th1_genetic diversity in rice (oryza spp.) for resistance to blast disease in west africa
DESCRIPTION
3rd Africa Rice Congress Theme 1: Climate resilient rice Mini symposium: Towards improved resistance to biotic stress Presenter: Yanagahira et al.TRANSCRIPT
JIRCAS
21 Oct. , 2013at
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Genetic diversity in rice (Oryza spp.) for resistance to blast disease
in West Africa
T. Odjo, Y. Koide, S. Yanagihara, M. Sié, Y. Séré, D. Silué, T. Kumashiro and Y. Fukuta
①Breakdown of resistance
①Survey of blast races and resistance genes in
rice and their utilization.
Prepare improved germplasm for African environment
Apply for multi-environmental varieties trial by Breeding Task Force.
National institute for breeding or farmers fields in Africa
②Introduction of long root geneqRL6.1.
④Utilization of deep root germplasm
③ Yield barrier in nutrient deficiency(Phosphorous)
④Drought (Upland and rainfed lowland)
Actions
Problems to be solved
Actions
Upland rice Irrigated rice
②Yield barrier in nutrient deficiency ( Nitrogen)
③Introduction of P def. tolerance gene, Pup1.
Ⅰ. Improvement of existing varieties Ⅱ. Introduction of improved lines from Asia
Introgression lines developed under the collaboration between JIRCAS and IRRI.
Selected lines.
Strategies for rice variety improvement to increase/stabilize rice production in Africa under the collaboration between JIRCAS and AfricaRice.
②Introduction of long root gene qRL6.1.
Evaluate under African environment and select the best performers.
①Survey of blast races and resistance genes in
rice and their utilization.
Sharing information
-Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch) is a fungal disease of rice known to cause yield losses in most rice producing areas of the world.
-In Africa, it is a major constraint of rice production.
-The most economical and effective way of controlling rice blast in resource-poor farmers’ fields shall be the development of resistant cultivars.
Problem of rice blast disease
Problem of rice blast disease 2
-However, the causal fungus is able to overcome the resistant varieties after they became popular.
-Thus, ideal high performance varieties require lower inputs with more stable resistance to blast disease.
-To achieve this breeding goal, it’s important to assess rice accessions from Africa.
Survey of blast resistance in rice germplasm from West Africa
Species StatusIrrigatedlowland
Rainfedlowland
Upland Manglove Total
O. sativa Improved 9 18 22 6 55
O. glaberrima Landrace 10 4 8 23 45
Interspecific Improved 0 42 18 0 60
O. barthii Wild 0 0 5 0 5
Total 19 64 53 29 165
Plant materials used in the survey
In addition,- 23 monogenic lines targeting for 23 resistance genes ( Tsunematsu et al., 2000),- 2 NILs for Pik and Pik-h with a Chinese Japonica-type variety Lijiangxintuanheigu
(LTH) genetic background( Telebanco-Yanoria et al, 2010),- 2 NILs for Pi5(t) and Pi12(t) with a Indica type susceptible line US-2 genetic
background( unpublished materials),- and Nipponbare, Kasalath, US-2, and LTH as control varieties
Blast races used for survey and their origin
Survey of blast resistance in rice germplasm from West Africa
Survey of blast resistance in rice germplasm from West Africa
Cluster analysis for rice germplasm
I(n=8)
III(n=27)
II(n=53)
IV(n=108)
Rice germplasm in West Africa and control varieties were classified into 4 cluster groups based on the reaction patterns to blast isolates from Japan and West Africa
Ma
56
Ni2
CI9
Ma
37
CI1
4
Ma
29
60
43
32
53 9
Bn
45
Mea
n
I 8 ( 8) 3.7 4.4 3.6 3 3.2 2.8 3.7 2.9 4 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.5II 53(11) 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 0.8 1.3 2.7 1.7 2.6 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.7III 27(10) 2.2 2.4 0.9 2.3 0.3 2.2 3.5 2.9 4.6 3.9 0.9 3.5 2.5IV 108( 2) 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 2.5 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.6
Res
ista
nce
gro
up
No
. o
f a
cces
sio
n Mean values of Infection degreed to each blast isolates
Isolates from West Africa
18
04
-4
P-2
b
05
28
-2
Ao
92
-06
-2
Mu
18
3
Ai7
9-1
42
Mu
95
GF
OS
8-H
Ky
u8
9-2
46
Sa
sam
ori
12
1
IW8
1-0
4
Ai7
4-1
34
24
-22
-1-1
TH
68
-14
0
Ina
93
-3
Ky
u9
2-2
2
TH
68
-12
6
Ina
86
-13
7
31
-4-1
51
-11
-1
Ken
53
-33
Mea
n
I 4 1.3 3.7 4.1 3.3 3.9 3.5 4 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 4 3.7 4 4.5 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.6II 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6III 1.7 0.6 1.4 3 2.5 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.3 0.4 2.9 1.5 1.8 2 2.6 1.9 2.3IV 0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5
Mean values of Infection degreed to each blast isolates
Res
ista
nce
gro
up
Wh
ole
mea
nIsolates from Japan
( ): No. of differential and control varieties.
Infection scores of rice accessions to standard differential blast isolates from West Africa and Japan
Survey of blast resistance in rice germplasm from West Africa
1
23
4
1
23
4
Groups based on reaction patterns to blast isolates
No. and name of rice accessions and differential varieties
No. of rice accessions
(Differential varieties and
checks)
I 1: LTH, 1: US-2, 5: DVs (Pik-s, Pi19(t), Pia, Pish, Pi12(t)) 1: Nipponbare
8(8)
II
10: DVs (Pi20(t), Pib, Pi12(t), Pit, Piz, Piz-5, Pita x2, Pita-2 x2) 4: JA(UP-I), 2: JA(UP-L), 1: JA(LO-I) 1: Kasalath, 1: IN(DW-L) 1: NO(LO-I) 3: NERICA (UP-IS) 9: AF (DW-L) , 10 AF (LO-L) , 9: AF (UP-L) 2: W (UP)
53(11)
III 10: DVs (Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t) x2, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t) ) 14: AF (DW-L) , 2: AF (LO-L) 1: W (UP-L)
27(10)
IV
2: DVs (Pi9(t), Piz-t) 6: JA(UP-L) , 1: JA (UP-I), 2: JA (UP-L) 14: IN(LO-I), 3: IN(LO-L) , 4: IN (DW-I), 1 IN(DW-L), 9: NO(LO-I), 1: NO (UP-L) , 5: NO (UP-I) 15 NERICA (UP-IS) , 42 NERICA (LO-IS) 1: AF (LO-L) 2: W (UP)
108(2)
Total
196(31)
Classification of rice accessions in West Africa based one the reaction patterns to standard differential blast isolates from West Africa and Japan
Survey of blast resistance in rice germplasm from West Africa
Conclusion
-Rice accessions from West Africa, DVs and check varieties were classified into 4 groups I, II, III and IV, based on the reaction patterns to the 20 standard differential blast isolates from Japan and the 12 isolates from West Africa.
-106 accessions including 15 rainfed upland NERICAs, all lowland NERICAs, one O. glaberrima, two O. barthii, 46 Asian varieties, and two DVs for Pi9, and Piz-t were categorized in the strongest group.
-The wild rice, O. barthii, showed more variation than in O. glaberrima. However, more number of accessions are to be investigated.
JIRCAS
Thank you for your attention.