the acoustic characteristics of space

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The acoustic characteristics of space There are three main musical spaces that are used in music recording and live performance which I will be talking about in this article. These are a recording studio, a music venue and a theatre/auditorium. Each musical space needs to have specific treatment depending on what the space is being used for, the size of the space you are working with and you will need to take into account standing waves, absorption and reverb time. Music Studio Firstly, in a music studio the purpose is purely to record music. This means you will want it to be a sound proof room with effective acoustic treatment fitted. An ideal design of a studio space would be to have an outer wall and an inner wall with absorptive material (such as carpet) on top or in between. I would suggest using carpet all around in the studio both the floor and the walls) so that sound energy is absorbed. This will allow sound energy to be diffused and absorbed into the wall which stops it being reflected back into the room. When working with any glass panels, it would be best to make sure they are doubled up with one pane of glass at a slight angle which prevents standing waves as there will not be any parallel sides. It would also be good to have a very thick door to also add to the acoustic treatment as sound proofing. It would be useful to have a Helmholtz resonator which is a piece of wood with small holes in which also absorbs the sound energy. Aim to get quality chairs in a studio space so there is no squeaking from the chairs/stools which would interfere with recording. Venue

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The Acoustic Characteristics of Space

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Page 1: The Acoustic Characteristics of Space

The  acoustic  characteristics  of  space    There  are  three  main  musical  spaces  that  are  used  in  music  recording  and  live  performance  which  I  will  be  talking  about  in  this  article.  These  are  a  recording  studio,  a  music  venue  and  a  theatre/auditorium.  Each  musical  space  needs  to  have  specific  treatment  depending  on  what  the  space  is  being  used  for,  the  size  of  the  space  you  are  working  with  and  you  will  need  to  take  into  account  standing  waves,  absorption  and  reverb  time.    Music  Studio    Firstly,  in  a  music  studio  the  purpose  is  purely  to  record  music.  This  means  you  will  want  it  to  be  a  sound  proof  room  with  effective  acoustic  treatment  fitted.  An  ideal  design  of  a  studio  space  would  be  to  have  an  outer  wall  and  an  inner  wall  with  absorptive  material  (such  as  carpet)  on  top  or  in  between.  I  would  suggest  using  carpet  all  around  in  the  studio  both  the  floor  and  the  walls)  so  that  sound  energy  is  absorbed.  This  will  allow  sound  energy  to  be  diffused  and  absorbed  into  the  wall  which  stops  it  being  reflected  back  into  the  room.  When  working  with  any  glass  panels,  it  would  be  best  to  make  sure  they  are  doubled  up  with  one  pane  of  glass  at  a  slight  angle  which  prevents  standing  waves  as  there  will  not  be  any  parallel  sides.  It  would  also  be  good  to  have  a  very  thick  door  to  also  add  to  the  acoustic  treatment  as  sound  proofing.  It  would  be  useful  to  have  a  Helmholtz  resonator  which  is  a  piece  of  wood  with  small  holes  in  which  also  absorbs  the  sound  energy.  Aim  to  get  quality  chairs  in  a  studio  space  so  there  is  no  squeaking  from  the  chairs/stools  which  would  interfere  with  recording.  

 

Venue    

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Secondly,  in  a  music  venue  the  main  purpose  is  purely  for  people  to  perform  music  which  means  that  the  surrounding  environment  and  materials  used  for  the  space  must  be  suitable  for  live  performances  to  sound  good.  The  walls  should  be  made  from  concrete  and  plywood.  This  is  because  the  materials  used  do  not  need  to  be  as  absorbent  as  a  recording  studio  space.  You  need  to  consider  the  dimensions  of  the  room,  the  overall  volume  of  the  room,  the  total  surface  area  and  the  absorption  coefficient  (how  much  sound  energy  is  absorbed  by  the  room).  The  average  absorption  coefficient  of  the  venue  we  measured  was  0.38.    In  a  venue  that  measures  14.76m  in  length,  9.18m  in  width  and  3.33m  in  height  it  results  in  the  overall  volume  of  the  space  as  451.29m³.  The  resulting  RT60  (which  is  the  reverb  time  and  the  time  it  takes  for  an  audio  signal  or  sound  energy  to  reach  -­‐60dB)  is  0.6  seconds.  The  average  absorption  coefficient  of  the  venue  we  measured  was  0.38.  

 The  screenshot  above  is  called  the  amroc  room  mode  calculator.  This  gives  you  a  visual  representation  of  all  the  modes  within  the  room  using  the  room  dimensions  to  work  out  where  the  modes  are  in  the  room.  The  diagram  also  shows  the  frequencies  of  the  room  which  is  done  by  spectral  analysis.    Theatre    Furthermore,  another  main  musical  space  is  a  theatre.  This  is  slightly  different  as  they  are  not  often  purely  used  for  musical  performances  so  there  is  more  difficulties  when  it  comes  to  the  acoustics  of  the  space,  acoustic  treatment  and  sound  absorption.  You  could  easily    transform  a  theatre  so  that  it  has  the  correct  acoustic  characteristics  and  treatment  for  sound  and  live  performance.  This  can  be  done  in  the  same  way  you  would  do  this  for  a  venue  as  mentioned  in  the  previous  paragraph  except  there  are  more  aspects  to  think  about  such  as  the  ceiling  is  usually  higher,  there  is  more  on  the  ceiling  (for  lighting  and  effects)  and  the  seats  are  stacked  up  in  layers.  All  of  these  aspects  have  an  effect  on  the  acoustics  of  the  room  and  the  overall  sound  of  any  music  performance.      Other  aspects  to  consider    Any  musical  space,  regardless  of  its  purpose,  needs  to  have  the  correct  acoustic  treatment.  When  working  with  a  space,  you  need  to  work  ou  t  the  reverb  time  (RT60)  and  the  absorption  coefficient  (how  long  it  takes  for  the  sound  energy  to  be  absorbed)  so  you  know  

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the  characteristics  of  the  room.  As  I  mentioned  in  the  recording  studio  section  of  this  article,  a  studio  space  has  to  have  proper  sound  proofing  so  that  there  is  no  interference  in  recording.  One  problem,  however,  is  that  most  studios  have  a  live  end  and  a  dead  end  effect  where  the  engineer/producer  will  have  the  absorptive  features  but  the  clients  behind  them  at  the  back  will  have  more  of  the  ambience  of  the  room.  If  there  is  too  much  ambience  in  the  control  room  of  a  studio  (liveliness),  it  will  cause  problems  when  it  comes  to  trying  to  mix  a  track  properly.    Another  aspect  of  acoustic  treatment  that  could  make  a  big  difference  is  the  position  of  speakers.  You  will  want  your  speakers  to  be  in  the  best  position  as  possible  so  the  intended  audience  can  hear  the  sound  properly.  The  monitor  speakers  in  a  studio  should  be  placed  at  an  angle  with  one  speaker  on  the  left  and  another  on  the  right.  Try  to  avoid  placing  your  speakers  up  against  a  wall  or  a  corner  if  the  bass  port  of  the  speaker  is  at  the  back  because  if  this  is  the  case,  the  wall  will  absorb  all  of  the  bass  of  your  track  when  it  is  being  played  causing  problems  when  you  mix  a  track.  This  applies  even  in  a  recording  studio  inside  a  control  room  because  an  engineer/producer  will  need  to  be  able  to  hear  the  sound  to  find  and  fix  mistakes,  to  mix  properly  and  edit  a  track  effectively.  The  same  applies  for  a  client  as  the  client  will  want  to  hear  what  their  song  sounds  like.  If  the  speakers  are  not  positioned  correctly,  then  you  will  end  up  with  a  poor  mix  as  you  would  not  have  been  able  to  hear  it  properly  in  the  studio.  The  same  applies  for  PA  speakers  in  live  performance  in  the  venue  and  the  theatre.    Acoustics  and  acoustic  treatment  is  all  about  frequency.  This  means  within  a  room  you  can  use  spectral  analysis,  as  I  mentioned  under  the  room  mode  screenshot,  to  work  out  the  frequencies  within  a  room.  You  can  also  use  a  graphic  equaliser  to  change  some  of  the  frequencies  in  a  performance  to  help  it  sound  better  in  a  room  where  there  may  be  standing  waves  or  where  there  are  many  unwanted  frequencies.      All  the  aspects  mentioned  in  this  article  must  be  taken  into  account  when  designing  a  musical  space  whether  it  is  a  studio,  venue  or  theatre  space  because  the  whole  purpose  is  to  achieve  fidelity  in  any  environment  depending  on  its  purpose.