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The Agricultural Sector of LebanonThe Agricultural Sector of LebanonThe Agricultural Sector of LebanonThe Agricultural Sector of Lebanon
Fidèle ByiringiroFidèle ByiringiroFidèle ByiringiroFidèle Byiringiro
Productive Sectors SectionProductive Sectors SectionProductive Sectors SectionProductive Sectors Section
Sustainable Development and Productivity DivisionSustainable Development and Productivity DivisionSustainable Development and Productivity DivisionSustainable Development and Productivity Division
National Consultation on National Consultation on National Consultation on National Consultation on MicroinsuranceMicroinsuranceMicroinsuranceMicroinsurance as a as a as a as a
Tool for Extending Social ProtectionTool for Extending Social ProtectionTool for Extending Social ProtectionTool for Extending Social Protection
Beirut, Lebanon, 1 October 2013
Sustainable Development and Productivity DivisionSustainable Development and Productivity DivisionSustainable Development and Productivity DivisionSustainable Development and Productivity Division
Agriculture at a glanceLebanon ESCWA Arab region
Agricultural area % total land 39 19 24 Irrigated area % agricultural area 29 6 3 Agricultural labor % total labor 3 22 29 Population/agric labor Pop/Ag labor 115 12 9 Agricultural population % total population 2 24 30 Rural population % total population 11 45 45 Rural population % total population 11 45 45 Fertilizer Tons/ha 40 27 9 Machinery 1000/Ha 21 3 2 Agriculture production % Growth (base 1999-2001) (0.3)Food production % Growth (base 1999-2001) (0.3)Agriculture GDP % GDP 7 6 8 Agriculture GDP Per Agric Population ($) 14,867 1,101 861 Wheat Self-sufficiency ratios (%) 23 59 49
2222
Source: FAOSTAT (2010)
Main agricultural areas
• Coastal stripCoastal stripCoastal stripCoastal strip: citrus, banana
& horticulture & greenhouse
production
• AkkarAkkarAkkarAkkar plain with upper plain with upper plain with upper plain with upper
Mount LebanonMount LebanonMount LebanonMount Lebanon: cereals,
potatoes, grapes &
vegetables
• BekaaBekaaBekaaBekaa valleyvalleyvalleyvalley: potatoes,
grains, fruits & vegetables
AkkarAkkarAkkarAkkar plain &plain &plain &plain &
upper Mount upper Mount upper Mount upper Mount
LebanonLebanonLebanonLebanon
3333
grains, fruits & vegetables
• Mountainous regionMountainous regionMountainous regionMountainous region:
orchards & vegetables
• Western slope of AntiWestern slope of AntiWestern slope of AntiWestern slope of Anti----
Lebanon rangeLebanon rangeLebanon rangeLebanon range: grapes,
olives & cherries
• Southern hillsSouthern hillsSouthern hillsSouthern hills: olives,
tobacco, almonds & grains
Southern Southern Southern Southern
hillshillshillshills
Source: CDR (2005)
Water vulnerability
Year Irrigated area
(1000 ha)
Total water (Mm3/year)
2005 160 1,140
2010 190 1,280
2015 195 1,450
2020 195 1,450
4444
2025 212 1,272
2030 235 1,410
Source: CDR (2005)
Increasing water scarcity and
agriculture intensification
should lead to more demand
for irrigation
Source: CDR (2005)
Urbanization risk
• High pressure on cultivated
land
• More intensification: more
chemical use, increased
water for irrigation, etc.
• Increasing water demand to
meet water demand in the
domestic and industrial
sector. MoE estimate that
5555
sector. MoE estimate that
by 2015 a little bit more
than 30% of water will be
used for other activities
Source: UNDP/MoE (2010)
Agriculture at a glanceLebanon ESCWA Arab region
Agricultural area % total land 39 19 24 Irrigated area % agricultural area 29 6 3 Agricultural labor % total labor 3 22 29 Population/agric labor Pop/Ag labor 115 12 9 Agricultural population % total population 2 24 30 Rural population % total population 11 45 45 Rural population % total population 11 45 45 Fertilizer Tons/ha 40 27 9 Machinery 1000/Ha 21 3 2 Agriculture production % Growth (base 1999-2001) (0.3)Food production % Growth (base 1999-2001) (0.3)Agriculture GDP % GDP 7 6 8 Agriculture GDP Per Agric Population ($) 14,867 1,101 861 Wheat Self-sufficiency ratios (%) 23 59 49
6666
Source: FAOSTAT (2010)
Distribution of farms
Southern hills 22%Southern hills 22%Southern hills 22%Southern hills 22% AkkarAkkarAkkarAkkar plain &plain &plain &plain &
upper Mount upper Mount upper Mount upper Mount
Lebanon: 26%Lebanon: 26%Lebanon: 26%Lebanon: 26%
BekaaBekaaBekaaBekaa valley + valley + valley + valley +
antiantiantianti----Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon
7777
antiantiantianti----Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon
range: 43%range: 43%range: 43%range: 43%
Source: MoA et al (2012)
Farm sizes
Average Average ((avgavg) size) size: 13.6 : 13.6 dunumdunumHighest Highest avgavg BekaaBekaa: 29 : 29 dunumdunumLowest Lowest avgavg Mount Lebanon: 6.6 Mount Lebanon: 6.6 dunumdunum
e.g., Potatoes:
2% of farmers with farm size
8888
2% of farmers with farm size
> 200 dunum produce
32% of total production
Source: MoA et al (2012)
Other issues (risks)
• Age: < 35 years 11% & > 65 years: 23%
• Social security: 75% have no access
• Second income: None for about 50%
• Extension services: less than 11% receive it
but 86% get it through input providersbut 86% get it through input providers
• Cooperatives: 96% do not belong to one
• Credit: only 1% of farmers used it
• Irrigation: about 50% use some form of
irrigation
9999
Source: MoA et al (2012)
Agriculture at a glanceLebanon ESCWA Arab region
Agricultural area % total land 39 19 24 Irrigated area % agricultural area 29 6 3 Agricultural labor % total labor 3 22 29 Population/agric labor Pop/Ag labor 115 12 9 Agricultural population % total population 2 24 30 Rural population % total population 11 45 45 Rural population % total population 11 45 45 Fertilizer Tons/ha 40 27 9 Machinery 1000/Ha 21 3 2 Agriculture production % Growth (base 1999-2001) (0.3)Food production % Growth (base 1999-2001) (0.3)Agriculture GDP % GDP 7 6 8 Agriculture GDP Per Agric Population ($) 14,867 1,101 861 Wheat Self-sufficiency ratios (%) 23 59 49
10101010
Source: FAOSTAT (2010)
Agriculture value chain map
11111111
Source: ESCWA (Forthcoming)
Issues in value chains
Daman (intermediary):
• Buys entire production well before harvest
taking in charge all remaining activities until
harvest
• Farmers (mostly small holders) get low • Farmers (mostly small holders) get low
prices but are guaranteed a fixed income
and early in the season
ALTERNATIVE
• Potential of getting a higher price at the end
of the season but at with risk/uncertainty
12121212
World agricultural prices
13131313
Source: OECD/FAO (2011)
Losses & wastes
Fruits & vegetablesFruits & vegetables
14141414
Source: Adapted from Gustavsson et al (2011)
Logistic costs
15151515
Source: Adapted from World Bank & FAO (2011)
Role of government
• Setting proper laws and an adequate
environment for financing and innovation
(innovative financial products)
• Supporting farmers esp. small holders (to
access credit and other products)access credit and other products)
• Ensuring a good flow of information
(particularly towards small farmers)
• Developing & strengthening rural
infrastructures
16161616
Concluding remarks
• Impact of climate change will greatly impact
agriculture
• Investments (both from private and public
sector) are still low given the numerous
challengeschallenges
• Annual budget to agriculture: 1-3% of annual
budget
• Smallness of plots makes agriculture
unprofitable
17171717
Thank you!
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18181818
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References
FAOSTAT. 2010. http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx (last accessed November 2010)
OECD/FAO. 2011. OECD/FAO Agricultural Outlook 2011-2020. OECD Publishing and FAO
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2011-en)
CDR. 2005. National physical master plan of the Lebanese territory: Final report
(www.cdr.gov.lb/study/sdatl/English/NPMPLT-TOC.PDF )
UNDP/MoE. 2010. Climate risks, vulnerability and adaptation assessment: Final report. Chapter
2: Vulnerability and adaptation of the agriculture sector. Report prepared by ELARD for
UNDP/MoE (www.moe.gov.lb/climatechange/pdf/SNC/a-Agriculture%20sector.pdf )
MoA, FAO, Coopération Italienne. 2012. Résultats globaux du module de base du recensement de
l’agriculture 2010.
(http://www.agriculture.gov.lb/html/RESULTATS_RECENCEMENT_AGRICULTURE_2010/RAP(http://www.agriculture.gov.lb/html/RESULTATS_RECENCEMENT_AGRICULTURE_2010/RAP
PORT_RESULTATS_GLOBAUX_DU_RECENCEMENT_2010.pdf)
United Nations & GIZ. Forthcoming. Green agricultural value chains for improved livelihood in the
Arab region. ESCWA, Beirut.
Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., Otterdijk, R., & Meybeck, A. (2011). Global Food
Losses and Food Waste. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
World Bank & FAO. 2011. The grain chain: Food security and managing wheat imports in Arab
countries. Washington, DC
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