The Adaptation of Local Beef Cattle on Different Local Feed Resources

Suranaree University of Technology , June 2017

Dr. Bess Tiesnamurti Indonesian Centre for Animal Research and Development

Seminar on Adopting Smart Beef Cattle Feeding Techniques

I. Introduction

II. Beef Cattle and Local Feeds

III. Environmental Concern

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

I. Introduction

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Beef cattle in Indonesia:

Raised by small holders (2-5 head ownership)

Indonesia has a fast growing middle class

demand for beef

Beef cattle farmers estimated 2,5 million

household

Roles of beef cattle :

Saving

Source of fertilizer

Drought animals

Meat supply and source of protein

Indonesia:

Consist of 17.000 island

Surrounding with water and actually only

limited land available

Estimated population 250.000.000 people

II. Beef Cattle and Local Feeds

Population of Livestock in Indonesia (2014) :

• Ruminant : 51.72 m (cattle, buffalo, sheep,goats);

• Non ruminant : 7.69 m (pigs);

• Poultry : 1.917 billion (native chicken, du cks , hybrid poultry)

Meat, Egg, and Milk Production (2014) :

Meat: (2,925.2) Egg:

(1,752.7 )

Milk: (800.8)

( Thousand Ton /year ) Source : Statistics Indonesia (2015)

Meat (53%) Egg

(32%)

Milk (15%)

Indonesia ThailandPhilippine

sMalaysia Viet Nam

Beef 1.94 1.75 3.03 5.70 8.69

Pig 2.27 10.93 14.24 6.19 29.14

Poultry 6.62 9.68 11.03 41.44 13.98

Sheep 0.40 0.04 0.50 0.85 0.11

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

Kg

/ ca

pit

a /

year

Meat Consumtion

5% 4%

79%

12%

Percentage of Meat Consumtion

Ruminant (beef) Fork, Other

Broiler Other Poultry

Source : OECD(2015)

Source : BPS-Statistics Indonesia (2015)

Characterized with low quality and quantity of feeds

Using agricultural by product (high fibre)

Beef Cattle Feed in Indonesia

Common practices : Supplementation of feed

Rice straw + legumes + rice bran for beef cattle are practiced in some areas improved growth rate, post partum anoestrus, shorten calving interval (Lampung, Java, East n West Nusa Tenggara, Bali, South Sulawesi etc)

Main farming system

based on food crops by product (rice straw) , pasture and estate crops (palmoil, cacao)

Mixed crop-livestock or palm oil-livestock farming is profitable. Livestock complement other farm activities and the interaction between farm animals and farmland can improve soil fertility. Research shows that manure can be an alternative to lime for

reclamation of acid farm land .

In food crop producing areas, fibrous agricultural residues have become the main feed source for ruminant animals. Materials

that can be fed to animals are already used and this is particularly apparent in densely populated areas with high stocking rates like

Java. If materials are not fed to animals this is generally due to the distance between the supply area and where the animals are

raised

National Program

• seeds for several forages (grasses and legumes)

• pasture improvement for natural grazed

• integration between palmoil – beef cattle

• organic fertilizer based on beef cattle manure

• biogas for

III. Environmental Concern

Strategy in Improving Ruminant Production Efficiency to Reduce Methane Emission

STRATEGY

ADAPTATION MITIGATION

ADAPTASI

Livestock

breed

Feed

Metabolism

tubuh : pakan

Manure

management

(N2O dan CH4)

Enteric

fermentation

(CH4)

Balance feeding

Feed additive Fertilizer

Biogas Breed

selection

Balance

feeding

Disease

control

Vaccine

Efficient, adaptive and environmental friendly in Management

System: Livestock breed, feeding management and health, and

manure management

Livestock Mitigation Technology

A. Feed Processing : Ensilage , ammoniation, fermentation

B. Feed Supplement : Leguminouse leaves, balance ration

C. Feed additives :

1. Saponin (Lerak /Sapindus lerak)

2. Tannin (Acasia, Calliandra)

3. Probiotic (Acetoanaerobium noterae and A. woodii)

4. Complete rumen modifier (CRM)

No Animal Parameter Results

1 Beef cattle 1) Average daily gain 20 %

2 Sheep2) Average daily gain 40 – 44 %

Feed Conversion Ratio 20 %

CH4 enteric emmited 31 %

Extract saponin from Sapindus rarak

1) Astuti et al., 2007. 2) Amlius, 2004

Feed Additives

No Animal Parameter Methane enteric

emmited

1 A. Wodii CH4 from enteric 9.4 %

2 A. Wodii + saponin

CH4 from enteric 12.4 %

3 A. Noterae CH4 from enteric 11.6 %

4 A. Noterae + saponin

CH4 from enteric 19.1 %

Effect of addition of probiotics Acetoanaerobium noterae and Acetoanaerobium woodii) on enteric methane emmited

Amlius, 2008

NO PARAMETER RESULT

1 Average daily gain 30 – 47 %

2 Feed Conversion Ratio 18 %

3 Feed efficiency 38 %

4 CH4 production from enteric 21 – 40 %

Addition of Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM) on sheep

Thalib et al., 2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

CH

4 E

mis

sio

n (

mill

ion

to

nn

es C

O2

-e/y

ear

years

15 % Reduction

After mitigation tecnologies

Estimation of methane reduction after technologies mitigation were applied.

without mitigation technologies

Developing Selected Breed for Climate Change Adaption

Livestock breed adaptive to climate change (genetic and diet interaction)

Beef cattle:

Local Bali Cattle, PO cattle, Pesisir Cattle

Exotic Limousin Cattle, Simental Cattle

Sheep

Local Javanese thin tailed , Javanese fat tailed, local Sumatera, garut sheep, Composite breed

Exotic St Croix, Barbados Cross.

Dairy Goat Etawah Grade (PE),

Meat Type Goats : local Kacang, crossbred of Boer x Kacang

Data recorded feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), methane emission, manure management

Intensif rearing, Extensive rearing

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RESEARCH GAPS ?????

1. Feed availability at different AEZ (dry land, wet area, swampy etc) 2. Better adaptation of breeds (either indigenous, local or improved breeds) 3. Outbreaks of disease at certain season 4. Processing of livestock products 5. Socio economics aspect of farmers

Research gaps is problems an or question that not been or need to be answered

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1. Comodity : large ruminant, small ruminant, poultry,

forages

2. Cross cutting issue

3. Developing new areas as centre for meat, milk or and

egg production based on locally available genetic

resources

PROPOSED NETWORKING FOR REGIONAL ASIA