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Africa Media Review, Vol. 3, No. 3,1989

© African Council on Communication Education

Book Review

Contemporary Issues in Mass Media for Development andNational Security, Edited by Ralph A. Akinfeleye.Published in 1988 by Unimedia Publishing Limited, Price 30.

This is a collection of articles, three of which were read at theInternational Communication Conference at the University ofMaiduguri, Nigeria, in 1987. It is divided into six sections,namely, mass media and national security, communicationpolicy and national development, media education perspect-ive, communication law, ethics and responsibility, inter-national communication and, finally, culture and technology.

In section one dealing with mass media and national security,Inspector General Mohammadu Gambo, examines the limita-tions of the mass media in dealing with crime and suggestssome solutions; Emmanuel Akpan suggests that televisionprogrammers should ensure that their programmes do not ex-plicitly or implicitly abet crime; while Ikenna Nzimiro arguesthat for Nigeria to join the technological age, its leadershipmust first fully acknowledge the importance of informationand education.

In the chapter on communication policy and national develop-ment, Ralph Akinfeleye calls for the restructuring,harmonizing, and rationalization of communication channelsand instruments so as to make them reflect the developmentalneeds and modes of Nigeria. And in another article titled 'Masscommunication Education and Human Resources in Nigeria:Problems and Prospects', he cites inadequate teachingstaff accommodation and text books, as well as large classes,outdated communication infrastructure, and poor salariesamong the major problems plaguing media training in Nigeria.

110

John C. Merrill discusses the history of academic developmentof international communication. He traces the changes thathave taken place since the 1950s when international commu-nication was introduced into college and university curriculaand acknowledges that although much has been achieved,there still remains much room for its teaching at the under-graduate level. In a second article titled 'Three Theories of thePress, Responsibility and the Advantages of Pluralistic Indivi-dualism', he argues that responsibility of the press as indivi-dually defined within the U.S. system is the only one which is inreal accord with American social values and goals.

Prince Tony Momoh, Nigeria's Minister of Information, discu-sses Nigeria's press laws from 1909—1984, while IkennaNzimiro addresses the issue of government press relations. Hesubmits that the press should avoid sycophants and purgeitself of praise-mongers, flatterers and opportunists. A U.S.diplomat, Bruce Koch, examines the right to know under theU.S. Constitution and submits that it is the duty of Americangovernments to protect the people's access to information andits dissemination.

Professor Merrill has a third article, this time in the chapterdealing with international communication. He acknowledgesthe positive developments that have proceeded from dialogueson New World Information and Communication Order(NWICO). Patricia Sharpe, an American journalist, vigorouslydefends Western coverage of Third World events, saying that itis not any more biased or negative than its coverage of theWestern world.

In a comparative analysis of media-government relations inNigeria, the U.S.A. and Britain, Ikechukwu Nwosu finds that inall the three countries, the government—media relations arenot perfect. However, the relations are better in the U.S.A.,followed by Britain and then Nigeria.

Komia Domatob traces the development of international enter-tainment and discusses the falacy of free flow of informationand its rammifications for Third World situations. In an articletitled 'Freedom and Authority in International Journalism',

111

Professor John Merrill says that universally journalisticfreedom comes in three forms: sate freedom, press freedom,and individual freedom. Des Wilson makes a strong case fortraditional communication systems whose role, he says, isunassailable in the effort to achieve national cohesion.

Yemi Daramola, in a critical analysis of corporate advertisingin Nigeria, underscores the importance of acquiring accuratedata on audiences, harnessing research, and organizing confe-rences, seminars, symposia and workshops to up-date know-ledge and skills in the field. He also suggests the allocation ofmore funds to advertising agencies as a strategy for improvingthe trade.

Finally, Emmanuel Akpan, in another article on traditionaltheatre, makes a case for devising ways of retaining televisionaudiences and attracting new ones. He says that moderni-zation of traditional theatre through a mass communicationapproach demands understanding of the grammar and syntaxof the modern media and preparing theatrical programmesaccordingly.

A major flaw of this book are the numerous typographicalerrors which could have been easily avoided through meticu-lous proof-reading. Besides, some sentences are too long.Curiously, chapter six which should have been on the role ofcommunication in social change discusses something elsemedia education:

Nonetheless, this book addresses an important theme. Thecontributions by individual authors constitute significant addi-tions to the literature on major communication issues. Beingacknowledged authorities in their subject areas, the appear-ance of these authors within one cover gives this publicationthe pride of place in the library of students and scholars ofmass communication and development.

Jerry Komla Domatob,Department of Mass Communication,University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

112

Africa Media Review Vol. 3 No. 3.1989

© African Council on Communication Education

Cumulative IndexVolume 1—3(1986—1989)

Compiled by Rahab Qatura*

Author Index

Author TitleVol.

(IssueNo.)

Year Page

ALOO, Charles

ADELUGBA, Dapo

ANSAH, Paul A.V.

ARTHUR, Atexina

Development of Telecom-munications Infrastructurein Afr ica: Network Evolution, Present Status andFuture Development.

Wole Soyinka's 'Blues for a 3(2)Prodigal': A Review.

In Search of a Role for theAfrican Media in the Demo-cratic Process

2(3) 1988 19—34

1989 6 7 - 7 5

2(2) 1988 1 - 1 6

Family Planning Communi-cation and the AfricanWomen's Liberation: AGhana Case Study

2(1) 1987 38—51

AYODELE, Olumuyiwa African Print Media Misuse 2(2) 1988 92—109of the English DefiniteArticle 'The': A ContentAnalysis of Seven NigerianNewspapers' Lead Items.

AYODELE, Olumuyiwa Objectivity, Sycophancy 3(1) 1988106—120and the Media Reality inNigeria.

* Mrs. Rahab Gatura is the documentaiist at the ACCE/ICDR Headquarters,

Nairobi, Kenya.

113

Author TitleVol.

(Issue YearNo.)

Page

BADEJO, Rotimi B.

BLAKE, Ceclal A.

BOAFO, Kwame S.T.

BOAFO, Kwame S.T.

BOAFO, Kwame S.T.

BOSOMPRA, Kwadwo

BOSOMPRA, Kwadwo

BOSOMPRA, Kwadwo

CHIMUTENGWENDE,Chen C.

Multi l ingualism In Sub-Saharan Africa

C o m m u n i c a t i o nDevelopment in Africa andIts Impact on Cultural Syn-chronization of Africa andits People.

F o r m u l a t i n gComprehensive NationalCommunication Policy forDevelopment in AfricanCountries: A Framework

Democratizing MediaSystems in AfricanSocieties: The Case ofGhana

3(2) 1989 40—53

2(2) 1988 17-28

1(1) 1986 35-47

2(1) 1987 24-51

Journalism Profession and 2(3)Training In Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Case Study

1988 56-74

Communication for RuralDevelopment In Africa: ASelected Bibliography.

1(1) 1986 116-122

Sources of Health 1(2) 1987 120-133Information Among RuralDwellers In Africa: A CaseStudy of Two GhanainVillages

African News In the World 3(3) 1989 58—69Press: A Comparativecontent Analysis of a Northand a South Newspaper

The Role of Communication 2(2) 1988 29—45In the Development andDemocratization of AfricanSociety

114

Author TitleVol.

(Issue Year PageNo.)

DOMATOB, Jerry K.

DOMATOB, Jerry K.

DOMATOB, Jerry K.

EOEANI, David O.

EDEANI, David O.

EMENYEONU,Bernard N.

ENAHORO, Augustine-Ufua

Communication Training for 2(1) 1887 9—23Self-Reliance in BlackAfrica:Africa: Challenges and Stra-tegies.

Sub-Saharan Africa's Media 3(1) 1988 149—174and Neocolonialism

Book Review 3(3) 1989 110—112

Compelling Impacts of the 1(1) 1986 20—34Telephone, Literacy andother Related Factors onthe Development of MassCommunication Media.

Value Orientations In Press 2(2) 1988 65—84Coverage of a NationalMobilization Campaign

Communication and Adop- 1(2) 1987 105—119tion of Agricultural Innova-tions: Qualifications andNotes Towards a Concep-tual Model.

Towards a Philosophy of 3(1) 1988 134—148African Cinema

ENAHORO, Augustine-Ufua

Film Makers and Film 3(3)Making in Nigeria: Problemsand Prospects

1989 98-109

EYOH, Hansel N. Theatre, Television and 1(3)Development: A Case forthe Third World

1987 49—55

EYOH, Hansel N. Theatre and Community 1(3)Education: The AfricanExperience

1986 5 6 - e

115

Author

GATURA Rahab

ISOBA, John CO.

Title

Cummulative Index1986—1989)

Social Marketing as

Vol.(Issue

No.)

3(3)

a 1(3)Strategy forC o m m u n i c a t i n gAgricultural InnovationsRural Development

In

Year

1989

1986

Page

113—121

66-7J

JAMES, Sybil L.

JAMES, Sybil L.

KAMUHANDA, Sethi

KANDAKAI, D.E.S.

HUGUES, Kone

LEE, Miles

LOBULU, William

MALAMAH THOMAS,David, H.

Preparing Agencies toReceive Media Messageson Rural Development

A Critical Appraisal of theCommunication Gap In theLiberation Struggle

The Role of the Mass Mediain the Implementation ofTanzania's Foreign Policy:Reality and Prospects

The Role of Research inDevelopment Communi-cation at the Liberlan RuralCommunications Network.

Democratiation des Medias,Democratic par less Mediaune Imperieuse Necesslte

Theatre for Development

American Reader'sInterests In News AboutAfrica: A Preliminary Reporton a Case Study of theWashington MetropolitanArea.

Theatre Development inSierra Leone: A Study ofCare's Project Learn.

1(1) 1986 7 9 - 8 8

2(1) 1987 1 - 8

3(3) 1989 2 5 - 3 8

3(1) 1988 64—82

2(2) 1988 100—114

1(3) 1987 6 9 - 8 0

2(3) 1988 135—151

1(3) 1988 8 1 - 9 4

116

Author

M'BAYO, Richard andMWANKO, Robert N.

MIYOUNA, Ludovlc

MOEMEKA, Andrew

MOEMEKA, Andrew

MURPHY, Sharon M. andSCOTTON, James F.

MUTERE, Absalom

MWAFFISI Samwilu

NWOSU, Ikechukwu E.

NWOSU, Ikechukwu E.

NWOSU, Ikechukwu

NWOSU, Ikechukwu E.

Vol.Title (Issue

No.)

The Political Culture ofMass CommunicationResearch and the Role ofAfrican CommunicationScholars.

Text and Context inInformation Production

Mass Media and RationalDomination: A Crit icalReview of a DominantParadigm

Perspective on Develop-ment Communication.

Dependency and Journa-lism Education in the areathere Alternative Models?

An Analysis of Communica-tion Policies In Kenya.Zambia BroadcastingCorporation News: A ConteniAnalysis

Mobilizing People's Supportfor Development: AnAnalysis of Public Enlight-enment Campaigns InAfrica

Book Review

Research and Training forRural Development Commu-nication: Adopting the Trl-Modular Training andSequential ResearchModels.

Foreign Media Coverage ofAfrican Liberation Struggle:A Content Analytical CaseStudy of the Angolan Crisis.

117

3(2)

1(3)

3(1)

3(3)

1(3)

3(1)

3(3)

Kt)

KD1(2)

2(1)

Year

1989

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

1986

1986

1987

1987

Page

1-14

95—106

1—33

1—4

11—35

46-63

70-85

48—65

112-122

66-86

76-103

Author TitleVol.

(Issue YearNo.)

Page

NWOSU, Ikechukwu E.

NWOSU, Ikechukwu E.

Book Review 2(1)

Effective Reporting of Rural 2(3)Africa: Towards ImprovedStrategies and Practices.

NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Book Review 3(1)

OBENG-Qualdoo, Isaac A Proposal for New Commu- 1(1)nlcation Research Methodo-logies in Africa

OBENG-Qualdoo, Isaac New Development-Oriented 1(2)Models of CommunicationResearch for Africa: TheCase for Focus GroupResearch In Africa.

1987 120-121

1988 35-55

1988 175—178

1986 89-98

1987 52—65

OBENG-Quaidoo, Isaac Social-Economic Factors 2(2)Affecting JournalisticExpression In Africa: TheCase of Ghana.

1988 85-99

ODUKO, Segun From Indigenous Communl- 1(3)cation to ModernTelevision: A Reflection ofPolitical Development inNigeria.

1987 1-10

OGUNADE, Dele The Mass Media Systems of 1(1)Kenya and Tanzania: AComparative Analysis.

1986 99-111

OKIGBO, Charles American CommunicationTheories and AfricanCommunication Research:Need for a Philosophy ofAfrican Communication.

1(2) 1987 18—31

118

Author

OKIGBO, Charles

OKWUDISHU, Chris

ONAH, J.O. andONYANWU, A.V.

ONYEKWERE,Evelyn CO.

Vol.Title (Issue

No.)

The Newsflow Controversy: 2(1)Professional Journalists'Evaluation of NewsImbalance.

Patterns of Ownership and 3(1)Accessibility to Informationand Media Facilities inDemocratizing the Media inNigeria.

Viewer Preference for TV 2(3)Stations and Programmes:A Pilot Study

Culture, Persuasion and the 3(2)Management of Environ-

Year

1987

1988

1988

1989

Page

104—119

121—133

1 -18

OSAKUE, John

PRATT, Cornelius B.

PRATT, Cornelius B.

SOBOWALE, Idowu

SOOLA, Dayo E.

ment Attitudes.

Domestic Financing of 2(3)Communicat ion inDeveloping Countries: APreliminary Investigation ofthe Nigerian Case.

Research Priorities for 1(2)Development In Sub-Saharan Africa: BreakingMore Communicat ionBottlenecks than Creatingthem

Responsibility and Ethical 2(2)Reasonnng in NigerianPress

Image of the World Through 2(1)the Eyes of Five NigerianNewspapers

1988 123-134

1988 32—51

A g r i c u l t u r a lCommunication and theAfrican Non-LiterateFarmer: The NigerianExperience.

2(3)

1988 46-64

1987 52—65

1988 75—91

119

TRABER, Michael

TRABER, Michael

TRABER, Michael

UCHE, Luke U.

UGBOAJAH, Frank O.

UGBOAJAH, Frank O.

UMEH, Charles C.

WARRITAY, Batllloi

WETE, Francis N.

Towards the Democratl- 2(1)zation of Public Communi-cation: A Critique of theCurrent Criteria of News.

African Communications: 3(3)Problems and Prospects.

The Stories People Tell: Are 2(2)They Part of the DemocraticProcess?

Mass Communication and 3(1)Cultural Identity: TheUnresolved Issue ofNational Soverelnty andCultural Autonomy In theWake of New Communi-cation Technologies.

Communication as Techno- 1(1)logy in African Rural Deve-lopment.

Current Debates in the Field 1(2)of Mass CommunicationResearch: An AfricanViewpoint.

The Advent and Growth of 3(2)Television Broadcasting inNigeria- Its Political andEducation Over-tones.

Communication Develop- 2(3)ment and Theatre Use inAfrica.

Mass Communication and 3(1)Development: ImpactDepends on Strategies.

1987 66—75

1989 86—97

1988 115-123

1988 83-105

1986 1-19

1987 1 -17

1989 54-66

1988 110—122

1988 34-45

120

WILSON, Des

WILSON, Des

WILSON, Des.

Organising a Television 1(3)Service for Rural Areas.

Traditional Systems of 3(1)Communication in ModernAfrican Department: AnAnalyticalAnalytical Viewpoint.

Towards a Diachronlc- 3(2)Synchronic View of FutureCommunication Policies inAfrica.

1987 36—48

1988 87—104

1989 26-38

121

Editorial Advisory Board

Prof. Paul Ansah

Dr. Cecial Blake

Prof. Cees Hamelink

Dr. Alan Hancock

Dr. Hugues Kone

Mr. Reinhard Keune

Prof. AM Mazrui

Dr. Joseph Mbindyo

Prof. R.L Nwafo Nwako

Prof. James Scotton

— School of CommunicationStudies, University of Ghana,Legon, Ghana.

— Global Learning Division, UnitedNations University, Tokyo,Japan

— Institute of Social Studies. TheHague, The Netherlands

— Division of CommunicationDevelopment and Free Flow ofInformation, UNESCO, Paris,France

CERCOM, Universite d'Abidjan,Cote d'lvoire

— Media & CommunicationsDepartment, FES, Bonn,W Germany

— Centre for Afro-American &African Studies, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,U.S.A.

— School of Journalism, Universityof Nairobi, Kenya

Department of Mass Communi-cation Arts and Sciences,Howard University, WashingtonDC, U.S.A.

— Collegeof Journal ism,Marquette University,Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

We acknowledge the financial assistance of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation inpublishing this Issue.

122

Notes For AuthorsAfrica Media Review addresses itself to those interested incommunication development in Africa with special referenceto the impact of communication on Africa and its people.The Editorial Board welcomes well-researched, scholarlyarticles, book reviews and other contributions in all areas ofcommunication for possible publication in Africa MediaReview (AMR). Manuscripts should not exceed 8000 words(about 20 pages, including notes and references), and bookreviews should not exceed 2000 words (about 5 pages). Theyshould be typed, double-spaced on A4 white paper.Three copies of each article and review should be submitted.The first page of the manuscript should provide the title of thepaper, full name(s) of author(s), identification (position andinstitutional and/or other affiliation) and complete mailingaddress(es) of the author(s). Contributions must include anabstract of not more than 150 words.

Notes and ReferencesNotes should be numbered serially in the text with asuperscript and explained correspondingly on separate pagesplaced at the end of the manuscript. References in text shouldbear the name of the author of the article or book beingreferred to followed by year of publication in brackets. Then allreferences should be listed in alphabetical order on separatepapers at the end of the article. They should give the name ofthe author (surname first), year of publication (in brackets), titleof the book (underlined) place of publication followed by colon(:), the publisher and page numbers, if necessary. For articlereferences, the title of each article should appear in singleinverted commas followed by the underlined title of the book orjournal in which it appears, the volume number, the issuenumber and relevant page numbers. References should be asshown below:Ansah, P. (1986), 'Broadcasting and MultilingualisnV In George Wedell (ed.),Making Broadcasting Useful: The African Experience. Manchester:Manchester University Press, pp. 47—65.Kasoma, Francis P. (1986). The Press in Zambia, Lusaka: MultimediaPublications.Ugboajah, Frank O. (1986). 'Communication as Technology in African RuralDevelopment' Africa Media Review. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-19.

123

Quotations should be in single quotes. Quotations of six linesor more should be idented and typed single space with noquotation marks.

Title and sub-titles in the article should be in upper and lowercases.

Illustrations

All illustrations should be clearly drawn in dark ink and largeenough for printing reduction purposes. All charts, maps anddiagrams should be referred to as Fig., and should benumbered consecutively in the order in which they arepresented in the text. They should be put at the end of the textwith indications in the next as to where they would be placed.Captions to figures should be written below the drawings.

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted tothis journal have not been published and will not be simulta-neously submitted or published elsewhere. Articles publishedin Africa Media Review may be reproduced only withpermission obtainable through the Editor. Authors will beentitled to a copy of the issue in which their manuscripts arepublished.

Opinions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect theviews of the editors or those of the ACCE.

Editorial Note: We regret any inconveniences caused by thechange in type face in this Issue.

124

Cover Design by Mr. Frank Odoi

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Telephone: 558254/554235on behalf of the African Council on Communication Education (ACCE).

ISSN 0258—4913

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•Qcce African Council on Communication Education