the action of digitoxin on some of the chemical constituents of … · 2017. 1. 4. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Loyola University ChicagoLoyola eCommons
Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations
1954
The Action of Digitoxin on Some of the ChemicalConstituents of the Dog MyocardiumJohn RebarLoyola University Chicago
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion inMaster's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.Copyright © 1954 John Rebar
Recommended CitationRebar, John, "The Action of Digitoxin on Some of the Chemical Constituents of the Dog Myocardium" (1954). Master's Theses. Paper861.http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/861
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ewl poe.in, A.'ft! (B0b4., 19UI lila •• 1133; .10ker, lealll
Mall:olstratJ.eOf.oar41ac&1."..148 •• 1;N~tlWl)H&JUl..1a.
8 J;"'G~ t4 ~.l con.-.o'U1'" wl ... 8OI"J."U~ lnot'WlM in ox __ .Qll~'lon 'hlokar, 19.). UD4u euh oon41'\ioa 1'0
eat\ AJfiI b r'o.,t0re4 to nor_l. In Spa_MOUe t.,11ure indued byenutbGtloe t.A ..
brM1"'t-1Wl8 ;p'GpG"tlon Il.otlo&eiJle on(u:'~u in .fO eM Uir ue ntrb
~ by l1On-toX1e 4 ... 8 ot eaMi •• 61100814 •• ,~ ... ,
1M9).
With ftl8J'd to tol." <J.oa,e Of the dl:'Q8,Ghcmaaa .eo
~~8 (1"') ~ ...... tu1e 4f,., Gt0aJ'41M sll'ooaUos
_ --.liaA l.leertat 1D 1.., 11O" adwuloe4 _.s-. 1s Oher4l(J~
1H4 b,. e 4epl."loa or t.l10 ene~loh 1*0._" 8tor.. 01",-81th_ A!at'.in or .-beiD lntuaSOU to 4__ (0 •• _./11& .• WOU.n*,~or, 1.1) 8 -!'~ dopletion or .PO OOOUl"G With 'ttl.
onpt of ",ulouJ.~ t'llJJ<111etlon, au. 'tho AW .on_ll~ 18 an 81gxdtlosJ11:17 el~. 'l'!uI _ .. ruul't.t be". ~tOWl4 111 the
b~Wl6 prepere'lcm or 'lb. ~n pohotl44 Wltb ouabain ..
11 •
tU.soxin (lOlien~, 1948).. Xu t.he iao1~ted o8'h_~ petwJat.,
ri'tib R1npr'. aolutfion .. oon"re($t~produC1a8 doses of stro
p.un~n oe.\WO $ &Q\ 1088 otPC et'dl .. _ a ~ .. l"e4uotloa Oft
lIi'1lf~ (O.l-Chli •• /4. $\ropbGAuu.n, waloka!*, 1_) .•
Wo ~r1_ tb.ae studt.. 1't oan be _14 tM't; a DOn.
toal0 408$ of oadlec do,,eoa14ee 4(t1eaDO' .pp_r 1;0 e,lt~ the
OQuentr-etloa at l~ on4 AJf]J b intact animel 08 wU De m t:be
non-re11,1ne llMrt-lune or 1a01.tM ~H ~.tlcm. J.~
the bcmn in .1~ber o:t theM p.-epu'tlttlou tdtJ!i suob ~ _,
.. ~k" 48p18U_ of the ueu-rlob. ~pbe,". I" appear.
t..ba1l 1l:1 ., atwi, baa tb.et'ltot,1on or U10 4l'UI ___ .t.U4184 ....
• '1M perlO4.l lQD.iS- then ..... el ho •• , with 'be uoeptloa ot K~f e WO:l'~ U ... ) ..
,I, AU.; w2tJl!Dlt~ .OlDaUII. .1I"OAiLt .. HI Ja.tl&a MM. ~ the .dt.dQls~t1'* .t DOD-~ 40 __ ~
082'4180 61YCO$ldU. tbe e~ con,-' ot~. heer\. ...... n
~ 1;0 be WJ1MlI8;M '.bbl., OhRAtU. lMO)., ' .. neset
(ftbb1'. Liebig. liMO', f# DOt elp1t:lel1lDU7 .ba~ (re.t Xl.
mura, 1948). 1B tb. M'Gpar~ta 12 ffMj.I •• Pft At;}), r:d CliP
tod.ft 111 FOwl .. clJOOl __ .g1.. ia •• ~1ioneelU t01l ~
4.0,.. AU. .... ~n1~ ... 1 __ .\l~ _i_u.s.a tha'
tu I11Ooaen8toref1 1ft heart.. 11 ... , a,n4 akelotal IlUOla al'e
'apt.ted In c:d.mala polsQDOI v4 'h .1'"4100 ~?l."O$ld.lI. A 4eoreue
1n. tho &l1Cos:ctn OGAtent of ~ It .. ,. of n_ anA 4 ... a.ooutolr
pol.-e4 1I1\b. 4161to.d.tl out .~~nthillo 1a Q~i(l'G4 w1th
• eort-a~PQn<U.~" ~haQ 3:'1_ 1D l&otlo •• 14 lObar .. " 1940).
Ol.UCO&- IWAld'Uo .014 u.\.UlatiOA 111 ~ bUrt 1n
., fte$bl.l prGptll"et1 .8 1IIlU d 1n a .~~~~lY 4e .. w-t.1n& hf)$rt-ltLUI pre:Pfd1'e'tlOQ 18 ~~kc41J' 1OO:.r~04f at. O,>f_taat. "JOB
l~·, by c~1d C1~14ea(Q~. 1£ND. *1'a~. 1M2).
AD. ~.tKl Qt. .. of l.ooUo ae1d b~' no" PJ'r.vlo
'0014 1n on Sael.aWd ftoI; u~'" in • aa41u.m oon_ml~ 41811814
.s O~8"e(i 'b1 "_<mea (1948). ~ ."tboroonolUi484 aI.nM \be
~ ",_k. ~1n ~~oo that 'the • __ leota_ OOa8~
1a DOt ul41~, but Ie cottve~ tlo glJ't}.e~.
fbe litetJ~ UNa $l.¥~r. to 1f441o*tiO ~, 8l.JO~
u.tUlzG'Ucn ., __ ~&!M4 •. de0rM8_ •. or UD.O~. awl laOtlo
.014 u'ttW.'iOa ., be 1Dorea~ 'b1 ~Pft;t.l. ~ot OU"4SAO
81~14... .An u.~ Sa 18cUo .-t4 :p:-04UG'Um =:t be _.
peo~. pe%"Uo~~17 Ct. \exto ltfge18 of \b.O ~ de naOhl4.,
•• AIlIQis.L4ltl!i&aA ,,~lAtL_,.A!ltaUla, ~ ~1mentl!ll ~u obtainfKl 'b7 .(bdn~to1·1~
~.peutlo 40"8 ot ~l'all. em. "..,. po .... l •• <Jt1,'.n. of ...
bean an OOD'trcnre2:'slral. AlGOj tbee 1 • ..,. 4.1oe~e~7 1D. tl»
1.1t.e:ture on the o1 .. ~ GOti.'Iantot tM 11_,., in p8tlenu
"flus 'Of b.eart tallt.U--e.
13 .. A a\~ih" 4ao1" __ 01 quell1;1oDa'bl.ll .igaltl .... _ no
o~. in t:be 'POtos~tum o~ Ott til. in .. , 40C en04 lute"" Get.
Jlt.voeert\lum htl$ been ~ UWI" the aa!al .• Veii1oa ot a ~
petitio 40$. of' ~ oaft1.. 81.J'Oo..'il~. '01 ~ •• tla~
(1110) ftM 'by fIe44 (1941) napeo'i'ft1y, ~ natbp. ~.
&N no' _p~ '" Bo,,-or Gnll Folooutc'" tlNG). Who he". I"e-
1~e4 'that, ~Pft"l. 408iit1.N of 411{1ttllb hor_ •• t.. .. po..
_.ai_ .. 'Hat of tb.e ~ of lnteot oeta. 1ft ~.1r ~.
aen\8 U06'* _" ueed. a 01\\111101$ .... 4ifJltaliH4 wlthtod.o
40f.Me or4Saltolue 04 tho 40,. Of'tbe ~"1f'4t:m't. !t',bo otbe ..
• _ reoelTe4 1nve,.,~" 4.dJ.,. ~PR'l. dN&8 at 4131-
tal ... M_ 6 per1040t I to I 4$1' ••
After \he dmiQi.V,:~,.1oa 01' theJlOpwtl ...... or 4J.rJ.tal18 'tbe 1aloo4 ttM~ et ~ _ ... (1M8) bJ410ate
" loo8 .f po~l_ ftom Wle Man _ l~ 1ft a~~lIDg pr.,.. N'ion. 'tile 0S1"41" "toad_ .~ 1AtC~t ~d all'b1'
~ 1.,..._ 81'tv 't1ler.,.,Qtlo dOMS or 41elto:dD ~b1 -
t1'aJ13.e to fed 'af!J,./Pf ot-tf..h' :wi' ~(Ba&-,t IN'),, WhUe
..... C1M1) 0Wl4 40m0utl'a-..no alsnl1:1ee:h' Oh~ itt 'lbe po
tuaSa ~"~nt1J.'l laolate4 $\;1'1,. or ~. ~r&. Ib.ue ....
tlle'l»8 ruul:t8 •• 4Utioul' to _plea .~ UDleq apeola
4Ut~ 01' ua. 4t.t;t...,. in. ~))aht1oa oen be inl'OlYM.
~ ttoBO of aieltalis Mue 8 4001"'_" 1n the po.t
••• 1_ GOnGen_a'loB or the· ~tI'1ouJ.N!t muouJ.etu:re of \be bee
l.WlG ~"1_ (\'1004 on4 ~. 1 •• ), tM "«llls.MOrn ~ beG" of ft'bbl~ (BaSB. 1939), leola,,*, .trlps Of ..... lou.J.e
muoulature of tr.ba turUe (we44. 1989). ant .t.rUte4 _"1.
(O."MU.$rA Goo4G1l. 10lf).
Jut a ~r131n& 13t8' .. n' 1t OM beu:SA the, art_ ~peut10 d~ of .:r418o IltllCOsid •• tho pottlsni. OOUt4nt a tbAt boal'"' .itt~_ ' •• u:uae •• ~~.a. or 1"er:*1D8 tJle _,WhUG
atte~ ~o 40ae thura 18 a det'iIllto 4ooftfJoe or tA1a oleotrol",e
G. M~iE ":,~.JW.lt.U&M11I."~ .1'rialWlaM_." l4R:IM1.
It \\tUlzat1oA of ea.~ 18 iltpa1re4 k 0U41M
re11un u haa 'bGen oonWdad b:r iab (1100) tb1a .,. be ~
fleeted 'b7 the action of oardfAo glyo~a14ea on tJle ~ "ot$vi
t, az $be J\~a. aaaoo1eted With oototQ"Qfd.J1.
la utrtlot.s 81t4 ~t_ or heart muaole " haa
'Men tOWld tbat oardao sl7oOld.dos t;', ,ttl cauee • aUf!;ht. !nor$&,"
1n the rete of 4epbo.ph.~Jletion of ill.fJ.:' by oa101ua-aotlftt44
a,olSA of i .. I~K-e" '~1.1. lt5l.). BowuvifJr. 1n oariU .• O ~1(J in
the pNeeJ100 oS A~8. WhlCh 1s not octlwW bl oalcium 'i~
anA J)uio1e. lK7} t1lA etfect or oat*dlac al1OOa14.a on ~'f1fJ!
eJ)lJ:t'ttns 18 bh1b1tc.»r,._ \'hi •• ~~ ., poa~lbly be n.u., au4
lIe,.-..bot's ~o81~~otlv8Hd ~~j-e •• (l .. 94a).
A, "JliIB~,~ :ED OG' _ptU!'~_ we h."o ~ to use· therapeutlo.
ant to.z.to 408 .. Wh1ell ~ IJ~ to ~ uaet hI' Deal:'bs. ___ , 1I.e1T1ot, 8fl4 Barnes (1943)" lor 0_ alna1e ~apeu'l.
'OM, lOS' or the ~s-l lA~ 4._ (0.'f6 fIJII,./1t.S. \)047 -1P') .. uM $tld tor ~ tau, ~fipw'10 40_, U.~ of the alt.iMl
u\ba1 ... CllJD) •• aOlld.ot.er84. Aa .. ~ ~;d.o 4oM. _
'd tM iSUl ._ .~t.e4 a1:t4 u • 4ell1 '\OUO 4 ... , _ Of '\be.
liLt) .. ,1'1'_ • .. 4iSlto:.d.A .. ob'talue4 tl'om AlJbO'" Lebon .. l_ In
the lora or • ~_. 70 mala tJl.e nee ••• n aolu\ion the powaer
.. lUst 418801 .... 1a el.eohol and ~.n~' to ~ wi. _t_. ,In .• _e1~ .P'O\lP CIt uper~w .~8 nt-a
..... 1 •. O¥'C" • perl04 0:1 , ... ,.. one ~ 01 4 __ r •• lvlnG
" .1~. ~PJU'io 40ae e,l14 'lbeoUl.. 4&111 the&peuUo 400 •••
tae 1nJM~ \"IC'e &lV8 lnto "h~U8 yem ., ,. ..-,. al.olr
J-e_. fte ~la wee ~1t'lMd 1A be. fP'oupe al. 3. 6, anG
, ure ... spootlve1)' eft_ the rlrst. lAJeot1.oa.l' WU 4eol4e4
11
• .. " 8 .. 6 tap 8bCMIW be ....... 1D .~lld.nI a.rWte1V
the eft .. " ., 4161toaia OIl the elleaioal oouU .. te 01 the
hean_ JD tile -.3- ~p ot .\Util .. \'IlaD swl_ of .,.1-
met<al t\.n.u.J.a wre 8tu41Gd ~. 0DtI ~81v1u4 tlwr.pw'lo
4 .... at.d tho other ~c dOH.,. lJa,ob •• 1"'1 __ 0 ~lY1ded lato
., -lJlsl7 end cki!lr J.nJeotod~. In eaCh croup, an1:Ml.. were
.... Ule_ en. 2 ad "4.,... ooo.vo1 u.1mau wore ~ .,
8ulteblo 1n~1 ••
m."trOO0r41~ \tOft 'uen boron ~ after the
~1.tratl<M of d!g1to::d.n. Up"n 8118l.1818, 'til. tt_rt. ra't4 1a
el'\hR Wl'liMUJ.e4, AMr._ed. or r~lu the ~. al.8o ftr1eble
,_" ObIU16QS '.r" ottaene4. Both theM ~U~ are 1n
aoeonGDO.e with the lltmNtt ... (Deur~.'.a1.t 1943). &lao.
\JUt reaults ...... 0 verla1)l.f)p the dOS,. mil) l'Mord1.nse wore no'
ue4 1D the wsluatJ.oa of ~ ett~f'.tlV6nOU.
A' tJl •• p~o1>rlato tkG, tll.o ~:toes ~. __ tMtlH4
with '.5'~ nsbU~l t5 ml./q.) lDtftip ... 1\O~ ... vach •
• _ o~ ant art1tle1alre.p1l"atiQu a.p»11.. !be oh.u\ 'f.a
O~t tn. pericord!.um BIll!.'. and. tho ~, •• exclHd '1111:1
"p14l1 and d::osP84 ato .. bMlUIr t'Ule4 .a a dry 1o_t~
frlnins; au~.
a. raat!U& .I£,,, ••• J1tI!1i ~ r',r.~,Af1IllI1J.a. At'tOI' t.boX'O~ ~J.as at th& ~t .~pl.a or the
" 4
len anA l'isbt .. trlel. ..... onlppet ott aDi "p' U 8aotheJ"
~ OODtalrdq tltG ~ ab, .... .w ~ ... 01 ....
or __ 1ft blood, papU1..,. muatle. ... epI.eel'41_.
AboUt 1.0 ... eeapl.N or Mob. 'ftmwle1e _n _~1W4 out tOl'" #l11Ooeen a_bale. !ll$Be B~}1"8 ¥-. glee_ lnto a tea,
tube oGllte1n1~ 6 14. of _ )Oteosla hy4rox148 (l:;;oa). AnO-. snm _pl.. to beuod ttlr 1041_ :aD4pouulum 4.",erm1_~tona
._ »laoed lnto • 41eu't1nC 'tUM aDd .'to~ tor 18'-~
sla.
the &~l. fer ~10 .~11.1. Ofphoapb~'4 ~.o'1ona,
.,1€,,h:t.n3 aootlt 2.5 'to 5.0 ,,~, \lIB. pl_,. 1n a preoooW ~
ana poa1;.l. OOl1t.a1n~ ..~ az~' of • trlOl~ora •• t10 ~14
(fCA,) ,aM _$ Cl1<ueJ1ed, ~h17.h Ol'uatte4 UM_ .S
tU'terM tbJ'ousha pJ:lO~»bO~ :rUMr papor bto • ooJA 80 Ill.
lNd_tocl &l~$loppel-04 0111Mw. '-ae i~_8 _abel ..... -
al t.J.:!»e 'wlt.h!CA. fAG filter ,.~~~ was f~ "'''pea''''17 wubal
ut11 • 'Vol~ of tbe f'11trflte Of sb:out ~eo d. _. reeOlle4.
~ rUtrato '.-'tUB rd.lWiI _11 bl uilJd.DS. ao .Ql~
I"8OOrd.~4 end M .11(11.101 of a f~ •• _ tHen ~or lAo,S.o $loi4 -_17-
.ta, vanererred to a teet tJube t1itl.d placed ill 'lb$ 1'"atI*l£';Gr;~tQ:r
tQ'l: 1n WI" ~~~lZll.d... ~e~i*Wne~ e4i.v$ot wa thetl 1l.u.tl~Ql.l~
to pbtaH:JlptbAl.1n Wl'Wl ~ :f.:cH, 'bt'oUSh" to a vo1W18ot 50 tJa.
a. 8to~ 1n the r$fr1t;t.re~.
SiMe ttl. pbosp,ba_ ftac'"0,t~8 aro 4(1 lub1.le. it 18
.. lapol'tan' Viet 'the preportltloD OZ Ule aamplA be oomple$e4
. q:ulO}:iJ', 8M to prwenttne ~"fJl. Or __ pboOntlt.lr~e (PC).
011 operetlons ,..... cteft'ld out !A a aMP flrcaeae •• 000.
o. ""CJ\lr .. ~\lt;m!& 1. Dl9l'lllll$!i" ~ • ...I
~ t~ phosphate det.erm.1netlons t".ee _nled
on: inorsuulc pJao~te lUl, tbepho$pharus of pb,08pbooJl'u'lM
(.PC) .. erJid the pboapnOrus ot denoeine polJ:pboarJbate (.A,lJJ;i). ~
4~atloa or inorGenl0 pbOephete 1. baaod on ~ oolor re
a.'ion of: .181::0 8tl4 Su.Wb~ (1129). fte produot1on of s akb1e
001= WbeD molyb4a:te 13 reduced 1D th~ pre"nce Of' &c1.4 lu tbe
be-:s1s to:.- tll.1$ r •• tlon.
lnm'r:Md.o phospu:te 1a prM1p1tatGd as the celclUQ
salt_ '11:J 0.2 lll1. of It 10}$ca~J 1.0 rJ... ottbe extrac' 18 $\4_
.. mixed .,11. ~ atan41ng 5 td.nu3$ at room t$L\pero'bllt"' ••
'he 8~ple 1n a.rrt~ttu€:~d forl8 m1~~~.1t.()B. 4,..&11\"". $.n4 0.& ~. ot
a.$ GaOls 1. addM. ~. pr~c1pltate ia c9ral"Ul.l1 mS$e4, reoetJ!f1tugl3.Kt m~d 'thO eUp$1"'M tent liquid ira 1tlOfl ott_ F1 YO 4rc,.
flit 10J' HCl d16801ves til" ptt'oolpitl'te and thQ aolllt1on is dilu.ted
wl Q 418tUl.ed l'tGt:::z; t.c 3 mt.
the tol~~~ color :re~ents are udded III orfler~
0." 1'4. ot 10 B 1faSO ... o.a =1. of ~.~ ~n1w4l mlybtt&te. 0.4 ~.
of tbA'i 1~_'U'1ns ~t. !1bc oonten'ta or. 'brOUi!l!bt to oi volUll:/O at
10 d •• nixed,end etter the full 4evelQpmsrit of tho cQlor (10
• ~ .. ). u.. umpl. •• eft ~4 aaf)W' • ~ m tm. 8..,.0-. p:bO~" ., a _ve l~. of GOO _U1m1~.
!he -' ___ U of PC b 4etfeftl1lw4. uSDa ~ ___
of J';i.Ue Gli4 SWlbaHW 'lv't) .. 'OJ' GUbtl'aoUDC ·tdle v84"'" tor tM
U tJ'om • yuue ObMDe4 a8 tol.lOWIU 1.0 14. or "'e .... , 1.
bNUl~' to 3.0 ••• G •• ml. ot 10 • JIa8O" fUI4 o.a _.Of a .. ~1_ t»l.,Tb4ate eH &C44d r_,peoU'fe11. '!Ihe "'_ ie ~
.. atont ." 1'0* ~.\UH r. 10 m1au1;as 1n __ ... eUott
t. tb.b~.U ot N. __ .Od 111.0: tho re4uouc ..-" 18 a44e4, ~,,. yoluaa (,10 Ill.) __ .~ .. color ~
clevelopel. Na4aaa1n H twlfGN.
Ibe _VlM .t JAJllaM (1_) la .,pUe4 tu ,he ..
~t.iOa Of ~ UJ! tra.'s... Mala. ~ ftlu. 1M 01)_'" lq' titt.enoe. Ul1e '$'" •• new. 'lDS ft1wt MUs .. 41tt~_
M~ a. ao ldBute mol.1*'- 11~1aS. WJ4 1me Q ~_ •• 14
~.1G. .. 18t;twu oanW wt •• t~. to 1.,0 JIll.
of ••• ~~ot. 1.0 ill. ot, • a 8 BCJ. U added and. plaoecl b
• --11D6 .-- be. r_ II r.d.mItu, ~ t;ubG8 aft fJOj))l._ to ...
~tNre ot.t4 1i.be t~ .... a(l4"', 1.0 .... Of .\81', the
__ · .. urd,. 'Of ~. o~ nata_ta UMtl pr.~l't t«indas otlll
.. .. tiMl 'fOl. ... ot 10 1'41. The 801,,'loa s.e tbfm. I'ed. 1a the
.peo~pbo"'hr •• M£ore.
a. BDIItI& a. 4.'~'loD ., sl1CopJl •• 11~ 18 'bue4 _
eo •
tbe metho4 at 0004 ..... 1. (198) •• ~ ... leo» slttOOM ~boI
(1"'.. the tub., oon'ta1a1118 tM ..,1. U .. mu ta DOW
plaoG4 Sa .. -_. be .. t. e PIl"fAM o:t 1,5 ~ in ord_ to
4Ssaol.ft ~G 'laue., a.. oem __ \8 .e _en 1'11-.", ott, utDs
81aU 'WOOl, aDd bJ'Oup' ~ • YOlume 06 If) 14 • .n.,. fIl. elique_
"" taka to _1 •• 14. ot ... 1oobol S. __ 'to ,..1»1.'" •• 111OOP-. la od_ to Mya «IIiP101;e ,...lpitat1oA. \be b __
8ft. plaoed i •• __ .... beth tm4 .~ Uto_~ to • boU,. ."
\be po"''' of "111q, tnew._ U"8 ~UllaMlr 'HJt01'e4, ooole4.
oaUstuge4, .na 4niAe4 ott. two' a" 8 _11 au .. Ub,c ....
lrala toUO\lfm to 11bGft1Wt 81uooee bfoa g1~.
Attr;,z- •• ,,"11.'loD of 'he ao1utloa, 1.0 JIl. eUqtlOtIJ
..... ka ,. •• (Jl.~ 6.~'s.. ttl' the Mlaea pl'OGe4UN •
.. eH.ll all~, 1.0 111. ot " "rn,.. ~, ~ Sad4e4,
boll_ tor ... U7 • minu" .. oooJ.f!M1. one ml. or aN"
tlOltb4ato r.g.,ladae4, ""MrI 6ft -.u. aAUea 80 1ihe t~
GOa .. _ .. ,.. dUu" to atluJ. YOlwe (I:r~IIll. Gl.4 tA_ en
l"e64aps,ut.b1eN.c h 'the .~pbo~ .. at 4\ ._ ~;tb ot
080 mUlk'dONll8. It __ ~U'4 ~u. 1$0 ol:ullOk 'the
MOQli'80Y ot the -.11818 '" a!.taulMaaou17 ~ .. "' of
.ten4e4 auooee aelu.tlou.
a. ,.,.,,»! Atlk Le.'io ulala 4.t~;.~~ &OOOl'd1ng to .. ao41tie4
_tkOi of aUler fm4 lamb (lt58). two tenths 01' • ml. of the
• tU""- 18 plaoe4 in e Ue&n, 42'1 .... , 'ubeto 111h1ob , tll. or ~. ~1; 111 a4dG4.,.,. eJ.,owl.,.. ..7<1_ af'ter thO aMl.loa
of \be 1m' a ml. , .. &zaG" ~, 18 .. ~, 1.0 l.lter
of oono.ntr .... BaSO. 18 &44 .. to 11' _. or -_. ".. ~ ~tve 1a ad484 o*, .u..tIt .qHOWlJ 8) OuSO.l ... _",,- 1.
beatel lD • boUlal _tor Nth tor • ~tee. 1m_ 0001eG -.0
'beloW SOOc in • I'WmSDS • __ lNIta. .. uopa ot 1 •• ,....,.I'C;JI-
4J.~ solution 1s 1l4dtJ4 btl ~_ the tubU ·QftWU .am. TAla I'M,,_' h Wled tor Uvi dWOl.o~t at trhe color ,...., ..
ee \ube& ee pJ.ece4 in 0 water beth ., aoOc tor a period or 30 a1autu. TIll. 1nouba'lcm 11WJ' ·be •• nted ou. 1n .... ri:.
"'mala. bel11D& • __ bflta fcUow tor a pe10d of to
aeoon4.~ Be ao1~l'loaa are eoole4 110: ~ ~tve cmI .....
Sa 'be ap$Otropho~\er a' a aye leDgth or 165 m.U.l~.
4'.~1 tb.e t1nue ~ __ ~ Otl", tor \11. el_~.
_.1,..18 ~ i11patGdebR't a ~"il In 5 ti. of CM~_.",
ao~ t.o ."e, smaU 'fOlUlll8 ,.bo\1\ lal..).
De 41gest 18 ~_n 4Uut.,. ". .. YOl.:w. of' ,II mi. .fJ1
10 111. of tbla d11ute4Mm-plo 1* UH4 tor 1me 4et4mlna'1_ of
8041_ en4 PG'.8&1d.ua la tbe Mrld.a Il.tGe.r r~ pbO~tv •
.L1th1u laotote 18 WI84 in all ~l ..... n lnM~Ml ekn4al"C1.
'~n ani IJeYu. '1949)"
A. !UAt!&a".~J9D ~,.~1I,1tI.t.U8II& ft ...... e"'1ou of' tbe pho.pb.a'- OOQpOWI14a of
eoatnl b~'t8 1. ~ in !'able X. ~J'Qd 'to \be re:.ulta or hllw:tbUS- W'bo also ._ml~ ap1oa1 t.iuue or tho lett .. _1-
ole '7 tbe __ o11cd.081 -~., the oonoentrot.1oa of lP la '
0.1 __ ~ ... :va 1$ 2.2 • ~. atKl 'ttho AilJ! 18 a., .. l~. lot' practioal purpo •• $.lt .,... ,ut ~ 18 DO _~eI
41tt_GOO. in \be'reaultia hoa,'the tw lebon_i_.
In ~b1q n ana In are :rep-orMd tl\e l"esu.1u oa tH
phosphate treo$,1ou oZ heal'~ fmal1Sed a ami *' 4818 at'.r t.be
In.3_t lon of • single thR'apeutte dose ot UGltoda. 1. •• _
of tbA't JaJ). -'blee XV ad" .~1H tt~ ft8Ulta ot \be Pllo... tft.,,1ol:uJ ot h-na flmIl~ a ond 6 48,. ftll~ \be
48117 tnj""l00 of thGl"apeutl0 40«" .. 1, the .tr~ or _eh 1n-
3M'lon MiDI 1&-' o:t the~. NoM ot \beens.-l8 .tud1. bIltft
4104 ~OH tile 'time the hur_ wen to be ~ tv aaa1rale .•
theM rNulu ere in ootl~lo"lon with' t.b.oH of
lU.Dttra (194ia) • ...., .>\\&dled uU,. dOOGS ot 41a1~ (U as./ks.) on tho Nt tor • penod, of tJlne ,.,.. with 'the lOS b.~
sa
111 •
Pl'GJUGtloa of WOllon~ (1148). 0111 _\h tbOtM ot Wet.okor . (0.-.0,01 _.1);&. aU'OpMn~) on tbe ~1._1, 18018 ....
t.ansa~r 08' ~:ra"l_,.,..... • .. Blns-'·. dutJ.ou.
(J.UI). All thtI aboft bwetiaOto1:$ _w~" ~'n~.
4_ ~ 08X"418.~14_ dO DO' ~\l4). alpUl_' 01'Aaa8-
m PO aM It.IIP tn." __ . AI _Sa polD1; .... u~ wlab .. to .-.. 'tibo taot
.... ·80 '1~ oompal"1fJ'C1'1 oan lito .m.o48 be~:fl 'Ut. Haul'. r ..
po2r~ ~ amt \boHot \be .,.lOU luwos"-Wra _'1 .....
..,.. Ia ~ 1nVO.'lIeUons. uPG'S:rIIntel 0i:m41tl-.. ...
4~' aA4 4-untio. ot upe1llenta wlth ~ _plioft of U
___ fa ... 11 ... n.tA_ abon , ... -.1 ...... , ... ). la U.
___ Ie ~,,, 4OM&8 18 --..14""'011 klp __ ~" ~_
.,.,1_ 41:tte:r... 18 fJAe 0Bl, .P:pu'(fl~' 4Ut.... Sa ....... aul._. A_tent ... ~ ..... ~t __ iMle t. lOt ead. 11
(table D. lV. end' HDpeotlwlJ") .... Ie 414.t o~ •
. ft1a -7" _tmte4fOJt b1 v. teot tlwt • ODe' ~. old PHJCI
"8t.iOfi of Usltoaia .. in~"Wa .sa bdl ... w., Wle 4la1-
tub Ia Mlu.1oa 1_ .... of ita ... S:n" - ---illS (SoU-n.1 .. ). AU o~ _l~'1ou __ ... ~ ~~ ~.
n 18 of IIQIl.e 1n'l_.' t.o __ tbat \he I"ish' Yu.s.
ololnalaoa't au 1M ..... 0W8 1._ <I.up 18 »e "be .. ~
... .-1010, Wllb ~ to tU 4lt't ..... MtmlMm ......
tour 4a, uS-.1.8 111 bo'til ~ •• tile tata CN· ~lo10nt ..
4tJtOOt any .1snlfl.fult ~.
In .bl_ n ad m .e ..... b .. the '981_ of tbe
p1t.oa,pbaM traoUou or Gl)er!.un:kl ~$. to .1oh a $1~.
toxie 40a. ot 4tcltoa1_. _ of JGJi. us __ .'.S,niate'rd. I\tItt
aDd to'U' 4&)'8 .t"'" ·tbe·lD.j .. "lcm ... altaala baM ____ s.-tloea. 1a Ul18 8ftUP • QQ' of '8 4~ died vd.tbln 1M 110 ... at •
.. -bls1- SnI_Uon. ACaIa \be PO traeUoa ~ " .rke4 4_~1 J,JlJI a. J:P IIboW' 81:," lu1p1tloat 1a.o:-.ae __ _ ~. ti\ e1l. ~ ..
roul.;'" are b "C~ca With tboae of CltM.\ aDA ~ .. tb.o leola ... nbbS:t ... n (191'1. 8114 _a tboee of WOll.., __ elMS). .., :t"ouad tt._ etf'Mt .t .Jtd,tel1. 4rup In tu,lo
408_ 1& thfI 4ce; bea~as prepen\loa .. won. 8. ill \he b_d
ulals •• dO .. '1") Me H ...... ,bat OOD'ft.'~ .. Sns ..... of a'WophaDt!d.a .Me Ii p_~ lou of APl? t.ll&D ;po In. tbe
1aolsted oat he,,' .~ wtth as~. _lu,&1_.
Beaulte of, to:d.o 1».3 __ '" of 4S&11iOda 61" I te,. .. nporte4ln ~1t1e mx. ~ 18 ~e4 ~J't A.P:f
e1~tl.,. 811. W 18 ·4 .......... :aao.. a ball ot tAo __ 1.
ft1:uo. Ja ~ ~ of a:niraol.., " cu' fit t ealmeb &lett an. ~ .. -' bloot1oa.
1- .a .... !apon81bla to ~.1n_&a tIop on -1.17 ~tll
b~ .. tlou tor .... ,. (loa' 11 M'O Of 134oce). a. ~1.
• b81ns $0 g .. , It •• 4801404 '&0 ,U.SOOD'1mle .i8 pou, ~ 'tt\e
a~"'l earlu, .14ell"11 the _,loa at tho toWl OnlOtm' fit
4lsU~O'tlb .am1n.1ste:ed i8 O~'1ft 61\4 •• too tauo "or the
anJ.a81s to "un1ft,.
b 8U111A17 «_ table lXIi' OD_ ata'. 'the' 1n aU
tho ~~~tU ~. PO b 8~lOdU1' 4~1 ~
apJ*!"f,J to be .. ~tmO,. t'or D ,..,. 1:atu'ft$. a:n4 l\.Wf 40. _, __
to be dear._tXt at eU ft_ b, toxic do._ crt d181toz1D,
a. .. Alli. st .ll.Id19lla .• 1mIlrJ!&Il11~ .IA\\..Jid!dlt 111141
GonWOl ftluh :tor 3l:fOOl- an.d 18ot10 •• 14 .. ,..
~ b Wable X. !beaG ftluO$ O~" wiW1 'baM In the U .... •
.... «naaobel'" aut liiUl4_. lt80.Gru1ekaMak aid 8JD"1 .......
1,"). It 8bOUl4 be _'*' \be" a 'fdA. range Of _lues 18 JOIIa1
te 8l~ -.,-,,_ abel- tlWtrepeu'lo 4eMot 41g1toda ...
a1nJ.a".re4 to 4068 'W'hl0 ero .orUlee4 a .. " «.,.. an. la.
.1.Uoa. ~luce4 no oMMGln «1.1OG8- adelS6ht ~ la
lao'O.10 ac14 (Table Xl en4 XlI). ~peutl0 40 •• of 4l61",*1-
elva 4ltUr tor a lid .. tap 01_ 40 not a1 .... 6l.re08- ••
leot,10 0014 eonwtit Im'~ (Ta'blu XlII U4 XlY). It. ~.
OM ~"8 .,.-.ata t. 10. and 18, Wld01l weN ta.t_te4 ·with
u 014 4~lw:da 801,,\1 •• it appem:'8 the ...... 11 .. ~,
ttIIJ al100SU _ 4 ...... IIUI. aNt leo"!o .014 to ~e... fte n-
~. riaeln laotte ao14 1s b ~D" wi. au .. ~-
• gctozoe ~tlOD.f14 Pl"tW'loUGl,- :anA SlJOoeeA 4.or__ 18 OOA$lt1tent
"f!1.'th tb1e Ob3or'V.t101'1.
It _s s~,l.lD.i to ~ "Ch.' b 8441tion to 'the
1t.,,"" 1n 160\10 _14 ooncont;rat1oA alao 6llOocen oonte:tt;
(Table XV) riMa a1p1tl •• nU,1n ~l.. I -rs erte a s1ns1-
to:d.o 1:n3"tl_ of 41g1~la. fte a.nlmela 1n 'tIt" P'OUJ) llaVG
'beea _ ,10k ,bat tbey were u.'bl. to at ~u' t.be uttre
~~ta1 ,.104. It haa bMa ftp011e4 1)1' ~ka~ U._" an6 Lackie,. (1M" ~a' tut~ will eaUBe an 1M",,_. 1ft ccr61_
1l1Ooge,. Oa the otbRhaB4. tM 61~ $n4 ld'S.. 8014 ....
Rltal trom. ardmue l1Yln8 " -16 attc a 81rta1- toxlo ~u.
8hOYt .. _.-keIt cbeage 1n .''''ooruJtlt~ (table 1.1'1). ..
a1_1. b \bta gOUt, W'$N .ppo~t1, .'1nB an. an Wtl$l
,...·104 0:1 t •• tlllc. .Aalu18~' reo.i .... ~te4 to.do tnS-tt_- I. I 4818 8hOWe4 DO o~. , .. b1. :ll'U).
~r1z1r.s aU \be I"erIUlta on G1~ an« laotto
8014 (Table XVIII) l' .p~ thtlt 418t~ 'MIlAs to Muee ..
~8. In l.acU" .. itt amt • t~. 1n ~ot1- it 'tbe ott .. _
Of taer'l~ ~ 'takeb\O aooouat.
o. .!AI.~_itJllI.~.l&&I"',~lH"~, O1.mtrol ftlUlM tor 8041_ ant po_slum 8ft toUfaA la
YablG XIX. ... .. lu •• ere oomparebl •• 1 ...... tOWl4 10 ..
UHI.'a'tV& (Be".. a;n4 Po1n4u~t lHOI WOO4 fm4 __ • 1lMB) •
. S041ta realM .moM or le8e OOU-ft' '!e~ ;g;,.xUI
a, •
l_lui ... ) b·\he POllpe 611 .... e1asle .. -u.r 1a~_UoD of . "!'$PR,10 40._. Rota_i. "... \0 nH. neahJ.Dt& • .tau.. tleall,. e1plf1uD' bOrM. b. •• l'18ht Yenwl01e 1n 'tbG poup
or NI)Mt.d lnJeo'"one ot 'bb3HPfttlc d08.8 (TablA un). tilth
repeated lr.JMtio:ns 01: d1alto.:d.n tor 4 da)'S tbe pota.81um. conten'
1a til. lett ven'tr101e 4"~.u (2able uan), ,m11e f;be OOlwen
"'loa b tbo rlSht YG'ar101. lnore ••• t fie ~ at Q .lr08$ to
.4']'101». t.lde .ba~. \'Ouo dose (.e. below) elao Gouae en in-
01"_" in tlaaue pOMsai_ .•
tfhe 1n~_ La :potlUulw:a oonteu't 10 1n G~t with
Sq_,_ l""port. (1959), Wl1.o bas 1*0un4 that tlleapG\ltlc do~ of
4!t;1tfl11a C8Wlie a tm1tam itl.M $~nlt1oM' rlH in thf.t votaaa1um
Oou:kn\ of leoltlt.Gd rabbit l\Ct&rts. ~ecs tod.o (looes prcdu.oe
• 4801"_$0 in pete.st_. lo1Cen4 j101n4ater(1960) al80 hew
"~te;;l tbat tl ~ller4l!ipwt10 40se of (U.git&J.io 1norMs.e ~
potaea1um oont~t of tl~$ ~1"U ot 1::}.tG;ot 00'-_
SlQile tone 1nJOCt$.Oll ov.r ,2 wld " days pro4UCG8 t;be
toUow1ZlS cbeneosl eQdlun abo,. Q ~~ltoo dopleticm. bl ita Oontctlt
Wb,11e tl\\l:,e .p~rG to bo :& t.endellGT ta:r: poteoelta 'lllo lnc~$G
(Table nlV .:14. lQ;,'" 3iaU6l" t""ul.t~ ~ obaGnad ilt.b&tl tono
4 ... wee given 4a1l.7 tor a da!f$ (Ta'bl. nUl. ~r1:lt1ll$ trlle n8ulte or e1ecVol~$ ('fable ~~~V1Il.
It .. :r~ be~14 thot In all groupa :l:l041!J.lB te.n.(,'H~ to 4ecHasQ lfi:.1l.e
po~$S1W:l S~ to 1nol-use \i!lt.h tU$ 8J4ooptlon ot t:tls aroup 1n
whlQ \be an1lala r"o1ved N:pe8t.Gd 1n~M'lons o.f ~peu'lo
40$" of 4~S:'odJ1 ror 4 aa,..aere. in the 18.f1, ftntl'lo1e,
poteAt_ oonG811trG1ilcm. 'eorea ...
.J.)()U5 \fQOlff sa lID. f~.
1
I
a
• 18
10 It
88
II
• II
a ..
14
14
11
10
14
16
15
13
16
11
II
11
l'
JI ,. • • • • • • • • II
• .,
19.4
1 ....
If"
3'.6
U.5
Itri
.9 •• ••• 0
a .. 30. 18.
•• 1
at.tl
1& 4. 21.2 .. 16.1 li.4
u.. e ••
so., ls.a 13.6
14.0 14.0 10.0
lI.a 11.0 11.1
38.1 13'" U.I
,t.l 0.0 11.' 18" 11.1 U.o
•• t U.l '.f 14-.3 11.0U.'
•• 0 18.0 18.&
a'.' 15.8 n •• ae.o 10.9 11.6
19
AJ&
BY" LV
.... 0 42.8
IS.I U.l
33.1 40.6
8.8.9 39.1
38.1 zo.e 18.1 •• 4
M.! 31.0
16.0 18"
86.1 ...
:u..3 as., 10.1 la.1
38.' 3ft.a so •• 80.8
'r.A.BLS II. co}'!(,}a~1'!~Jlb~10Na '.-1 fJF Plm.."il11Aili QO,~d:;;;;UNlJg IN ~ti 11'" > i~' . OF ~ Ga "~~nlVll» A :lfH t1kfiA:tIY~l'C ' ""':.iJ'l/..rU"{ ~,' ':J ' J~' wl'M .' ':,_ §' ': ' Iii ,,,' DOltJ.I. DU~:U\~l'ION O,g' ~~:m~rr. ' '. Jr!-, '.
DOG mOl~ IICtoou all D PO IiW J~Oilt Q.
BY LV av LV Bl' LV , 11 1.4. ., -.a a&.a 4.8 . .- 43.' 42.8
• 18 8.J, II 10.8 14.1 10.' 8d 39.6 40.1 ),6 11 1.& • 83,t at.4 4.1. 1.6 40.5 :sa., • u 1.t3 • a6., 86.6 4.1 5.1 . .. oo.a It 14 1.6 1& ., .. H.l. f.6 3.8 39.1 85.0
9.dLI W. C01~(l&{'l~2I~ ,_) OF lFBtHl!1lAB OOLU''OlmDS llj ttm H&\Rm 01 llOOS ~lUVI1G A f"· ., ~)a. DUlAftOli OJ' ~P.~. iIIIIIIIii!I_
BY LV a1' LV
DOG \fUOli'f IfI/DOfai sa lP NO. q.
• J8 8.1 • lI.a 14.1 4.0 &.0 .. 0 14.1
U 11 I.e • 30.0 "8.8 6.0 0.0 If.a :sa.1 19 11 1. • M 10.4 31.1 8.1 5.1 31.1 M.' M 11 1.1 • 33.1 U.- 8 •• e.a a.a l8.t
II 10 1.1- • 16 ... •• 1 &.0 s •• 51.1 ... , I • I r, •• • j J ".n @ II • 'II," .... f fit ... 11 'n f '1 AI • I 1 "J/Jt 1"_._. ,1 ... # •• 1.' r WI" l.wte.tP It .. It IR .II, II , &2 it J I I •• -. • • .. • .. .. ,. • • .. • 10,1 10.1 ,.1 a.a II.' 31.0 s. a. of .... • .. .. • • .. 'ttl ... ~ .. *'0.9 ;to.1 ~.8 ;Q. •• P 'fal.ue. • .. *' • .. • .. • • <.01 <.01.
'.fABLI D. CO~lA*flQ.i\"ia , .. ) 06 11' ("J; )iWJaAI~ OOlfWOUflDa II ~ ~ Olt DOO8 RiCJUVDiO 00SifS. J.iUBAUOB O' .a.PaD4lftl.
DOG &I.1f _/»OWl sa XP IO. 18.
BY .L' 16 1.0 ,. II. a.f .. 1.0 " at., a'l.1
16 1.0 • at .. lII.t
I 0.0 • M. -.s Ja 0.' » WI.1i a'_I
JO Afllt
aY t.y av LV • .& a.1 44.0 a.1
11"10.' -.0 at •• 0.1 a., .d • .0
'.I 3.1 38.' 10.-'I" .d 31.0 10.4
•• IJ It,· . Idlll.lnlll ••• J ! 11 r.JNIIll!lil.tlt'ittU QJ] I tnl J In 1.,11' l."IIll"·! ·11"11'~1"" •• '11 1 ..... 1
Jrf itT , 11 0.9 III ... 10.0 a.o 4.1 If.' .o., 11 I 0" • • .l- at., 14.1 0.0 ~.I 16.' 18 11 o.t a 10.8 •• 1 1.3 5.1 88.0 a., .. u o.a ., II.' at .. 7.0 1.6 M.4 a4.1
• 11 0" II a, •• M.I •• • d 10.0 a •• .Ilt I. .,. •. III r 1".11' " .. J l ' .... N • I • 11 .fli' (d n t" J iF I I I '" , •• If I I. 111, n J .1. ~. .. • • .. it • • • .... ,'.0 •• a a. at of _ ......... -.ott ... 6 pYelu ... 'I" • .. •• .. .. .01
•
TAaLI n. OOIUEttTiU\"1.fJ,OD '--'I O'MiWa'wli.!j. ~UHDS IN 'l'PJI UAR~.S 08' .. .... oooa. DC.·. '~.;c.V.U .. D. A _ au DCa. llfJRA:fIO.R 07 :uRmt:ulIH'I •. Jal ., ..
DOG .~ _/DOn Wit D PO A:W BO. Ie. . • ~ & U D U . 10 14 40.1 II", ••• 0.0
1M 14 88.a If .. ,.a a .. .. 11 a.a Ii •• 3.- I..
ao u, 8'.1 a'.9 4.0 ad
faG l.O 6.0 8.' ltd It.8 .......... " r ¢ ..... i
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" t
11 us. 88 10
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Wt1IlJlUe •• $. If J -!!.e til" ....,., ~.s
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, noa&. llVftATIO~ 011 JllPDlU&tf: " , ..
'IIe/DO'ffJI all Xl' »C Id9
BY LV 11' LV BV LY 0.0 • 1f.0 86.6 '.a '.0 18.0 •• a 4.1 • 1:7.& _.0 al'l e., U.I 16.1 0.1 II at.' 8'.4 I.a I •• 54.' 36.0
4 •• " .7_' 18.0 6'- •• 6 •• l 36.3
'.1 .. 85 •• ..1 6.8 6.0 1Jfoh9 33.'
OOI~CB.U'mtlTION8 ) 01' ~ ~Ufms :m i9b; lmil.R~;. o;r UCl!llVllG ArWHI ~g DOk~sa. l)'W'U\,T10l'1 OF ~Sl~D~ • ... UJ~m ...
DOG WUGH'f ~ S1l1 D 110 UP BO. xa.
ltV 1.' BY LV av LV
11 8 a.1 • 89 •• 3S.0 10 •• f..1 U.f. 19.' ., 1" a.1 Ii 33.9 88.0 a.a 4.t 14., 60.0
46 11 4.1 .' at •• lI.a a.a e •• ..0 36.1 ., 1. 3.1 • h.' 3l •• e.8 8.1 sa.8 a.1 48 e a.6 " .,-, 1&.1 e.o 4 •• 10.1 Sf.1
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m~ "'!BRMJ::UTIC ~.&. fJ!OO DAYS
S~ ~ll~"ij"tIC DOa;I. JtOUR DAta
SINQlJI1UUC :DUal, lfWO DJ"YS
SDnUfO" .. IC llOSI. roua DAm JlAlLY !QXlO 11OaI8, !,W DAYS
1lI
BY LV •• 8 at.a a9.8 at.1
ac.a 80.0
•
Me ;u»,p
B' LV l~V LV 11.1 18.1 M.V 35.1
6.1 4.1 19.8 3'.fI ,,01) 4't0l.) (.01)
7.1 a.a 38.. 32.( t::.01) t:.01)
5.2 3.1 •• t st.t t.01) ~ •. Ol) (.01)
'.0 6.1:M.256.S f(.Ol) ~Ol)
8S.2 31.8 ,.. o.a H.e 59~ (.01)(.01) t:.Gl) (.01) f.Ol~
•
BY LV BY LV 1 fSI ,va 81.1 18.0
a '" ~ 16 •• 10.3 $ 100'1 ., 11.8 18.8
8 aM ., 16.' 19 . .8 •
13 1008 ~ 11.0 18.0
11 "0 888 11.1 18.8
19 ,. 166 11.' 14..4
as .1 891 16.' 1'.~ U 189 'oa 18.0 1'.0 88 f. t. lid 18.1 83 960 all 18.1 10.6
4l. '1' ·06' 13.8 14..0
45 • .fa 93 12.5 .).0.8 '.11 • ' It 11'1 IN'" Iiif: oW eJ II ,_ ,. ... vii' , .... (' t t 1 .. JM .1" ut I )'If. 1l'.IIM i."""I. ,Wi' •• ' •• I.~ j.*' I • " ..... -. • .. .. .. = :: ~:t. ~.' s. B. ot .... . .06
T.A:BLI Xl. Q)1~C'&~:4lit\1':(O~m ) 0" O.uYCO~ AN!. ~\ctl'lC ADm D 1tll~ It.ai~Ta 0)'" .. ~.·V.1NO A.· lItti"iH'j~iq:GQ OOtJB. DUUATlOI 07 ~Jl1Q~t ..•
:000 tU,yoooa :t.lt.al.C AUlD RO.
HY LV Hf LV
.. 611 6'" 30.$ _.8 9 101' a06 11.& 1'.1
14 818 '10 11.0 19.6
14.8 21.0
13.& U.8 .... .3 dll on·;., e _ * • ,1.1 II. __ i_il iI I J n ' ••• UiiVJtliIU'.Mt Me •• _'Ii P'_li .flIM' n'l
......... '*,. .. 8 • .1. or u.n ••• iii. p Naft. • • .. • •
co&,ra.~uo. '''-J OJ' GLt~ ~um LACua I"cm D .. mll ~m.· O:l~. s. ~1Vl1G 1M. ~ IISfD£ 000. DlmAflOB 01' maellL- • __ ... . ..
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at tot' ... te 'to ... e~ ., • 41ttGI'QDt " ..... tllU the otIl_. tmGe..l~'lv.s wU1 DOt be WIt. unl._ abpl,D 81Iplo.
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ap1euu... -'1'''_ ta tbe ntie O't aJDVtMs.. 1. tm:I.SkalJ' Sa
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au.. r:4 .llMn _ale. ..,.180 81JOOSid • .baft '*- fIIlOa to
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• pboaphatwaoo ~U1ob 1. not eo"'.__ bJ' oel.olc t~ anA
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AS •• ~~1l8Uoa 1e UI11t4~ Ut~ an« INDole, 104').
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b oal.olwa-bh1bl~ ~G ., lMt nlste4 With b\hoeUula.
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~ 8ou_a",. 1n the Hla'&lft17 Ns"lq ate... ., la,
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ot u~11i_'loll of __ ~rlOh phoa,uMe. ... ooaoluS .. 8ft
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aalta le cllttlow,t. 81noethe o~ 1. ~7-Z"10h pha8~\li~ _,.
1Ht en_ul t of \b;e tll.lHl..letlon a_ otb.e.r toxlo GMDSe.. rather
thtlJl of til(/) ~8~ 4!'US. per ••• ' ... OllaftaM obaeY04 lD
"hearts &1vu$tW.o emount$ r4 the 4rug ill 1IOU~'.
8 ... 1 .. WU'8 .Iallar to the ~,o 1A Ot.a" inVG8tlptloa sl ••
l\i:>n-1K'a1o •• well. •• toDO ___ • of tile drug.
It H of u;"MlNIUIt. to 'e'MnlUle tb.8 probable rN~
tv ~,. __ 'l.e "..,*1\$ obta1ne4 b1W011.n~_. the t:laJGll
41tt..-noe 1ft the _,..~ta rr. .. ~ ltJ~aw:r'_ .. 18
~ t1me of Ul'O." to thO drq. AlUt.o_ l' 18 aot uJl101111,.
•• ,_. l' 1MB:; be Uaw.4 he tbe & ... sty. ad "be rote_
6D1nl.'nUonot .. 4ftc, .. t 1a .. , of au 6qJWaea'ba .,.
b.eane WN flO' _po_ ... til. _rt1M 6110alu r.-~ than
.. hour. In ov ~' •• _,-.18 ... er.p0H4 .. _It"" 18Y~1. 01 tbe 42'us '01' ... ami toe _,.. It 1a quite 11ke11
tila\ tM elaa. imUO$4 Sa ~ ... uUbo1111a 1a .. __ ..
_t eu.ttiolGntl1' 1tIIf8t. _ Ollafta$ th. OOM.D._loa of ..... . _~B 1n flSan1tloll.' ,amoua'- •• opt a_ toalo COMa ~
~"'. the .,bot 01: ,1_ r~l 1_ tbe pan or the bear'
_lob •• ~ b<e .. 1781_ 18 aot prSJarU, illftl,..." etn.o.
the oc.moeab.'lona· ottlle ~Ml heal'to ~ atutaotorU, 1l'l
WOUeuHrs.'e fIm4 oe .. rlea. l' l.a ~. alao"'4J,soxlD
eM Gubat. __ , "ll.a~ 'WI84 _. 41e1tMs.a ..." in tJd.a
at\1d7 ere tlOt aCt1citEd'1U,. 41tt"uet ~ 80 .. " ror \he 4s.n.
... bthG~u.
c. at All&Ra,~1a ,&Ju._ . .I.iA l.IIUIMHa Ol,coe- OW.'l't*l'lt wnda to d:80ft886 a1l4 laot1Q _014
oODCen\ra tlcD t.1148 to 1aCf'OaM rol.lA~ tile Mktlu..n or asp.. taxilh, o~ work toes not Gpp6e to clee \he air GOaYlnolaslJ' .th r~ to the 8qmvooe1 resUlt. obte1lled ~ .tv _ theM
ohemloel ~a. ~1~ ,. haft an 1n8utt101.,, .nwabe of
atu.dl.. to diNl'i ~.
a. ...,41»5.£11,.1191&1 ......... daIi .Sth t.be pt'ol.Ong.ed oomlni$Jt:re'tlon of 4181ta1n .. wltb
todo 40 ... G,.l41ta'tcmda to dMntaM .Ill po~_1_ 10ft ....
lMnaee b tih6 ~t t.l.~ue. 'lb. pota.1um Haul_·ue eoatu. -toI'7 or tho work or 10,. aDA loUt .... (1940) 1a btao'
oaw. a4 of the ..-it la J.ang0b4OJlf't pr.,...u.oa ~ 1r!be N*' ~..OV neulta bee 8" an 80 pa-oaoanee4 .. to .~,
lailnte 'tne iJ.be~. 1n po ... i. WktOh migUt ... apeotd4.X-
we ~t .ur~l.1n& \0 .u that. tiaw. 8041_ '.r .... lB
• t.0&80S. l' mal' be poaelbl.e 'tbat. ',,-,;1'tiOXlA lae:na_ ...
"tUl.'loa 01 dl' Ie 1lhe ~ """ne.POJ"'ot ao4l- .8 Men
ahoW.rl to " U Htlw ~_. (Gollft7. 1M').
a. 1.H0~._!l. ae dlttwence "t~ a1.DGl$ e~ 481l1' 1D~.c'.l.ol.ta of
d~sltox1n _a llOtGUtflo1.,ntl., PMt .. ~, ftll1 tu ~
• oonolua1c)mh a1lill.erl;r t tbe bJ.".1';)1l of t~np$U'10 sIll to:d.*
~U of dl"US iWutoot studied: ez\enslftly oz:..oush to ellow .tl.
nlte $tfi~1:its to be !Wnie. In ~~OUGr'U. tbO tone tlQs~a ~
more JIIrked ch8.r~{:j ....
It is 1nterestl1'16 'to ob ... " tM\ ttlO Ohe1160a oo,~
by 'therapeutio &:14 w:1o oonoen.tr$t1ons are In 'be ... ·41raoUoa
!'hIs not DeOusaril,- 18 upoo,", aln" toxic oono __ \lcma ot
8tq 860nt mel o~u,so a saeralploture of to.Uo1~Y'. ~*
elMa 1t 1.$ obaol"'n4, 1t a~ne1.1 ~OGt8 thot 'tho ol1e.n&e
ettGOte4 in ~peu'10 fit~w.tta _y" aat"Xleir1S 1t lors_ ooae_ -"1<m or drus 1. si'V'en.
It 18 ~'t3ntto empbaslae '\bat our etutU.8$ lUll'"
no •• luci48~ed \be 81te .O't eotloa at ~ oardlBO~. aboo
Wo1lenbOl'ier o'baonOd "ftl1VloulOr t1brUlet1cn IlM Wle~d1a
before en..-s:,.-t*1Cfl PllOQute «O.P:PlJ' S8 "1}1.'Ml14 •. pl~f it
MY be po8elble the, SOM teotor wbid ~no" $be ,,'S.UMtloa
of &nCf~7-rloh phofJphete ., be 014'G':t.ne tho hctart 0.,11 lD
pea~ a~t. W34er the W1UellOG ot 41g1tox1::1.
~ r1Sh" ventricle M~ 'to be relc'lvelv re.lst~nt
~ thens- Sn enerey-r1ch pboa;pbtlH When ~1"e4 to the latt
ventrlole.Fel"h8ps, th16 1B r.18'~ to· the "lat1v817 8t~-tw
eeJOtlltJ' of the lett V.l~trlo1$ to utruM ~Q"-l"10h _J6pb.ate
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Io,.r,.l~ .• '1:" .• a_ Polra4UWI'tC.* A., fhO. lntl .... ot.DJ.glW15 on the. m.eo~te &ti4 W4\te lta14'ilnc$ of Uef.l't ~le. Am. Heart 1_. .t ~tl.1'):4Q.
Borer, 11. L. ~7," a. A., mi4 l»bUllpa. B. ,1J.& JUrtha 8tU41ea OD. ..... Role 0% ~1i4Ul_ en4 otMr %cM1n 'fmc llhospho-nletlc. of tile A48QlI.o ...... I. _01. ca..· t 1.'. 51 •• 1~.
~bme. w. A.I ftO Itt.- oZ llllita11a on the a1_tI*OO8rd~. an ~1mental SW41 on DOlt! aH Ca.. .A:I:'Oh. lnt. M84.t 43&6'0 t lilt.
BrehUf.!,: A.. _.n4 Qa~. P.: !he .1'''' or D~lklJ.s on .. ,. .. Of ~ ~vd1~ ell ~!aGU1 atutl' 18 ~n Be~ •• Aa. BeartJ., t, 604. lt3l..
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ca~, J. A., tiJ= 1fUtl;*1.acm, 1'. B .... Btfta, of D1s1tAUa OIl .... PO_.I_ OoA'" Of oar41ao .. OlA .of' Dos8-'. Olm. In'ftst., 9: ~. 1931. .
o.lbo~ .... J. Alt, an4 Har:r:1aon. tt. a., ft. Itt.tot llldWia on .. 1."o1_ecm_lt Of 6a1"41Go MuaOl. of Doss. J.011n. Invest. t 10,; 111,1951.
cattaU, MltMUt _ 00lA. n.1 .. lUtlUtmCe of Di81taJ.1a .. the lOne fit uon.-•• "_ 0Jt .... 110 Gord1ae IIWtOlA. J. Pba~oo1. e:td ~. fherap_, lai Uti 1_.
Chen. ::J =~!i ~~ =t. 0::==:'''' "a • ..ea, 1169.
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oniekabsl*k • .I. it •• 8M "'.awRY., D. L.t ~1Got ZU\aJ,la oa .. ~ .aiI 'U\1UUtlOa 01 .. tM ldole'0e4 ~ all4 DI •• 'lO~. AWl. J. 101., tat 1", 1180. .
Cft1o~ .. *. lI. B.: ~* ___ bOlia. l~lo1. BeY., 1', &9f. Ut.l936.
1)Nrlttlt W. l:l., DarnM, A. a •• aM ...... 8 • .1.* ~lmt.m.u 8th GaJ.oule~ ~peuUe· aD4 ~le Do.- of 8181'-11 •• >
IX •• ,_\8 oa 1mo 1I1""00r4~8Zl1 ... Beel't i •• III 6&a-oeo, 1:M3.
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fl. B., "'.t. B. a., liaI'1olc, tI ••• t aD4 ~. A. R. * aJ>eimim.ta w1,.. celoulete4 tb .. J)8t.l"J.8 ant TGX1e .... ot DlPul1a. m.. lIt'tecu .. the ~ lILoo4 ft_. Am. ~ I., •• '10-'38, ltQ.
-.n, E. ,A.. p_, ae 40,1_ or OU'bGJ.a em ~ Ao~. MtIl ~lo1. ~., all aso-aat. 1.960.
~nt X'to.' •• Id'A~~ ... P •• S 1:I»C'1,_t18, ,. '11, 1"981. 01_",. wou. .. ~ A. I • .Pbe.1.1r8ool. aM. at,... a..p •• 1081 lS&' 115, 1 •
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Plake, O. L. $n4 ~, I'll # .tu.re Gt 'tbe lao;rswo Pl8fJl)hoI'U ti. Yolate17 -.018. .1 .... U. 401 ..... lta'.
n8k9. C. Il!l end $Ubi .. ~. 'f •• .fhoa~uae. I • • 01. ~. 81, _9-1,., 1911.,
.. Goot. C. A •• ~, fi., am4 ~.Y.' .. »ctH8d.'loD ~ ~. 1. 8101. tIla •• ""lOOs .-611, 1983.
erc.le. H., tiber 418 Do.l~_ 488 EohlehJ'dfttstof'tweoMGls ... Pll,.lo101i.e .. ~kolog1e .. Bu lk. knh.· r. ~. )1et.h. u. PbRril1lk01 •• lNt68 • 1MO.
Bapa, 1>.: ee lItteo" of D1dlaDiA C 11\ 'f~ Do_ upon the 1~o"'91 __ ._tu 00n~1i ot ... 'BbI' ...... fI1&801.. I. PIla,..oo1 ••• _,.. ~P." ,0'. eo.u. 1.'_
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ata:r.ltn, a.t,OI-aUo, B .• , end J4\IDobl~ ... ;tt_,. R.:Dtpei.en'l. It 119, I.Mt.Cl'te6 1)7 1011_ . t A. ,. lt1W~Q01. ~ • .... ,., loa. ~lU, 1. .. .
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lta., LA.::t •• Jan4lowl.SI "t ~ Jhd.1ve 1D \be I803.aW ..... Cueul'. All ••• Aratol., 122t .1-2'3, 1938.
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~1fth of Aft fIl'.. CUtaSa a.M.!u~. 801_". , lOll 3tO-&'1, 114'_
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Lac..,.. a. A., JI!I;m4e .. ,0., Ant Beft1!, } ••• oa~,U.ao O1,.ogen aM Keto,.d.... .Itt"' of ~!GOw.7~ ot ·1. y" Be ~ ---.1 .. --~~- find .. Btl'pate. 800 • ....... mcl._n4 ..... 16# 413, 1t6.'_
Ue'18. H., ~,.~_ .be 4_ £oh1~&ta~twolle(f). 4_ '1fenUa. U. *PR~'t$l.1. Vlit.G!'3UO lktr an-tlue fie a~1tellH:.ut 4_ Kobl t6o!Jal' 4 •• H.er_. AJ-Oh. t. If Path. u. ~~ko.l ... 196. 15,. 14f. 1MO.
LoIDI-. B.: the OOO~ ami· t.Iae fttaut ... tl(J'1l of ~ •• ,.w iaCG11a. 1. Deaoutn. \Ci._ ~ ~~pb$_. 81oc~. zta~., IOaI 46 ..... 19 ••
"Non_I I.: 1lM.n1_ , ••• 01011 '8 108 alUOOfJ.14ea oardl.flOOs. • kM.\ hI Well_beroer.. A. i. :w.r.eo1. ana atper. "-.'tlt .f •• ~I. 1MI_
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auu. .... ,.. a1ol.. lied.. 11#.' t 1968.
JilUl_. a! •• , ~d 1rIwl .... '. A.l A _Vlo4 tor _ .'IM" or Ul~o~ntl"1_ ot La.t10 M14. I •• 01. ~ •• WI ~.ltM •
... G •. &f.l onl 'I1JaullC. II. '.l S'tU41ee em the Da'I.,. CI1u80814u of D!altalle LaM •• _ l1lrUoular Bote .. _ to Vlelr Jltteota upoa ~1 .. .lttl.1 .. , .. tJ:Ielr Ioal.it,.,. Jilbuuoo1. eM ...... ,., M* u.aI. 1138.
Moe, G. 1(.., uti Y1u~, .. " •• 1M .tl8e1la1_ et »'allure 1& the OcIIplAMlr 1eOlete4 .8.I&11u Bean. M. I •• ,.101., 12th 661-4"3. 1939.
JIIttI •• X.I m.:ne arw.l~ de _tboG ...... -'s.-w. 4_ PlIo.~t:r8otlonen in "1C8~. 'Wlter Ma0n4ee ~A'1pq 4_ Mloepbtla __ 'beml la ~bl ... . baraU. '. . 81"" .. 1'o11_~.-t _A. J. l~Mraa.ol. er4 Js:per. filerap., ":I11~. 1"9 •
.. ,..r~,.O.''''''_ 8"*,'ea o. th .• Ba_ .. ~ at". .. , Sa AJ.eobol1c ~_t1a or 'has", ~t1ou. J. Blol. Cha., 180: 8'1-680, 1949. .
Jre1a •• .I., A P1lo~'rl. It4aptet,1oa of ~ Soaoan 1IIItb04 for tbe J)e~'10.a 01 61\\008.. , •• 01. Gbem. t 153, 5'&-160, l.~.
01Mm.. i,1t L. $n4 SOllwe~L \i. B.a QQtr41eo Kueo1e _.bOIS,. and .... J. .. Been I\luu:n. IIIMSlolDe. 10: 11"*"1, 1911..
0V\mIIIm. 1'=.11. :.~ ':.8'1'18'. s. It.; ~ •. 4»»1.'. l_~loa of ~ liJao··.· . '. . to SccU .• ena ;rou •• t_ 1a B1olos1oal J'lt.d4a. ,. Mol.· fl... aa-o". llfll.
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l~t\er"n. S.W ••. Pipe, Kif! aD4 atu"l1.Dg. ,It . Ii. ::" •• R&8U1&t.l.{)D ot tho ~rt ..... fl. a,.101 •• 481 ~t 1914.
:Pet .... II ... alld YWcbrzJ a. a ••.• ..,. .... M1.1_ or tbe ~. 1n nl1t.aN .l~. ·l.Uf.moe of Druse _,. 1". _. BM1't J •• 11; a'J.-atl, 1931. .
BoM., ,1.1 .. 4eBiJlt1Wl1 4.- itOObanlhheO. 1J84~ aut dl •• ~"'1' \IDA 4_se~wtt.,f4t/bJ'.uch 4 ... ..-laU ... 1t.e' ..... 01." _,.··.'WOUeAHrIU'I.A. '.~ •• :tat. ~'t. tbta'a» •• tf. au_I 1MI.
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8tarl1As. B. a", d n"M~." Y ••• e a~a.1on Of ~ .atf.el'Q' au_put fit the ~,. I. _.101 •• Ilh 8~. 191'_
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61 .. Wo44.A. tt ••• 1»',_ B. A~. $u4 ~t G. &., a. .fOO~ fit
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Woll.GabVCU' , A" OD 'U~Ob. :Pbo.plMd •. 8Uppl7 at . the hl1liB~. _. I. rhY81el., 110. tII-.4O, 1M'.
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WoU ___ I'I._~' .. bo110 AOUoa, or tH, GU'41aO 011003,1<& ... U. JII'r.' of o.Mia aJ14 ..... ta oa •• ~. Phoa.pM-. (km:'." of __ Mari. I. ~eo1. ettA ~. i'huap •• 10:..\, l~135t 1.1.
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wJ,tb. 8pIolal aot .... to ... tee .. 'or tU~ aS4_. A.a.. I. a,.101., 1M. 811-118. 1MB.
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Bori-. .. 1.., sm WImfl. a. c.: ~ of the G'ftm,tI!ta1 "U. Ae'fdOl:,. of C8MlaO 01100.14... .. .......... 1 ....... • ,~.1.1. .
cn.rk ••..•• a. t ad JIoabR, B. 1l.t thO Wa'- ent .81._. ~ Ooa"-_ of 'the ~ ... art 1n oo~tlft ~ hllun W1tJl u4 w1\boUt 0,,1'0.11_:'1=. Oin •• II """'.4, 1852
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"'ft,~. G •• '.t~!t ~Ut_ G., &~ SObWabt.~ a.. ~..... '141 ~'O'OphI' W1~u~ end v4tJl D~_l1_'l __ ~b. OO:n\en:' or bbbl'~t. ~_. 8M. ~. !d aD4 ~'t 34: ~t 11M.
. " ....., .. tot". C. A.. C~~ en tlVJ MololiOal.. 8_D4.-41.,,1:.,;,u ot Diiltel1a. so:m.b.~. WehDilcbl-•• ", 1'-11; 1149_
Gol4. L. IIod$U, ii" Btntoa, G. , •• eM Cotl,,~v.t J'It W.I· ..... aoI',t:Lcm oS D1~ .til -., )e4. lTOO •• en 356. lM'_
Ck44. a. f. It\d.t.t. u. ~,.o,to. ~,. anti ~t. ~d~lQl .. ~$l . .£Wo$:r;tet au in ~c &Q~ by D1r~~ a1.'4 tobetr ~ oa lrIOb1e:d ot l)1g1't811.Uoa 1n ,.tlenta w1th AWl.~ .rlbJ'Sl.la"ioa. i. JiUraool. ant .,... t!be:I'ep. 64: aM. 1139 ..
GoU. B.sD!Blulls alld. some or Ita a.rlY.tl".... .le., .,. 110. 1M3. ,
GoV'ler •. W. u.'. Tenz, __ ~" .. an4 ~ .. o11lJ, .. , ,.. •. t ....• tit' Al ___ "o~l PAOQI'mta.D1s1~1D w1l4 ~Ia .ui4J1 hleW 'to tbe l.atter a Of4tdJAo .... 1. _.... 1n Y'1t1C. i. aa~oo1 •• n4e~. afA"aJh, ••• ~ ... 1941. -,-. . ..
Jlarmllk. J?" .. ·1., J.4t~, 1. I., .1~.YeIl W., e;rd ~. li.l ~a1 .. ,.1)01," auel G1100C .' AOt1ofuJ of ftOpJ'l_ G1JOO1 aad .,.. O~'le 0110018. I. ftal~'.:oo1. aM .~. ~P ••• ,. 114, 1 •••
Bott tat. B.. J'i\ma. I>' e.. ~n4 U1n14er. A. W.l Oon~entr6 .. t1Ql'l ~ ~'k8.1.j m sewm aD4 Roapona.· to Vasal ~t1oD 1n '&be JlOa. a. J. JlhY81ol •• 14111 U'. 1044.
~A f_ .I.: .too_ o~ D!81tella .. lIl.H"Q.~ ot Bee" JIWlOle.. ~. soc. ~. B!Ql • • 1'''& Me4 •• 6th 80-91. 1"'_ .
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the tlul 00'1'18.$ 1." boen ~ne4 1)1 ~ fU.reoto1" 0
the wOllda an4 1bo 8lsnatun vdUeh "p~J'e beltm .... '.t1e~ tlW
t •• " that tJ:ltS n_ee~HJJ!7 oht::f.r,eee beva bee ~te4 •. M\4 t.ba.
the th •• s.a is ~ S1TO fual a,~l Wi.~. to ooa'-' t~ at4~banl.~l eCtU.D"$/lt.
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