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The 2010 Shanghai World Expo:
The Challenge for Distributed Energy
Visiting Professor, The Energy Analysis Department
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
WEIJUN GAO PhD
Associate Professor, Faculty of Environmental Engineering
The University of Kitakyushu, Japan
Professor, Department of Architecture
Xi’an JiaoTong University, China
Brief Introduction of My Laboratory
http://gao.env.kitakyu-u.ac.jp/
Distributed Energy Resource and Network
Environmental Evaluation
China Energy
Building Recycle
Ph.D candidates: Four
Master Candidates: Three
Bachalor: Four
Reasearch: Four
Visiting Professor: Five
2006
Demand
Marketing Information
Tariffs, fuel prices,
demand-aids opportunity
Technology informationCHP, PV, Wind Power
Load of Electricity,
Cooling/heating
Possibility of
Introduction
Design Stage
Optimal design of
network (pipe size
and pressure)
Evaluation in Energy
saving, environment
consciousness
Optimal
Design
Planning CAD)
HeatPlan
HeatEco
HeatNet
HeatEnv
Database
Planning Stage
F/S
Study
Technology and
capacity choice based
on cost minimum
Weather information
Customer need
Matching of equipment,
Part load running mode)
Demand Site
Need Analysis
System Site
Supply Analysis
Operation pattern
database
Decision make
Logical
HeatDem
HeatSup
HeatMan
Optimal operation plan
suggestion
Learner of
customer
using
pattern
Weather
condition
(load)
Learner
Operation Stage
Distributed Energy Resource and NetworkDesign and Management Support System for Promoting the Local Distributed Energy Resources (2005-2007)It is time from an era of making products to an era how to manager them. The long social value with a life cycle evaluation has been added in the present economical value. We need a “soft” technology to support the “hard” technology in order to realize this value.
In this study, we have developed a comprehensive computerized simulation tool to give an optimal decision making in using the distributed energy resources as well as to help the operation to reach its better mode in energy, money saving and environmental concern
Planning, design and management tool for distributed energy resources
DER-CAM
Field study on the effects of introducing
a distributed district energy system
(2002-2004)
Research on safety and backup of
heat supply by networking heat
resources (2003)
Study on heat supply enterprise network by
distributed generator arrangement (2000-2003)
4
1
3
2
Y
M2
M1
N
O
1
2
3
350
350
350
350
China Energy
•Planning an Energy Infrastructure with a low environmental load
in Shanghai World Expo(2004-2005)
•Shanghai Energy Saving Situation and the Entry Possibility of
ESCO enterprise into Shanghai Market (2005)
•Feasibility Study In relation to Methane Gas CDM Project In
China (2005-2007)
•Research on district heat supply system with a low environment
load in North-east area of China (Changchun) (2002)
•Investigation on Energy Consumption in Dalian, China (2001)
•Energy Consumption and its Impacts on Environment in Shanghai,
China (2000)
•Investigation of City Environment and Energy Consumption in
Yangtze Delta Area (1999)
Environmental Evaluation
Mitigating the heat island in
Tokyo Metropolitan area with a
Numerical Simulation(1999)
Effects of introducing distributed energy
system on the local environment(1997)
LBNL-43955 Mitigation of urban heat islands: meteorology, energy, and air
quality impacts 09/30/1999 Taha, Haider;Meier, Alan;Gao, Weijun;Ojima, Toshio
Research on Building Recycle
Recycle process of building materials in the detached
houses (2005)
•Lifecycle resource and energy consumption evaluation
in residential house with steel construction (2005)
•Lifecycle resource evaluation system for building
material Recycle (2004-2005)
•Evaluation on decreasing the resource and energy
consumption in environmental residential buildings
(2003-2004)
•Research on disassemble and recycling energy
consumption in collective residential buildings of
Kitakyushu (2003)
•Lifecycle energy consumption for building material
recycles in residential buildings (2002)
•Investigation on energy consumption of building
material recycles in residential buildings (2002)
•Sociological Experimental Study of Low
Environmental Impact and Resource Circulation
Habitation System (1997-2004)
LBNL-46020 Energy impacts of recycling disassembly material in residential buildings.02/01/2000, Gao, Weijun;Ariyama, Takahiro;Ojima, Toshio;Meier, Alan
Design and Planning Works
Dalian Port Eastern Coastal Park
Planning (2005) with Nikken Sekkei
Comprehensive planning and design
of Guiming garden houses (2002)
International Consultancy for the Urban Design of Shenzhen City Center and Comprehensive Planning of the Underground Spaces (2000)
International Consultation for Integrated Planning Proposal of Luohu Land Port/Railway Station Area, Shenzhen(2000)
Why do we need the Distributed Energy ?
In the WorldIn USA
In Japan
100 500
5001990 100
UN Demographic Yearbook
Oceania
Asia
South America
North America
Europe
AfricaUrb
an
pop
ula
tion
mil
lion
)
The urbanization will be speeded in Asia in the next twenty years
National energy consumption Energ
y C
onsu
mption p
er
pers
on
Oil Kg/year
Canada
USA
Form
al U
SSR
Germ
any
Pakis
tan
Japan
Italy
Mexic
o
Kore
a
Bra
zil
Phili
ppin
e Thaila
nd
Indonesi
a
Fra
nce
and U
nited K
ingdom
Vie
nna
Myanm
ar
Eth
iopia
Nepal
Average energy consumption of world
Hundred Million People
Population
IndiaChina
Comparison of area between Tokyo and Shanghai
ShanghaiTokyo
31.2
35.5
Urbanization of Shanghai 25km 19km)
1.5 0C during 150 years
Increase of urban air temperature due to urbanization in Shanghai (height at 1.5m)
The city warming phenomenon due to sudden urbanizationThe city warming phenomenon due to sudden urbanization
Simulation by Weijun GAO, Haifeng LI and Toshio OJIMA
Climate change of Shanghai in recent 100 years
Over the past century, the average temperature in Shanghai has
increased by 1.5 C/year, more than three times of the global average.
The temperature increase in recent ten years is at a rate of 0.11 C/yea
Television tower and 88 floor
building of Shanghai Television tower and 88 floor
building of Shanghai
City night scene
of ShanghaiCity night scene
of Shanghai
People SquarePeople Square
City traffic of Shanghai
City traffic of Shanghai
Huangpu RiverBridge
Huangpu River Bridge
Subway of Shanghai
Subway of Shanghai
Three-dimensional traffic system of Shanghai
Three-dimensional traffic system of Shanghai
linear motor carlinear motor car
gen
erat
ion c
apac
ity
Ten
th
ou
san
d k
W
elec
tric
ity c
onsu
mpti
on
Hundre
dm
illi
on k
Wh
generation capacity
electricity consumption
Power capacity 9600MW
Change of generation capacity and electricity consumption in ShanghaiChange of generation capacity and electricity consumption in Shanghai
25 July 2003 Electrical load 13610MWPeak delay 280MW
Inspection 30MW
Peak cut 570MW
Restriction 400MW
Stop by Gov. 400MWElectrical load 14500MW
1.5
Time
Shanghai power plants and its network
Grid Power can not catch up the increase of demand
Power supply to island and/or remote place
To ensure diversity of energy supply
To keep environmental condition(ex. Reduction of Co2)
Reduction of energy cost
Reduction of investment in plant and equipmentReduction of erection period
Reliability of power Supply
CHINAJAPANEUUSANecessity or Purpose
China have “million(many)” reasons to develop the distributed
energy resource
The 2010 Shanghai World ExpoPlanning an Energy Infrastructure with a Low Environmental Load
Tok
yo O
lym
pic
Join
s W
TO
Bei
jin
g O
lym
pic
Sh
an
gh
ai
Worl
d E
xp
o
The Surge
of GDP
in China
First Oil ShockSecond Oil Shock
The Effects of The Shanghai World Expo GDP is predicted to be
Four Times compared
with today
The Surge
of GDP
in Japan
OnethousandsBillionRMB
OnethousandsBillionJapaneseYen
Hu
Jin
tao
syst
em
esta
bli
shm
ent
New
Ch
ina
70
th a
nn
iver
sary
Year
Year
Sa
pp
oro
Oly
mp
ic
Osa
ka
Wo
rld
Ex
po
Tongji UniversityResearch Center of World Expo 2010
J-PowerElectric Power
Development Co.,Ltd
JESJapan Environment Systems
CO.,LTD
Waseda UniversityToshio Ojima LAB
the Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry
Shanghai Construction committee
Project Teams
Expo site
Shanghai
CBD
About 4.5kmHuangpu River
Expo site
Shanghai
CBD
About 4.5kmHuangpu River
Location of the Site and CBD of Shanghai
Basic Consideration
As an example of the east Asian big city, energy
infrastructure with a lower environmental load should be
built
Basic Consideration
As an example of the east Asian big city, energy
infrastructure with a lower environmental load should be
built
Background
•Better City, Better Life
•After the EXPO, re-development as a world trade city
Background
•Better City, Better Life
•After the EXPO, re-development as a world trade city
Plan
•Introduce a district heating/cooling system with distributed
generation and unused energy (the river water)
•Introduce the underground multi-purpose utility tunnel
which aims toward the improvement of city environment
Plan
•Introduce a district heating/cooling system with distributed
generation and unused energy (the river water)
•Introduce the underground multi-purpose utility tunnel
which aims toward the improvement of city environment
Outline
Master plan of 2010 Shanghai World Expo
1.35 km2
3.93 km2
Huangpu River
Near Nanshi City
power plant
ForestOther
307,900
(88000RT)
35,000
10,000RT
105,000
30,000RT
Cooling Capacity(kW)
About 1201028.5Cooling Area
(ten thousand )
The International
Trade Center
Park, Village
(restoration)
EXPO ParkAfter Expo
701564The number of
attendance(Million)
670170350Area(ha)
Better City,
Better Life
Nature's WisdomProgress and
Harmony
for Mankind
Theme
Shanghai Expo
(2010)
Aichi Expo
(2005)
Osaka Expo
(1970)
The Scale of Shanghai Expo (comparison with Osaka and Aichi
307,900 kW1,203,000m22,000,000m2
400,000m2700,000m2Auxiliary Facilities
100,000m2500,000m2Urban experimental
zones
Pavilions for enterprises
Pavilions for Chinese
province
International Pavilions
China pavilion
Joint pavilions
Foreign
Foreign
governmentGover
nment
pavilio
ns
307,900 kW
(88,000USRT)
703,000m2800,000m2
Theme pavilion
Cooling loadAir conditioning
areaFloor areaZone
Prediction of maximum cooling load during exposition in 2010
Foreign
Pavilion
Foreign
Pavilion
Foreign
Government
Pavilion
International
Pavilion
Joint
Pavilion
Province
Pavilion
of China
Foreign
Government
PavilionChina
Pavilion
Enterprise
Pavilion
Enterprise
Pavilion
Enterprise
Pavilion
Nanshi
Power Plant
Puxi area
50 MW
Urban
Experimental
Zone
Pudong area
250 MW
Distribution of cooling load during Expo
River width 400m, the depth of water 6m- 8m flow 200-300m3/sAverage water temperature in August 29.3 .
databoiler: 220t/h 4generator (air bleeding system): 60MW 2generator (back air system): 25MW 1thermal supply area: 8.1km2 Nanshi city power plant
Actual energy savings for DHC systems in Japan
DHC
+CGS
+Unused En.
COP 0.701
0.759
DHC system
Conventional
COP 0.677
Individual system
Common building
COP 0.595
DHC
12.2%
DHC+CGS
15.1%
Primary Energy
Energy
Consumption
DHC+Unused En.
21.6%
DHCPlant
Gas station
Exhaust
Heat
HuanpuRiver
SewageTreatment
Center
WasteRecyclecenter
Biomass
NaturalGas
NanshiPowerPlant
Gas Supply
Hot water/ Chillered water
Generator
Nanshi
Power Plant
Puxi
Energy Center
Existing
Heat Users
Pudong
Energy Center B
Pudong
Energy Center A
C
P2 : 40.74
P3 : 40.28 C
P1 : 42.37
Case 3
P2 : 40.74
P3 : 40.28
P1 : 42.37
C
P2 : 40.74
P3 : 40.28 C
P1 : 42.37
Case 2
P2 : 40.74
P3 : 40.28
P1 : 42.37
Wind
V=3.37 /
East-Southeast
570m
630m
50
0m
Pavilion
Apartment House
Water-retentive
paving
Road
Whole site
Detail of Micro Module
Green land
Green land
Cooling
Tower
Water surface
Micro Module Area
500
m
4.3km
3.3k
m
Ground
Huangpu
River
Wind
V=3.37 /
East-Southeast
(Depth=8m)
Detail of Macro ModuleCase2+Step2 :Cooling tower + Chimney
Case3+Step2 :Water-to-water exchanger + Chimney
Wind
V=3.37 /
East-Southeast
570m
630m
50
0m
Pavilion
Apartment House
Water-retentive
paving
Road
Whole site
Detail of Micro Module
Green land
Green land
Cooling
Tower
Water surface
Micro Module Area
500
m
4.3km
3.3k
m
Ground
Huangpu
River
Wind
V=3.37 /
East-Southeast
(Depth=8m)
Detail of Macro ModuleCase2+Step2 :Cooling tower + Chimney
Case3+Step2 :Water-to-water exchanger + Chimney
Case 1
P2 : 43.93
P3 : 45.98
P1 : 43.64
Case 1
P2 : 43.93
P3 : 45.98
P1 : 43.64
for individual AC system
for water-cooled DHC
Thermal Environmental Evaluation
The average air temperature in the Case2 is 0.16 C
lower than that in Case1, which shows that the DHC
system with water cooling has less heat island effect.
Especially at the places surrounded by buildings,
such as Point 3, the air temperature in Case1 is about
5 C higher than in Case2.
Utility tunnels during exposition
Chillered
Water
100
Fuel
147
Electricity
66
Electricity
46
Chillered
Water
Electrical
Chiller COP:5
Heat loss
81
LNG Generator Efficiency
45%
Electricity
Power
20
Electricity
Power
46
Combined Cycle System Chillered
Water
100
Fuel
147
Electricity
66
Electricity
46
Chillered
Water
Electrical
Chiller COP:5
Heat loss
81
LNG Generator Efficiency
45%
Electricity
Power
20
Electricity
Power
46
Combined Cycle System
Diagram of combined cycle cogeneration system
Thank you for your attention