19 Aug 2010
Velocity measured to an accuracy of 1/1000for 400 GeV protons
Bending Plane Residual (cm)e± Energy Resolution: 2.5-3%
N
N
Energy
N
Reconstructed Velocity
TRD: 400 GeV protons
Test Beam Result (august 2010)400 GeV protons
43
AMS-02 (MDRP 2.14 TV)(MDRHe 3.75TV)
AMS-02 SC (MDRP 2.18 TV)
Rig
idity
reso
lutio
n %
Proton Rigidity (GV)
Search for Cold Dark Matter: χ0Physics example
Collisions of χ0 will produce excesses in the spectra of e+,e-,p different from known cosmic ray collisions
AMS-02 (mχ=200 GeV)
From Dark matter collisions
The spectra of all types of cosmic rays will be measured by AMS simultaneously
Accelerators
AMS in Space
The Big Bang origin of the Universe requires matter and antimatterto be equally abundant at the very hot beginning
Physics examplesSearch for the existence of Antimatter in the Universe
AMS
LHC
Study of high energy (0.1 GeV – 1 TeV) diffuse gammas AMS Physics example
The diffuse gamma-ray spectrum of the Galactic plane40o < 1 < 100o, |b| < 5o
AMS-02
Space Experiments Ground Experiments
T.Prodanovi´c et al., astro-ph/0603618 v1 22 Mar 2006
EGRET
e+e−
γ
1. Pointing precision of 2 arcsec2. UTC time (from GPS, μsec accuracy) allows to relate
AMS measurements with other missions
Pulsars in the Milky Way:
Pulsar: Neutron star sending radiation in a periodic way, currently measured with millisec accuracy.Emission in radio, visible, X- and gamma rays currently measured up to ~1 Gev.
AMS: pulsar periods measured with μsec time precision andenergy spectrum for pulsars measured to 1 TeV(a factor of 1,000 improvement in time and energy).
Similar studies can be made for Blazers and Gamma Ray Bursters
Mark E. Kelly (Captain, USN)
Gregory H. Johnson (Colonel, USAF, Ret.)
E. M. “Mike”Fincke (Colonel, USAF)
Andrew J. Feustel (Ph.D.)
Roberto Vittori(Italian Air Force Colonel)
Gregory Errol Chamitoff (Ph.D.)
AMS astronauts
The issues of antimatter in the universe and the origin of Dark Matter probe the foundations of modern physics.
The Cosmos is the Ultimate Laboratory.Cosmic rays can be observed at energies higher than any accelerator.
AMS februady 26th 2011
The most exciting objective of AMS is to probe the unknown; to search for phenomena which exist in nature that we have
not yet imagined nor had the tools to discover.
y96402nac.ppt
Facility Original purpose,Expert Opinion
Discovery withPrecision Instrument
Brookhaven π N interactionsνe, νμ
CP violation,J
FNAL Neutrino physics b, t quarks
SLAC Spear ep, QED Scaling, Ψ, τ
PETRA t quark Gluon
Super Kamiokande Proton decay Neutrino oscillations
AMS on ISS Dark Matter, AntimatterStrangelets,… ?
Hubble SpaceTelescope
Galacticsurvey
Curvature of the universe, dark energy
P.S. CERN π N interactions Neutral Currents -> Z, W
Exploring a new territory with a precision instrument is the key to discovery.
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