test_no._1568_explanation.pdf

8/17/2019 TEST_No._1568_explanation.pdf

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GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No. 1568

VISION IAS ONLINE SYSTEM

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Q.1 :b

According to Arthashastra, there are threetypes of conquest, Dharmavijaya – RighteousConquest, Lobhavijaya – Conquest for Greed,Asuravijaya – Demoniac Conquest. The two

latter types are generally disapproved of byall sources except the Arthasasthra.

Q.2 :a

The Sresthin is a money lender or banker butusually merchants as well. They appear asleading members of wealthy guilds. Theword Sresthin literally means chief, Itsurvived in the north Indian Seth and theDravidian Chetti and setti.It also means atitle of honor held only by merchants of

wealth and consequence.

Q.3 :b

Yoga literally means the union of the twoprincipal entities. The origin of yoga is foundin yogasutra of patanjali believed to havebeen written in the second century BC.By purifying and controlling changes in themental mechanism, yoga systematicallybrings about the release of purusha fromprakriti. Yogic techniques control the body,

mind and sense organs. Thus this philosophyis also considered a means of achievingfreedom or mukti.

This freedom could be attained by practisingself-control (yama), observation of rules(niyama), fixed postures (asana), breathcontrol (pranayama), choosing an object(pratyahara) and fixing the mind (dharna),concentrating on the chosen object (dhyana)and complete dissolution of self, merging themind and the object (Samadhi).

Yoga admits the existence of God as ateacher and guide.

Q.4 :a

Explanation:

The saintly devotees of Shiva are known asNayanmar (Nayanar). There are 63 of them.

The activities of these devotees differ, butthe one thing in common is their intense lovefor the Lord.

They followed different ways of praying the

God and led different kinds of life styles –brahmacharyam, grihastam, vanaprastam,

sanyasam. Their traditional work (akin to caste system)too differed - reciting Vedha, farmer,potter,cobbler and so on. Some of them werehighly learned while some others excelledwith their simple devotion though not

learned in any scriptures (Kannappar).Some of them were kings (Pukazch chozar)and some others didn't even have even ahouse to live in (Thirumular). They allexcelled in their own way - single mindeddevotion to Shiva.

Alvars:

The Azhwars came from diverse caste groupsand lived between 5th and 9th Century insouthern India. They are great devotees of Lord Vishnu, especially Ranghanatha.

They composed beautiful devotional poetryin his praise. Their individual compositionswere later compiled into a single scripture bythe name "Divya Prabhandam".

Q.5 :a

Explanation: One of the sultans of Delhi inthe 14th century, Firoz Shah Tughluq, wasboth intrigued and impressed by an AsokanPillar which he found near Delhi, and he hadit removed it to the capital. But no one could

read the inscription on pillar or explain itspurpose.

Q.6 :d

All the above mentioned options form thepart of Panchasiddhantika. Varahamihirasummarized in his Panchasiddhantika thefive siddhantas which includes Paitamaha,Vasishtha, Paulisa, Romaka and Surya.

Q.7 :c

In North Indian music System there is a formcalled gat, derived from plucked stringedinstrumental technique, and another, calleddhun is derived from folk tunes, neither hastext.

Q.8 :d

Udayagiri and Khandagiri hills are found nearBhubaneswar, Orissa have a number of finelyand ornately carved caves.

It is believed that most of these caves werecarved out as residential blocks for Jain


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monks during the reign of King Kharavela. There are five Jain caves at Ellora that belongto the 9th and 10th centuries. They all belongto the Digambara sect.Sittanavasal Caves: 2nd century Jain complexin Sittanavasal village in Pudukottai district

of Tamil Nadu. It is a rock-cut monastery ortemple created by Jains

Q.9 :c

Kabir started as a disciple of Ramanandhabut developed his own eclecticism. Hebelieved in one way to God and that is wellseen in his kirtans and in his quietmeditation.His idea of God is eclectic, with influencesfrom vaishnaivism, monism, Sufism and even

Sunya and Sabda. The Muslims Claimed him as Sufi, the Hindusas Rama Bhakta and the Sikhs incorporatedhis songs in Adi Granth.

Q.10 :d

In Sanchi, Gaya and Bharhut, all the Buddhistsculpture, even the Buddha himself wasnever shown, jus symbolised by emblems,empty throne, pair of foot prints and pipaltree.

The Schools of Gandhara which flourished inthe lower Kabul valley and near Peshawarand Mathura school which flourished underthe Kusana Kings produced the first imagesof the Buddha.

Q.11 :d

The aims of launching Individual Satyagrahawere- (i) to express people's feeling that theywere not interested in the war and they hadmade no distinction between Nazism and thedouble autocracy that ruled India; ii) to showthe nationalist patience was not due toweakness; iii) to give another opportunity tothe Government to Congress' demandspeacefully.Gandhi decided to initiate a limitedSatyagraha on an individual basis by a fewselected individuals in every locality . Thedemand of the Satyagrahi would be thefreedom of speech against the war throughan anti-war declaration. ( 2nd World War).Hence option (c) is incorrect.

Q.12 :b

The Communal Award was announced by theBritish PM , Ramsay Macdonald, in August1932.Gandhi saw the Communal Award as anattack on Indian unity and nationalism. Headvocated that once the depressed classes

were treated as a separate political entity,the question of abolishing untouchabilitywould get undermined, while separateelectorates would ensure that theuntouchables would remain untouchables inperpetuity.Gandhi demanded that the depressedclasses be elected through joint and if possible a wider electorate through universalfranchise, while expressing no objection tothe demand for a larger number of reservedseats. And to press his demands, he went onan indefinite fast on Sept. 1932.

Q.13 :c

The GOI Act 1919, also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms did not introduceresponsible government at the Centrethough Indians were to have greaterinfluence over there as the number of Indians in the Governor-General's executiveCouncil was raised to 3 in a Council of 8. TheIndian members were entrusted withdepartments like that of law, Education ,

labour , Health and Industries. The distribution of seats among the differentprovinces was not made on the basis of population but on the basis of theirimportance like, for instance, Punjab andBombay were given seats on the basis of there military importance and commercialimportance respectively.

Q.14 :b

During the arrival of Gandhiji in India, the INCwas far more active in a political sensebecause it had set up branches in almost allmajor towns & cities; the SwadeshiMovement (1905) broadened Congress'appeal in the middle classes & saw toweringleaders like Tilak, Lajpat Rai, Bipin ChandraPal-which conveyed their message of theirstruggle at all-India level. Hence, 1stStatement is incorrect.Ahmedabad Mill Strike was Gandhi's firsthunger strike( Fast unto Death) to resolvethe issue between the mill owners and theworkers over the issue of discontinuation of

the Plague Bonus, wherein the workersdemanded 35% increase in wages but the


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owners were willing to only 20% increase inwages.Hence, 2nd Statement is correct.Gandhi's initiatives of Champaran,Ahmedabad and Kheda , though marked himas a nationalist leader. But at the same time, these were localised struggles (Gujarat) and

were not carried out at an all-India level.Hence, 3rd Statement is incorrect.

Q.15 :c

The Congress Socialist Party was launched in1934, to work within the Congress, tostrengthen it, to mould and shape itspolicies.

Their ideological inspiration came fromMarxism and Democratic Socialism and theystood for anti-Imperialism, nationalism and

Socialism, whereas , it was Revolutionary Terrorists who were inspired by the methodsof Russian nihilists and Irish nationalists.Hence only 3rd statement is incorrect.

They stood for complete independence andSocialism and they advocated Swaraj not forthe classes but for the masses.

Q.16 :a

In the early centuries of Islam, a group of religious minded people called the 'Sufis'

turned into ascetism & mysticism in protestagainst the growing materialism of theCaliphate as a religious and politicalinstitution. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

The Sufis were critical of the dogmaticdefinitions & scholastic methods of interpreting the Quran and 'Sunna'(traditions of Prophet) adopted by thetheologians. Instead they laid emphasis onseeking salvation through intense devotion &love for God. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.Some Sufis initiated movements againstradical interpretations of sufi ideals. They

ignored rituals & practised extremeascetism, observed celibacy, etc- they wereknown by different names like - " Qalandars','Madaris', 'Malangs', ' Haidaris', etc. Becauseof their deliberate defiance of sharia theywere known as 'be-sharia' , in contrast tothose Sufis who complied with the sharia(ba-sharias). Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Q.17 :b

Except 3rd statement, all the statements arecorrect.

Under August offer 1940, the framing of thenew Constitution should be primarily the

responsibility of Indian themselves andshould originate from Indian conception of the social , economic and political structureof Indian life.

The Cripps Mission, 1942, declared that anelected body, charged with the task of

framing a new Constitution. Also theprovision shall be made for the participationof Indian States in the constitution-makingbody.

The Wavell Plan , 1945, proposed thereconstitution of the Governor-General'sExeutive Council pending the preparation of a new Constitution. with the exception of theGovernor General and the Commander inChief ( who would retain his position as aWar member) all other members of theExecutive council would be nominated fromamongst the leaders of political life. Hence,

3rd statement is incorrect. The Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946 mostimportantly it rejected the demand of Muslimleague for Pakistan and recommended for aUnion of India , consisting of British India andPrincely states which should deal with thesubjects of Foreign Affairs , Defence andCommunications and they should havepowers to raise the finances of thesesubjects.

Q.18 :b

Khond uprising from 1837 to 1856 weredirected against the British, in which tribalof Ghumsar, china-ki-medi, kalahandi andPatna actively participated. The movementwas led by Chakra Bisoi in the name of young Raja. The main issue was the attemptby the government to suppress humansacrifice - Mariah System (Traditional HumanSacrifice practiced by the Khonds),introduction of new taxes, influx of Zamindars and sahookars into their areas.

The British formed a Mariah Agency tocounter this movement.

Tirut Singh was leader of Khasi uprising.Hence only statement 3 and 4 are correctand option B is correct.

Q.19 :b

College of Fort William was an academy and learningcentre of Oriental Studies established by LordWellesley, the then Governor-General of BritishIndia . It aimed at training British officials in Indianlanguages and in the process it fostered thedevelopment of languages such as Bengali and

Urdu. Hence, 1st statement is incorrect.


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Charter Act of 1833 proposed the openCompetition in civil services for the first time, but after opposition from court of directorsit was negated.And finally it was done in1854. Hence, 2nd statement is correct.In 1860, 1866 and 1878 , maximum age of

candidates for civil services examination wasrespectively reduced to 22, 21 and finally to19 years in 1878. Hence, 3rd statement isincorrect.

Q.20 :d

The GOI Act, 1935 proposed an All IndiaFederation consisting of provinces andprincely states as units but such a structurebut the Federation never came into existenceas the princely states did not join it. Hence,

1st statement is incorrect.Dyarchy was abolished in provincesonly.Hence, 2nd statement is incorrect.It extended the communal representation todepressed classes ( SCs) , women and labour(workers) too.Hence, only 3rd statement iscorrect.

Q.21 :a

All the statements are correct exceptstatement 3.

The Deoband Movement (1866) wasorganized by the orthodox section among theMuslim ulema ( Mohammad Qasim Nanotaviand Rashid Ahmed Gangohi) as a revivalistmovement with the twin objectives of propagating pure teachings of the Quran andthe Hadis among Muslims and keeping alivethe spirit of jihad against the foreign rulers.On the political front , Deoband Schoolwelcomed the formation of Congress andissued fatwa( religious decree) against SirSyed Ahmed Khan's Mohammaden Anglo-Oriental Association.

Q.22 :d

Abundance of elements in earth is differentthan that in earth's crust.Oxygen is the mostabundant element in earth's crust but whenconsidered overall earth, iron the mostabundant.Iron - 32%, Oxygen- 30%, Silicon - 15%,Magnesium- 14%.Moreover, around 91 % of earth mass isconstituted by these four elements. Next in

line are Sulpher, Nickel, Calcium andAluminium.

Q.23 :c

The average composition of gases by volume isaccording to the chart

Component

Symbol

Volume

Nitrogen

N2

78.084%

99.998%

Oxygen

O2

20.947%

Argon

Ar

0.934%

CarbonDioxide

CO2

0.033%

Neon

Ne

18.2 parts per million

Helium

He


Krypton

Kr


Sulfurdioxide

SO2


Methane

CH4


Hydrogen

H2

0.5 parts per millionOf these the composition of CO2, water vapour,Methane, Nitogen oxide, etc have variableconcentration.

Q.24 :a

Discovery of many spindles and spindlewhorls in the houses of Indus valleycivilisation.W heat and barley was common to all

Harappan areas but few sites like Lothalshow traces of Rice cultivation as well. They did worship male deities and Mother


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goddess but temple worship was notpracticed.

Q.25 :d

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is theamount of dissolved oxygen needed byaerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic materialpresent in a given water sample.It measures only biodegradable waste unlikeCOD (chemical oxygen demand) thatmeasures both bio and non bio degradable.Higher the value of BOD indicates lowcontent of DO in water.

Q.26 :c

Importance of pulse crops-

Pulses are leguminous crops. Beingleguminous crops, all these crops exceptArhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixingnitrogen from the air.Water requirement for pulses is lower ascompared to other crops and hence it helpsin conserving soil moisture for the nextseason of cropping.Pulses can be grown on residual moisture asa relay crop requiring no-tillage or after-

tillage operation.Reduce soil erosion by wind and water.Increase soil aeration and also improves soilwater-holding capacity.

The ability of pulses to feed the soil differentcompounds has the effect of increasing thenumber and diversity of soil microbesHence, statement 1 is incorrect as it saysopposite is true. rest two are correct as seenfrom above.

Q.27 :d

Cholesterol can both be produced by thebody itself and obtained from food sources.Cholesterol plays an important part in thehuman body. Its functions are as follows:Hormone production- Cholesterol plays a partin producing hormones such as estrogen,testosterone, progesterone, aldosterone andcortisone.Vitamin D production- Vitamin D is producedwhen the sun’s ultraviolet rays reach thehuman skin surface.Bile production- Cholesterol produces bileacids which aid in digestion and vitamin

absorption.Cell membrane support- Cholesterol plays a

very important part in both the creation andmaintenance of human cell membrane.In humans, cholesterol serves three mainfunctions. It is used by certain glands tomanufacture steroid or cortisone-likehormones, including sex hormones; it helps

the liver to produce bile acids, which areessential to the digestion of fats; and, mostimportant, it is a main component of cellmembranes and structures, a kind of buildingblock for bodily tissues. Without it,mammalian life would not be possible.

The problem with cholesterol arises when thebody has too much of it, or has deposits of itin the wrong places.Hence option D is correct.

Q.28 :c

Induced seismicity refers to typicallyminor earthquakes and tremors that are causedby human activity that alters the stresses andstrains on the Earth's crust. Most induced seismicityis of a low magnitude. This may occur due to variouscauses:

Artificial LakesMining and Extraction activitiesWaste disposal wellsGeothermal EnergyNuclear Bomb Explosion

Q.29 :d

1. An Earthquake is a tremor producingdestructive waves in the Earth's Crust.

2. Richter Scale is a logarithmic scale thatmeasures the magnitude -- and thus, energy-- of a quake. The magnitude increases tentimes with each unit increase in Richtervalue. The energy increases 31.7 times. It isan objective mathematical scale measuredon the basis of reading in the Seismograph.

There is no upper limit of Richter Scale.3. Mercalli intensity Scale measures the impact

of an Earthquake based on empiricalobservation. It varies from 1 (not felt) to 12(total destruction).

Q.30 :c

1. Shelter belts: In the coastal and dryregions, rows of trees are planted to checkthe wind movement to protect soil cover.

2. Mulching: The bare ground between plantsis covered with a layer of organic matter like

straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.3. Contour barriers: Stones, grass, soil are


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used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers tocollect water.

4. Terrace farming: These are made on thesteep slopes so that flat surfaces areavailable to grow crops. They can reduce

surface run-off and soil erosion.

Q.31 :b

Public Debt in India includes only Internaland External Debt incurred by the CentralGovernment.Internal Debt includes liabilities incurred byresident units in the Indian economy to otherresident units, while External Debt includesliabilities incurred by residents to non-residents.The major instruments covered

under Internal Debt are - Dated Securities,Treasury-Bills, Securities issued to

International Financial Institutions, etc.External Debt consists of Multilateral,bilateral, IMF and Rupee debt.Public account liabilities comprises of smallsavings collections into NSSF, PF and bondtowards oil, food and fertiliser subsidiesamong others. These are liabilities on thegovernment with an interest component,however these are not a part of Public Debt.

Q.32 :c

Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is an indicator of business activity -- both in the manufacturing andservices sectors. It is a survey-based measures thatasks the respondents about changes in theirperception of some key business variables from themonth before. It is calculated separately for themanufacturing and services sectors and then acomposite index is constructed.

• A figure above 50 denotes expansion inbusiness activity. Anything below 50 denotescontraction. Hence, option 1 is incorrect.

• It is a composite index based on five of the individual indexes with the following weights:New Orders - 0.3, Output - 0.25, Employment - 0.2,Suppliers’ Delivery Times - 0.15, Stock of ItemsPurchased - 0.1. Hence, it is incorrect.

• It is published on a monthly basis byMarket Research and HSBC.

• It collects data only from the privatesector.

Q.33 :b

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) was introducedfor the ‘zero tax’ companies. It is a form of Direct tax while Service tax is Indirect tax.Biggest source of revenue is corporation tax.

Q.34 :d

Statement 1 is false because In India,although trade deficit is a recurrent featureevery year , for three consecutive years from2001-02, 2002-03 to 2003-04, there was asurplus on the current account, to the tune of 0.7, 1.3 and 2.3 percents of GDPrespectively. This is because that earningsfrom services and private transfersoutweighed the trade deficit.

Statement 2 is false because The currentaccount records exports and imports ingoods and services and transfer payments.Statement 3 is false because the purchase of shares and bonds i.e Portfolio Investmentthough a part of Capital Account but theincome derived from these assets is recordedin the current account ; the capital accountentry will just be for any buying or selling of the portfolio assets in the internationalcapital market.

Q.35 :d

All the statements are true except 5thstatement.

Q.36 :c

Net neutrality lays down responsibilty onboth internet serviceprovider and government for notdiscriminating data in terms of speed andpricing.It is also related to over the top services suchas Whatsapp, Skype, etc.Gives way to innovation and provide levelplaying field especially to start-ups.

Q.37 :a

SIT has been formed with the primary aim of investigating into matters of black moneystashed outside India.Black money bill, 2015 is a money bill as it

deals with imposition of taxes on moneywhich has not been declared; providing for


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compliance window.Benami transaction prohibition (amendment)bill, 2015 deals with benami transactionstaking place especially in real estate.

G20 is playing a crucial role in ensuring

international cooperation and pressuring taxhavens for disclosing details.

Q.38 :b

The Universe is full of matter and theattractive force of gravity pulls all mattertogether. In 1990s when Hubble Space Telescopemade observation about faster acceleration,the theory of Dark Energy was put forward asa possible explanation. While special

relativity constrains objects in the Universefrom moving faster than light with respect toeach other when they are in a local,dynamical relationship, it places notheoretical constraint on the relative motionbetween two objects that are globallyseparated and out of causal contact. It isthus possible for two objects to becomeseparated in space by more than thedistance light could have travelled, whichmeans that, if the expansion remainsconstant, the two objects will never comeinto causal contact.

Red Shift and Blue shift depend on therelative motion of objects - if they are comingtogether, the light will show blue shift and if they are receding, it will show red shift.Andromeda, our closest galaxy shows BlueShift.

Q.39 :b

Official Language Act (1963), and not theconstitution, lays down that English shouldbe mandatorily used for the purpose of communication between Union and non-Hindistates.President has the power to direct a state toofficially recognize a language in that state if he is satisfied that a substantial portion of population of state desires so.Constitution has empowered Parliament todecide any other language also to be used inthe proceedings of the SC. However,Parliament has made no law till now, sopresently only English is being used in theproceedings of the SC. There is noconstitutional mandate of imposition of English.

Q.40 :a

District Council in an autonomous districtconsists of 30 members.26 are elected on the basis of adult franchiseand 4 are nominated by the governor.

The district councils have power to makelaws on specific matters like land, forest,property, marriage etc. (not all matters) fortheir territorial jurisdiction subjected to theapproval of governor.

Q.41 :b

Art 323A empowers Parliament to provide forestablishment of administrative tribunals forcentre, states, local bodies, publiccorporations, and other public authorities. In

pursuance of this article Parliament passedthe Administrative Tribunals Act. This actauthorizes the Central Government toestablish one Central Administrative tribunaland the state administrative tribunals.Art 323B empowers the Parliament and statelegislatures to establish tribunals foradjudicating disputes over matter other thanadministrative.Administrative tribunals created under Article323-A do not operate in a hierarchy sincethere is one for the centre and one for eachstate. While for tribunals under art 323B

hierarchy may be created.

Q.42 :d

Original jurisdiction of the SC does notinclude Inter-state water disputes, disputearising out of pre-constitution treaty,agreement, covenant, sanad etc, recovery of damages by a state against centre the suitbrought by a citizen against the centre orstates.

Q.43 :a

While the moderates demandedconstitutional reforms and share of Indians inservice, extremists demanded Swarajya.Poorna Swaraj was not in picture until thetimes of Bhagat Singh and Lahore congresssession. The first statement is correct.

The campaign to boycott Foreign goodsduring the Swadeshi movement was startedby the Moderates. Extremists wanted to

extend this campaign beyond the boycottand in other regions outside Bengal.


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Q.44 :b

As per the the Wavell's plan, the Indian

representation in the Viceroy's executivecouncil was not just half. It proposed thatexcept for governor general and commanderin chief, all the members of executive councilto be Indians.Hindus and Muslims to have equalrepresentation and the league demandedthat all the Muslim representatives to be itsnominees.It did not propose for immediate setting up of constituent assembly. It proposed for newconstitution once the war is won.

Q.45 :b

The tribal inhabitants of Chota Nagpurrebelled violently against the high revenuerates between 1820 and 1837.

The Chuar rebellion was in and around theregion of Midnapur in Bengal.Sanyasi rebellion was in and around eastbengal.Bhill uprising was in Khandesh region of Maharashtra

Q.46 :c

The maximum and minimum strength of theLegislative council has been fixed by theconstitution. The maximum strength is onethird of the strength of the legislativeassembly. Minimum is fixed at 40 with someexceptions.

The actual strength of the council is fixed bythe Parliament.

The propriety of the nomination of 1/6th members to the council by governorcannot be challenged in any court.Governor can nominate to council, personshaving experience in art, literature, science,social service and cooperative movement.

Q.47 :d

Digital inclusion is the ability of individualsand groups to access and use informationand communication technologies.NOFN aims to connect all Panchayats tointernet.Shifting from 2G to 3G does not essentially

guarantee ‘inclusion’ or spread of newconnections; it merely indicates increase in

speed of internet access.National Telecom Policy, 2012 envisionsspread of internet connection to masses.Promotion of Domestic ElectronicManufacturing will decrease cost of production and more internet devices would

be available at affordable rates and internetpenetration will increase.Promotion of Mobile and web applications inIndian Languages will make internet usagesmore accessible to common man.

Q.48 :d

Cultivation on mountain slopes withoutappropriate land treatment measures suchas bounding terracing and trenching causesoil erosion and loss of soil nutrients

All remaining options can lead to acceleratedsoil erosion.

Q.49 :a

Declaration of area as Sanctuary –When anyarea comprised within any reserve forest orany part of the territorial waters, which isconsidered by the State Government to be of adequate ecological, faunal,geomorphological, natural or zoologicalsignificance for the purpose of protecting,

propagating or developing wildlife or itsenvironment, is to be included in asanctuary,Provided that where any part of the territorial waters is to be so included,prior concurrence of the Central Governmentshall be obtained by the State Government.No alteration of the boundaries of asanctuary shall be made except on aresolution passed by the Legislation of theState.Activities permitted – The Chief WildlifeWarden may, on application, grant to anyperson a permit to enter or reside in asanctuary for all or any of the followingpurposes, namely:

investigation or study of wildlife andpurposes ancillary or incidentalthereto;photography;scientific research;tourism; hence, 1st statement iscorrect.transaction of lawful business withany person residing in the sanctuary.

The Chief Wildlife Warden shall be theauthority who may regulate, control orprohibit, in keeping with the interests of

wildlife, the grazing or movement of livestock. He shall take such measures in


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such manner as may be prescribed, forimmunisation against communicablediseases of the livestock kept in or within fivekilometres of a sanctuary. Thus , grazing of livestock in the Wildlife Sanctuary is allowedunlike in National Park where it's not

permitted.Hence, 2nd statement is correct.Prohibition of entry into sanctuary withweapon – No person shall enter a sanctuarywith any weapon except with the previouspermission in writing of the Chief WildlifeWarden or the authorised officer. Thus,carrying of weapon is allowed but with priorpermission .Hence, 3rd statement isincorrect.

The Chief Wildlife Warden shall be theauthority who may regulate, control orprohibit, in keeping with the interests of wildlife, the grazing or movement of

livestock. He shall take such measures insuch manner as may be prescribed, forimmunisation against communicablediseases of the livestock kept in or within fivekilometres of a sanctuary.

Q.50 :b

Chlorofluorocarbons are also calledhalocarbons which are nontoxicnonflammable chemicals used inrefrigerants, propellants and solvents.

Though stable when released they breakapart and release chlorine atoms in thestratosphere destroying the ozone layer.Six main greenhouse gases are:Carbon dioxide (CO2);Methane (CH4);Nitrous oxide (N2O);Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs);Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); andSulphur hexafluoride (SF6)Hence only 3rd and 4th statements arecorrect and option (b) is the correct answer.

Q.51 :b

Acid rain occurs due to concentration of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in theatmosphere, which react water molecules inthe atmosphere too produce acids, which fallto the earth as acid rain.Acid deposition has many harmful effectsespecially when the pH falls below 5.1 forterrestrial systems and below 5.5 for aquaticsystems.It contributes to human respiratory diseasessuch as bronchitis and asthma, which can

cause pre- mature death. It also damagesstatues, buildings, metals and car finishes.

Acid deposition can damage tree foliagedirectly but the most serious effect isweakening of trees so they be- come moresusceptible to other types of damage. Thenitric acid and the nitrate salts in aciddeposition can lead to excessive soil nitrogen

levels. Hence only statement 1 and 4 arecorrect and option (b) is the correct

answer.

Q.52 :d

Black carbon is a component of soot,released during combustion, particularlyincomplete combustion of fossil fuels orbiomass.

They are released when carbon is onlypartially combusted. Hence Statement 1 and

2 are correct. The main sources of black carbon emissionsare burning of biomass in inefficient cookingstoves, diesel emissions from the transportsector and from generators (especially thosewithout pollution filters), and burning of otherfossil fuels and biomass in industry andpower production.Black carbon is released as a particle andhence falls in the category of particulatematter, not greenhouse gas.All particle emissions from a combustionsource are broadly referred to as particulate

matter (PM) and usually delineated by sizesless than 10 micrometres (PM10) or less than2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). Black carbon areultrafine particles or PM0.1, and pose astrong health risk. They also strongly absorblight and convert that energy to heat. Hencestatement 3 and 4 are also correct.Option (d) is the correct answer.

Q.53 :b

The Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers hasdecided to remove cap of 35 percent onneem-coated urea. Removing this cap willgive impetus to agri sector.Coating urea with neem has manyadvantages like the release of the nitrogenbecomes slow and it also helps reducing riskof disease in crops, However, this mayincrease the prices by around 5 percent andit will be absorbed by farmers as it has nosubsidy implication.

This will also help plugging the diversion of urea to non-agricultural uses and help raisethe efficiency of fertilizer use.

Q.54 :c


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Albedo is the reflective quality of a surface,expressed as the percentage of reflectedinsolation to incoming insolation.Arranging them in their decreasing value :Fresh snow (~80-95%), Deserts(~30%),Grasslands(~15-35%), Tropical

forests(~15%). The ocean surface is darker,reflecting only an average of about 10% of insolation.

Q.55 :c

Temperature inversion is reversal of normaltemperature pattern so that air temperatureincreases with altitude.

Conditions favorable to temperature inversion:

Calm winds will reduce vertical mixing.Clear skies will increase rate of surfacecooling.Longer nights will provide greater duration of cooling.Inversion is more common in winter due tolonger nights and Inversions are stronger inwinter because of the greater difference intemperature between the cool surface airand the warmer air aloft.A very low angle of the sun in the sky (as inwinter)Less daytime heating of air close to the

ground and surface.Dry air instead of saturated air is favorable totemperature inversion.

Q.56 :d

1. The valley of Narmada is situated betweenthe Satpuras and the Vindhyas. RiverNarmada flows from east to west in thisvalley and falls into the Arabian Sea. Thisvalley has been formed due to thesubsidence of the land mass between theVindhyas and the Satpuras. Hence all thestatements are correct.

Q.57 :b

Igneous rocks are produced by the crystallizationand solidification of molten magma. Some of thecharacteristics of igneous rocks include:

These rocks are solidified from moltenmagma.

These are not fossiliferrous rocks. They are granular and crystalline.

They are generally weathered by mechanicalweathering.

They are generally hard and water percolatein them with great difficulty.

Q.58 :d

Ocean productivity largely refers to theproduction of organic matter by"phytoplankton," plants suspended in theocean, most of which are single-celled.Phytoplankton.

They are "photoautotrophs," harvesting lightto convert inorganic to organic carbon, andthey supply this organic carbon to diverse"heterotrophs," organisms that obtain theirenergy solely from the respiration of organic

matter.Longitudinal variations, the ocean currents,seasonality, depth variation, temperatureand salinity all determines the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean waters.

Q.59 :c

Following are the conditions associated with summersolstice (21 June) in Northern Hemisphere:

The North Pole is tilted towards the sun and

its summer time in Northern Hemisphere,whereas South Pole is tilted away from thesun.In Northern Hemisphere days are longerthan the nights.Along the Arctic Circle a day is 24 hours longand there is no sunset, whereas along theAntarctic Circle night is 24 hours long andthere is no sunrise.All places within the Arctic Circle have 24hours daylight for 6 months and alsoexperience the midnight sun.

Q.60 :a

Mercury, Venus Earth and Mars are called theInner planets or Terrestrial planets.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune arecalled outer planets or Jovian planets.Inner planets are small in size and have highdensity, whereas outer planets are larger insize and have a low density.Inner planets are relatively hotter than theouter planets.

The planets closer to the sun than the earthi.e Mercury and Venus are called the inferior

planets. The planets located at a distance greater


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than the distance of the earth from the sunare called the superior planets. Mars, Jupiter,Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the superiorplanets.

Q.61 :a

The NCT of Delhi has a special status of being a UT with a Legislative Assembly andGovernment as per 69th ConstitutionalAmendment Act, 1991.Statement a. is correct. While Parliament hasthe power to legislate on all matters, StateAssembly has been given power to legislateon State List and Concurrent LIst exceptpolice, public order and land. In case of adispute, the Central Law prevails.Statement b. is incorrect. Both Lt. Governior

and Governors are appointed unilaterally bythe CentreStatement c. is incorrect. CM of NCT (Delhi)is appointed by the President and not the LG.CM of State is appointed by the Governor.

Q.62 :c

Rabies is perhaps the most well knowndisease associated with bats. Along withanimals such as dogs, foxes, raccoons, andskunks, bats are one of the primary animals

that transmit rabies.Rabies, especially a set of symptoms of thelater stages of an infection, in which thevictim has difficulty swallowing, shows panicwhen presented with liquids to drink andcannot quench its thirst.

Q.63 :c

Scheme for Persons Of Indian Origin:

Introduced in 2002.Eligibility criteria – open to all who canestablish that their ancestor until threegenerations back, were born in India.Citizen from bangladesh, Pakistan,Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China and srilanka are not eligible.A person with PIO card enjoy certain visabenefit while coming to India.People with PIO card cannot holdconstitutional post in India.PIO card holders enjoy parity with NRIs ineconomic, financial and educational benefits.

They do not have voting rights.

Q.64 :a

It is in news because, Former Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee and late educationistMadan Mohan Malviya (posthumously) havebeen chosen for Bharat Ratna- country’shighest civilian award.Bharat Ratna, the country’s highest civilian

award instituted in 1954, is given inrecognition of exceptional service,performance of the highest order in any fieldof human endeavour. Any person withoutdistinction of race, occupation, position orsex is eligible for this award.

The recommendations for Bharat Ratna aremade by the Prime Minister himself to thePresident.

Q.65 :d

All statements are correct.

Q.66 :d

Fish farming is cultivation of fish in acontrolled environment often a coastal orinland pond lake and harvesting when theyreach the desired size.Fish Ranching - A form of aquaculture inwhich a population of a fish species (such as

salmon) is held in captivity for the first stageof their lives, then released, and laterharvested as adults when they return fromthe sea to their freshwater birthplace tospawn.Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fallunder mariculture.

It involves raising fish commercially in tanks orenclosures, usually for food.

Q.67 :c

Wildlife Crime Control Bureau is a statutorymulti-disciplinary body established by theGovernment of India under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, to combatorganized wildlife crime in the country.WCCB has been tasked with functions understhe wildlife (protection) Act, 1972

The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau envisagesattaining excellence as intelligence andenforcement agency, matching internationalstandards in the field of wildlife crimeintelligence in its core capabilities,

functioning as one team integrated into theintelligence community. It aims to conserve


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the wildlife wealth by proper and effectiveintervention into matters related to capacitybuilding of enforcement agencies in the fieldof wildlife crime enforcement and byproviding professional assistance to createdeterrence to the organized wildlife crime

nexus.

Q.68 :d

Golden rice is a transgenic with enhancedvitamin A content, producing nutritionallyrich rice to save many livesFrost resistant tomatoes have been producedby introducing gene for anti freeze proteinsfrom polar fish living in ice water.Bt cotton is a genetically modified varietyof cotton producing an insecticide.

IR8 and Semi-dwarf IR36 Rice - The varietywas one of many of the GreenRevolution which replaced many local strainsand genetic diversity previously found in ricepaddies. It is estimated that over 100,000local strains were grown in 1960, which havebeen largely replaced by hybrid varieties.

Q.69 :c

The recommendation is to increase thestate’s share from the central pool of taxes.

This might affect the fiscal space of thecentre. To address this there will becommensurate reductions in the CentralAssistance to States (CAS) known as “plantransfers.”CAS transfers per capita are only mildlyprogressive as greater central discretionreduced progressivity. Implementing the FFCrecommendations would increaseprogressivity because progressive taxtransfers would increase, which gives greaterdiscretion and fiscal autonomy to the states.

The FFC transfers have more favorableimpact on the states which are relatively lessdeveloped which is an indication that the FFCtransfers are progressive i.e. states withlower per capita net state domestic product,receive on average much larger transfers percapita.

The Finance Commission is also required torecommend on ‘the measures needed toaugment the Consolidated Fund of a State tosupplement the resources of the Panchayatsand Municipalities in the State on the basis of the recommendations made by the FinanceCommission of the State’FFC has recommended distribution of grants

to States for local bodies using 2011population data with weight of 90% and area

with weight of 10%. The grants to States willbe divided into two, a grant to dulyconstituted Gram Panchayats and a grant toduly constituted Municipal bodies, on thebasis of rural and urban population.

Q.70 :c

As the lake is rich in organic nutrients theirwill be algal bloom and eutrophication of thelake and hence the algae will deprive thewater body of oxygen and fish will die.

Q.71 :b

Coral reefs are generally found at shallowsalty and mud - free water.

Q.72 :d

All are true.

Q.73 :c

Divisble pool, which gets divided betweenCenter and States in India, consists of alltaxes, except surcharges and cess levied bycentral government. Hence option C is

correct.

Q.74 :d

All the statements are true.

Q.75 :d

Manufacturing sector in India is facing followingproblems:

Regulatory hurdlesAccess to fundingInfrastructureLabour regulationsDisconnect between formal educationsystem and requirement of the employers

Government has launched National ManufacturingPolicy in 2011 to boost the manufacturing sector.

Q.76 :b

Labeling of environmentally beneficial goods

and resources extracted by more sustainablemethods can help consumers decide which


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goods and services to buy productecolabelling can encourage companies todevelop green products and services andhelp consumers select more environmentallybeneficial products and services.Eco-labels are also being used to certify that

the fish bearing ecolabels were caught byusing sustainable fishing methods and alsofor timber products to certify and trees wereharvested in accordance with by sustainableforest management principles.Eco label is issued by the central polutioncontrol board (CPCB).

Q.77 :c

Poly chlorinated biphenyles are obtained byburning of plastics and not agricultural

waste.

Q.78 :b

Polyvarietal agriculture is where severalgenetic varities of the same crop are plantedpolyculture is When different plants whichmature at various times are plantedtogether.

Q.79 :c

A photocell is a technological application of the photoelectric effect. It is a device whoseelectrical properties are affected by light. Aphotocell converts a change in intensity of illumination into a change in photocurrent.

The photocells, inserted in the door lightelectric circuit, are used as automatic dooropener. A person approaching a doorwaymay interrupt a light beam which is incidenton a photocell. The abrupt change inphotocurrent may be used to start a motorwhich opens the door or rings an alarm(burglar alarm)In burglar alarm, (invisible) ultraviolet light iscontinuously made to fall on a photocellinstalled at the doorway. A person enteringthe door interrupts the beam falling on thephotocell. The abrupt change in photocurrentis used to start an electric bell ringing.In fire alarm, a number of photocells areinstalled at suitable places in a building. Inthe event of breaking out of fire, lightradiations fall upon the photocell. Thiscompletes the electric circuit through anelectric bell or a siren which starts operatingas a warning signal.

Photocells are used in the reproduction of sound in motion pictures and in the

television camera for scanning andtelecasting scenes.

They are used in industries for detectingminor flaws or holes in metal sheets.

Q.80 :a

Since a Money Bill can only be introduced bya Minister thus, it is always a governmentBill. Hence, 1st statement is correct.

The Money Bill is one whichcontains only matters given in Article 110 of the Constitution. If any other matter is a partof a Bill, then that Bill can't be considered asa Money Bill. Hence, 2nd statement iscorrect.

The final authority to decide on status of aBill as Money Bill is the Lok Sabha Speaker,

not the President.Hence, 3rd statement isincorrect.

Q.81 :c

Collegium system is not mentioned inconstitution.

The government can return somerecommendations made by the collegium,but if they are reiterated it becomes binding

on the government.

Q.82 :d

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion state that-

All planets in the solar system move in ellipticalorbits with the Sun at one of the focal points

The radius vector drawn from the sun to a planetsweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals. Thisfollows from the fact that the force of gravitation onthe planet is central and hence angular momentumis conserved. This law comes from the observationsthat planets appear to move slower when they arefarther from the sun than when they are nearer.

In motion of an object under the gravitationalinfluence of another object the angular momentumand Total mechanical energy is conserved, but linearmomentum is not conserved.

Earth is also tilted on its axis and while travessingacross its orbit the northern hemisphere is tiltedtowards the sun by an angle to 23 and half degree.

Q.83 :d


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Stars twinkle because of disturbances in ouratmosphere. Hubble telescope was placed inspace, in order to gaze upon the universeunhindered by the veil of the atmosphere.Stars do not twinkle when viewed fromHubble telescope.

One of the first achievements of HST was todetermine the rate at which our universe hasbeen expanding i.e. Hubble Constant. Thisrequires an accurate measurement of thedistances of far away galaxies, which isalmost impossible with ground-basedtelescopes. This was one of the key projectsof the telescope. The observations with HSTsettled the rate of expansion within ten percent accuracy.Another revolutionary discovery inastronomy that HST helped to make was thatalmost every galaxy contains a black hole in

its centre. Observations with HST werecrucial in this discovery because of its abilityto measure the speed of gas near thecentres of galaxies.

Q.84 :a

The Speaker and Deputy Speaker do notmake and subscribe any separate oath whileassuming their office.Speaker does have the right to vote, but hecan cast his vote only in case of ties to

resolve the deadlock.Deputy Speaker is not sub-ordinate to thespeaker and is directly responsible to the LokSabha.Speaker continues to remain in office, till thenew Lok Sabha is constituted, even after thedissolution of the Lok Sabha.

Q.85 :b

Fundamental duties are inspired by theerstwhile Soviet Constitution. We haveadopted Directive principles from the IrishConstitution.Fundamental duties are confined only to thecitizens of India. Residents is a wider termthan citizens.Fundamental duties can be enforced in courtof law if the Parliament passes a law in thisregard.

Q.86 :b

The rights under Article 19 are protectedagainst only the state action and not against

the private individual. When the rights thatare available against the State’s action only

are violated by the private individuals, thereare no constitutional remedies but onlyordinary legal remedies. Therefore, under thecurrent case the aggrieved can’t move to theSupreme Court. Though, he can go the HighCourt because the writ jurisdiction of the

High Court is wider than that of the SupremeCourt, as High Court can issue writs even forthe enforcement of the ordinary rights.

Q.87 :c

Phytoremediation is a type of bioremediation technique. In this techniqueplant is used to decontaminate soil andwater. Mycoremediation is technique inwhich fungi is used to decontaminate thearea while mycofiltration is the use of fungi

to detoxicate water in soil.

Q.88 :d

Detrimental health effects of lead are failureof kidneys and brain function andinterference in development of Red Bloodcells. Lead has no effect on lungs or eyes.Byssinosis is known as brown lung disease iscaused due to exposure to cotton dust.

Q.89 :c

Astrosat-1 is India`s first satellite dedicatedto astronomy, which will scan the universe inx-ray, ultraviolet and visible light bands.Aditya-1 will be dedicated to solar coronalstudies and will contain Visible Emission LineSpace Solar Coronagraph -- the main payloadto study the coronal dynamics.GISAT is India’s ‘eye-in-the-sky’ which will bestationed 36,000 km above to maintainround-the-clock vigil and assist stateauthorities to tackle natural disasters, floodsand forest fires and keep a watch over thecountry`s sensitive borders.

Q.90 :b

A new technology developed in EU, whichinvolves changing a part of plant genomethat could be changed to render it lessvulnerable to disease or increase yields orother desirable traits.Researchers use “molecular scissors” tobreak apart a genome and then speed up therepair process thus mimicking the natural

action which occurs when plants are underattack from diseases.


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It doesn’t involve wholesome change of plantgenome or introduction of other organism’sgenes as in GM which is GM’s major criticism.Hence, statement 1 is wrong and statement2 is correct.

Q.91 :c

Sonar and Radar work on the same principleof detecting an object through detection of reflected waves or generated waves ( soundand radio respectively) from the object.SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) usessound waves and being a mechanical wavetravels further in the water. Moreso, in waterradio waves are easily absorbed and henceRADAR could not be used for large distances.Futher, SONAR could be used both in active

and passive mode.RADAR (Radio detection and ranging) aregenerally used for aerial detection as radiowaves have high penetration in air whereassound waves have low penetration in air.Futher, the speed of radio waves isthousands of times faster than sound waves.Hence, statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 iscorrect as range of SONAR will decrease asradio waves are absorbed more easily.Statement 3 is incorrect as sound waves arereadily absorbed in air

Q.92 :b

Clinically, a heat stroke occurs only afterbody temperature crosses 104 degrees F,when excessive metabolism leads to a sharpfall in blood pressure and oxygen levels, acondition called hypoxia.“Increase in metabolism primarily putspressure on the heart in a very short time. Itcauses expansion of vessels, a major drop inblood pressure, and hypoxia. Metabolismgoes haywire, creating a toxin overloadwhich affects multiple organs

- See more at: http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-toxin-overload-how-heat-kills/#sthash.Kr1b10Ss.dpuf

Q.93 :a

Lotic water system and Lentic water systemare types of fresh water ecosystem. Loticwater system means moving water system. Itincludes rivers, creeks, springs and brooks

etc.

Q.94 :a

Major difference between the two types of food chains lies in the primary source of energy which in the case of grazing foodchain comes from living plant biomass while

in the other from the dead organic matter.Both the food chains are found in terrestrialas well as aquatic ecosystem.

Q.95 :c

As per the law of thermodynamics, whichstate that there is loss of energy in eachprocess, with the conversion of energy fromone form to another or while passing of energy from one productivity level to otherenergy is always lost. Thus the pyramid of

energy is always upright.

Q.96 :d

The Global Innovation Index 2014 (GII), in its7th edition this year, is co-published byCornell University, INSEAD, and the WorldIntellectual Property Organization (WIPO, anagency of the United Nations, UN).

The theme of the 2014 GII, the ‘HumanFactor in Innovation’, explores the role of theindividuals and teams behind the innovation

process. Statistically capturing this humancontribution to innovation is a dauntingchallenge.India slipped off 10 places to 76th place.India is worst performer among BRICScountries. China - 29, Russia 49, SA – 53,Brazil 61 (each country is moving up placesexcept India).

Q.97 :c

Titan- USAK Computer –JapanMira –USA

Juqueen –GermanySequoia -USA

Q.98 :d

Convention on International Trade in

Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora

(CITES):

In order to regulate international trade inendangered species of Wild Life, the Convention on

International Trade in Endangered Species of wildfauna and flora (CITES) was signed in March 1973.


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World Heritage Convention:

India is a member of World Heritage Conventionresponsible for listing of World Heritage Sites, whichinclude both Cultural and natural sites. The WorldHeritage Convention is a Convention under the aegis

of the United Nations Educational, Scientific andCultural Organization (UNESCO). Wild Life wing of the Ministry of Environment and Forests isassociated with the conservation of the NaturalWorld Heritage sites.

The Convention on Conservation of MigratorySpecies (CMS) or Bonn Convention aims to conservemigratory species throughout their range. TheConvention came into force in 1979.

India is a signatory to the convention since 1983.

International Union for Conservation of Nature andNatural Resources - The IUCN Red List of ThreatenedSpecies (also known as the IUCN Red List or RedData List), conservation status of plant and animalspecies.

Q.99 :d

Biomethanation is anaerobic digestion of organic materials which is converted intobiogas, a gaseous combustible mixture, of methane (CH4). Biomethanation is a

biological treatment method that can beused to recover both nutrients and energycontained in wet biodegradable municipalwaste.Gasification is incomplete combustion whichproduces combustible gas such ashydrogen, synthetic fuels and is a processthat converts dry organic or fossil basedcarbonaceous materials into carbonmonoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide atelevated temperature (500-1800C)Pyrolysis uses heat to break downcombustible polymeric materials in theabsence of oxygen, producing a mixture of combustible gases (primarily methane,complex hydrocarbons, hydrogen, andcarbon monoxide), liquids and solid residues.

The products of pyrolysis process are: (i) agas mixture; (ii) a liquid (bio-oil/tar); (iii) asolid residue (carbon black).Incineration technology is completecombustion of waste with the recovery of heat to produce steam that in turn producespower through steam turbines. ButIncineration produces dioxins which are POPs(Persistent Organic Pollutants).

Q.100 :b

UN conference in Japan, adopted a treaty that willphase out mercury use by 2020. 110 countriessigned this treaty, will come into effect in 90 days.

The treaty sets a phase-out date of 2020 for a list of products and gives governments about 15 years toend all mercury mining. Countries need to adopt

alternative techs to phase out mercury use.

Mercury is released by natural processes as well asthru human use. It is absorbed by forming deep seasediment n in lake sediments. This is then absorbedby marine life n thru there it is consumed byhumans. Mercury affects the brains n kidneys asfound in the Minamata disaster.

East n South-east Asian countries are the biggestemitters of mercury, along with African n LatinAmerican countries.

Mercury is use in variety of electricalappliances, thermometers, barometers,blood pressure monitors. Artisanal n smallscale gold production accounts for highestmercury use.Coal combustion comes second in mercuryuse. Coal fired plants need to adopt othertechs to stop mercury emissions; fluorescentlamps n bulbs containing more than 5 mg of mercury are banned, mercury mining isbanned.

Mercury will be allowed in artisanal and small-

scale gold mining, dental filling are exempt from2020 ban, though they are encouraged to minimizeits use; switches, relays, mercury containingbatteries are banned in 2020. Thermometers,Barometers, blood pressure monitors using mercuryare banned. Use of mercury in religious n traditionalceremonies is exempt from ban.

Incidentally, the treaty does not focus much on theemission levels nor does it specify any threshold foremissions. Like in case of coal fired power plants.Mercury is most unregulated metal, though US n EUhas placed some control on its trade. But China n

Japan have not banned the export of the metal, butnow with the signing of the treaty an export ban islikely.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 & 3are correct.


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