The Age of The Age of ExplorationExploration

Europe Encounters the WorldEurope Encounters the World

What are we learning What are we learning todaytoday8.2A 8.2A IdentifyIdentify reasons forreasons for European European exploration and exploration and colonization colonization of North America.of North America.

8.2 B Compare economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies.

Why did explorations happen Why did explorations happen when they did?when they did?

►A variety of factors all came A variety of factors all came together to make the time period together to make the time period (1450-1700) the “age of (1450-1700) the “age of exploration”exploration”

►Some of these factors were pushes, Some of these factors were pushes, external forces acting on Europeexternal forces acting on Europe

►Some were pulls, motivations and Some were pulls, motivations and things that attracted the Europeansthings that attracted the Europeans

How did these explorations How did these explorations begin?begin?

► The first to encourage new The first to encourage new ship explorations was Prince ship explorations was Prince Henry of Portugal, known Henry of Portugal, known as as ““Prince Henry the Prince Henry the NavigatorNavigator””

► Started an institute for Started an institute for seafaring and exploringseafaring and exploring

► Combined ship technology Combined ship technology learned from Islam with new learned from Islam with new European innovationsEuropean innovations

► By the time of his death in By the time of his death in 1460, Portuguese had sailed 1460, Portuguese had sailed as far south as the Gold as far south as the Gold Coast of West AfricaCoast of West Africa

What are we learning today?What are we learning today?

8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America.

What were the new technologies What were the new technologies that enabled explorations?that enabled explorations?

► The caravel was a new, The caravel was a new, fasterfaster, more maneuverable , more maneuverable shipship

► Older ships had square sails, Older ships had square sails, caravels had triangular sails caravels had triangular sails (easier to change direction)(easier to change direction)

► Bilge pump system enabled Bilge pump system enabled ship to float highership to float higher (less (less likely to run aground, easier likely to run aground, easier to explore coasts and rivers)to explore coasts and rivers)

► Compass, astrolabe, maps Compass, astrolabe, maps and other technologies from and other technologies from Islamic culture all helped Islamic culture all helped make explorations possiblemake explorations possible

Growth in TradeGrowth in Trade► In the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages

Marco Polo Marco Polo (1254-1324)(1254-1324) returned from China returned from China and encourage an and encourage an increase in trade.increase in trade.

►Emergence of Powerful Emergence of Powerful European RulersEuropean RulersWanted to extend their Wanted to extend their influence through exploration.influence through exploration.

►Desire for ProfitsDesire for ProfitsCapitalist economy was just Capitalist economy was just emerging and people were emerging and people were seeing new wealth from seeing new wealth from investment and trade.investment and trade.

► Religious Enthusiasm Religious Enthusiasm Missionaries from Spain and Missionaries from Spain and Portugal sought to spread Portugal sought to spread Christian religion. Christian religion.

What is the easiest way to What is the easiest way to remember it all?remember it all?

► The Three G’s:The Three G’s: GGoldold GGlorylory GGodod

► Although a little simplistic, Although a little simplistic, this mnemonic is a great this mnemonic is a great way to remember the main way to remember the main motivations of the European motivations of the European explorers.explorers.

The First The First G: GoldG: Gold►GoldGold was a hot item that explorers were was a hot item that explorers were

looking for, but remember that it is really looking for, but remember that it is really wealth (wealth ($$$$$$)), not just literal gold that , not just literal gold that explorers were after.explorers were after.

► Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising banking systemrising banking system

► Europeans also desired spices Europeans also desired spices ►Other natural resources would come to be sold Other natural resources would come to be sold

for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.)ivory, etc.)

► This competition will be enhanced by the idea This competition will be enhanced by the idea of of mercantilismmercantilism, the idea that there is only , the idea that there is only so much wealth in the world, and that to make so much wealth in the world, and that to make your kingdom strong you must have more gold your kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth than the other kingdomsand wealth than the other kingdoms

Exploration--Exploration--MercantilismMercantilism

Financial Reasons forExploration--MercantilismPrinciples of mercantilism: Nation’s wealth dependson capital.capital= one of the factorsof productionbullion (gold or silver). Anation needed as much aspossible.

Labor

Capital

Land

►Fundamental tenets of Fundamental tenets of mercantilismmercantilism► 1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money= 1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money=

power for the mother country power for the mother country ►converted into other forms of power: suchconverted into other forms of power: such

as military instruments, influence, and as military instruments, influence, and territoryterritory

The New territory exist for the Mother The New territory exist for the Mother Country.Country.

mercantilism

1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money= power

mercantilism

For Whom?????

► GovernmentsGovernments need need rawraw materials for products materials for products

produced in the nation. They get the raw materials from the produced in the nation. They get the raw materials from the colonies at a low price that they use to make a product that colonies at a low price that they use to make a product that they sell back to the colonies at they sell back to the colonies at a high a high price. Governments price. Governments controlled corporations and tradingcontrolled corporations and trading

companies.companies.► Governments regulated production so nationGovernments regulated production so nation

could be exporting more than it imported.could be exporting more than it imported.► Sought exclusive trading rights with foreignSought exclusive trading rights with foreign

powers and “new world,” which led to rivalries withpowers and “new world,” which led to rivalries with

other European powers.other European powers.► Established in the colonies for purpose of bring wealthEstablished in the colonies for purpose of bring wealth

back to the mother countryback to the mother country..

Think- Write- Pair ShareThink- Write- Pair ShareExplain the first reason for European Exploration?

The first reason for European Exploration is

What does Gold represent ?

In European exploration gold represents

What is mercantilism?

Mercantilism is the economic process that

The second G: GloryThe second G: Glory► Just like the first G, Gold, Just like the first G, Gold,

Glory was a relatively new Glory was a relatively new idea in Europeidea in Europe

► Came out of the Came out of the RenaissanceRenaissance ideal of ideal of HumanismHumanism, and the focus , and the focus on individual achievementon individual achievement

► With the rise of the With the rise of the printing pressprinting press, the idea of , the idea of gaining gaining famefame for one’s for one’s actions was more possibleactions was more possible

► Also, individual Also, individual kings kings wanted wanted gloryglory for their for their kingdoms, kingdoms, competitioncompetition spreadsspreadsThe Triumph of Fame, a

Flemish tapestry from 1502.

The second G: GloryThe second G: Glory► Spanish colonies were very successful in brining Spanish colonies were very successful in brining

wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France wanted the same thing.wanted the same thing.

► Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.ladder.

Think- Write- Pair ShareThink- Write- Pair Share

►What was the second reason for What was the second reason for European Exploration?European Exploration?

The second reason for European The second reason for European exploration was exploration was __________________________________________________

Define what it means by Glory

The term glory means

The third G: GodThe third G: God► Europeans have always felt it was their godly Europeans have always felt it was their godly

dutyduty to spread to spread ChristianityChristianity and convert non- and convert non-believers to their form of believers to their form of Christianity.Christianity.

► After theAfter the Protest Protestant ant ReformReformation, competition ation, competition will spring up to convert people to their form of will spring up to convert people to their form of ChristianityChristianity

► Colonization of the new world will become a race Colonization of the new world will become a race to to convertconvert native peoples to a particular brand of native peoples to a particular brand of ChristianityChristianity

► Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most activeJesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active► People came to the New World to be able to People came to the New World to be able to

practice their practice their religionreligion without fear of without fear of persecutionpersecution

Think- Write - Pair ShareThink- Write - Pair Share

►What is the third European reason for What is the third European reason for Exploration?Exploration?

The third reason for European exploration is

Use your notes above to complete Use your notes above to complete the Cause section of your thinking the Cause section of your thinking

map map BACK PAGE OF NOTESBACK PAGE OF NOTES

Exploration

Effects of European Effects of European ExplorationExploration

► SpanishSpanish Explorers claimed “ Explorers claimed “New SpainNew Spain” which ” which is present day is present day Mexico.Mexico.

► France set up France set up FurFur trade with the Native trade with the Native American in “New France which was Ohio American in “New France which was Ohio River valley to the Mississippi River and up River valley to the Mississippi River and up into Canada.into Canada.

► EnglandEngland (Great Britain) claimed the land along (Great Britain) claimed the land along the the AtlanticAtlantic Ocean called it the Ocean called it the thirteen thirteen colonies.colonies.

Major Powers ExploringMajor Powers Exploring

as as

Spain

Mexico, Texas, and the West Coast of U.S.

England/ Great Britain

United States colonies along the East Coast

France

Ohio River Valley and Canada

Exploration led to colonization of the Exploration led to colonization of the new world which shifted wealth and new world which shifted wealth and power away from Mediterranean region power away from Mediterranean region to the countries of Western Europe to the countries of Western Europe toward Spain, England and France.toward Spain, England and France.

Spain was enriched by American gold and Spain was enriched by American gold and silver. Spanish colonies were very successful silver. Spanish colonies were very successful in bringing wealth and pride to Spain. This in bringing wealth and pride to Spain. This led to England and France to start led to England and France to start Exploration and colonization.Exploration and colonization.

Effects of ExplorationEffects of Exploration

• England rulers desired to stake a claim for lands and riches to match Spain’s wealth.

• France set up a fur trade with Native American to gain wealth.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange : exchange of plants, animals and Columbian Exchange : exchange of plants, animals and

diseases between the Eastern and Western diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred after 1492Hemispheres that occurred after 1492

Columbian Exchange

Europe introduced

New World introduced

Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and chocolate

Tobacco, Quinine

turkey

Sugar, wheat, oranges, grapes, and onions

Horses, sheep, goats, cows, cats, and rats

Diseases: smallpox, typhus, cholera, and measles

Now complete your Cause and Effect thinking Now complete your Cause and Effect thinking Map Map

Exploration

Warm up:Warm up:

►Right below the timeline you need to Right below the timeline you need to define Colonization: establishment of define Colonization: establishment of settlers and traders from a nation in an settlers and traders from a nation in an area outside the nations boundaries; area outside the nations boundaries; European nations established colonial European nations established colonial empires for:empires for:

Gold Gold GoldGold GloryGlory

You are going to decorate this area.You are going to decorate this area.

8.2b Compare political, 8.2b Compare political, economic, religious, and economic, religious, and

social reasons for the social reasons for the establishment of the 13 establishment of the 13

English colonies.English colonies.Economic ($$$)Social (way of life) includes religionPolitical (government)

What did the Americas have What did the Americas have to offer to the peopleto offer to the people

PullPull towards America towards America

What did Americans have to offer?What did Americans have to offer?

Religious freedomReligious freedom Less restricted governmentLess restricted government

Beginning of self-ruleBeginning of self-rule

Pushing them out of Europe

What was pulling people away from Europe and

pushing them to the New World?

Religious persecutionStrict government rule

Less resourcesKing nobles owned landVery few opportunities

Untapped resourcesCould purchase cheap landTons of opportunities

►What are the push and pull factors that What are the push and pull factors that influenced immigration to the New influenced immigration to the New World?World?

►The factors that pushed Europeans out of The factors that pushed Europeans out of Europe are __________________________Europe are __________________________

and the pull factors that brought the and the pull factors that brought the immigrates to American are ____________immigrates to American are ____________

►Some migration is not always by choice Some migration is not always by choice but by force.but by force.

Can you think of an example of forced migration?

Do you think that if they were forced to move they are still immigrates? Why or Why not

Once you decide go to the sign that says yes or no or undecided and be ready to support your choice.

8.2 B: 8.2 B: comparecompare political political, , economic economic (($$), ), religious, and social reasons for the religious, and social reasons for the

establishment of the 13 English establishment of the 13 English

coloniescolonies..  

The Political, economic, religious The Political, economic, religious and social reasons for English and social reasons for English

ExplorationExploration

$$$$ making and spending money

Way of life –how they lived day to day including religion

Government

--New Merchant class: wanted to get rich through overseas trade

--Middle /Lower class: wanted a better life- could not afford to live in England.

-- Unemployed farmers: wanted to own land

Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.

Religion

England Higher class was forcing Debtors, prisoner and to get them out of England

Immigrants came to practice their own religious beliefs without persecution

Wanted to escape the King’s strong control

Get away from the nobles and the caste system

Rivalry with Spain and wanting England to be better.

European Peoples Gold European Peoples Gold reason for coming to New reason for coming to New

WorldWorld. New Merchant class wanted to get . New Merchant class wanted to get rich through overseas trade.rich through overseas trade.

Middle/Lower class: wanted a better Middle/Lower class: wanted a better life and could not afford to live in life and could not afford to live in England but could in the new world.England but could in the new world.

Unemployed farmers wanted to own Unemployed farmers wanted to own landland

The second G: GloryThe second G: Glory► Spanish colonies were very successful in brining Spanish colonies were very successful in brining

wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France wanted the same thing.wanted the same thing.

► Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.ladder.