testbeds:bridges from testbeds:bridges from research to infrastructureresearch to infrastructure

Ashkan sobhani

What is testbeds?What is testbeds?

Any project experimenting with new Any project experimenting with new capabilities.capabilities.

Testbeds are complex combinations Testbeds are complex combinations of technology and peaple.of technology and peaple.

Some testbeds are aimed at specificSome testbeds are aimed at specific

Communities ,others strive for more Communities ,others strive for more ambitious scale.ambitious scale.

Good testbedsGood testbeds

The most good testbeds must be The most good testbeds must be consist of the right balance of consist of the right balance of scale,component technologies,and scale,component technologies,and coupling between the envisioned coupling between the envisioned capabilities of technology and the capabilities of technology and the need of the target communities.need of the target communities.

developing,testing,and refining a developing,testing,and refining a technology are the function of a testbedtechnology are the function of a testbed

The two type of create systems:The two type of create systems:

1.expansion,biger,faster,… of currently 1.expansion,biger,faster,… of currently availabe systems.availabe systems.

2.Cannot be acomplished by mere 2.Cannot be acomplished by mere extensions of current technology.extensions of current technology.

In the second type for building In the second type for building computational grids,testbeds are critical in computational grids,testbeds are critical in at least three ways:at least three ways:

1.Scale of integration1.Scale of integration

2.Building communities2.Building communities

3.Mitigating risk 3.Mitigating risk

History of the NetworkHistory of the NetworkThe grandfather of internet

ARPANETARPANET

During the early 1960s, researchers During the early 1960s, researchers in United States began to develop in United States began to develop the concept of communications the concept of communications network that would send information network that would send information in packets.in packets.

ARPANET(cont.)ARPANET(cont.) In 1958, the Advanced Research Projects Agency In 1958, the Advanced Research Projects Agency

(ARPA) of the Department of Defense (DoD) was (ARPA) of the Department of Defense (DoD) was createdcreated

1969 - DARPA launched ARPANET. The network 1969 - DARPA launched ARPANET. The network was designed to help government scientists was designed to help government scientists communicate and share information. It was communicate and share information. It was originally developed to allow researchers to log-in originally developed to allow researchers to log-in and run programs on remote computers, but it and run programs on remote computers, but it quickly became a tool for sharing information quickly became a tool for sharing information through file transfer, electronic mail, and interest through file transfer, electronic mail, and interest group mailing lists.group mailing lists.

Batch processing=>timeshared useBatch processing=>timeshared use

ARPANET(cont.)ARPANET(cont.)

ARPANET December 1969From ARPANET Completion Report, BBN, 1978

ARPANET(cont.)ARPANET(cont.)

Build an interface message Build an interface message processor(IMP) that would be the processor(IMP) that would be the building block to a packet-switched building block to a packet-switched network.network.

Packet-switched network,having Packet-switched network,having been proven viable by ARPANET.been proven viable by ARPANET.

POST-ARPANET NETWORK POST-ARPANET NETWORK TESTBEDSTESTBEDS

Durring the late 1970s and early Durring the late 1970s and early 1980s,ARPANET testbeds results 1980s,ARPANET testbeds results made their way to infrastructure.made their way to infrastructure.

Influenced the computer industry.Influenced the computer industry. MILNET was created to interconnect MILNET was created to interconnect

defense sites using ARPANET defense sites using ARPANET technology.technology.

Schlumberger use ARPANET tech. for Schlumberger use ARPANET tech. for its worldwide corpoate networkits worldwide corpoate network

POST-ARPANET NETWORK POST-ARPANET NETWORK TESTBEDSTESTBEDS

New companies formed commercialized New companies formed commercialized the technology for example: GTETelenet & the technology for example: GTETelenet & TymnetTymnet

The ARPANET testbed concepts and The ARPANET testbed concepts and technology led to other government and technology led to other government and academic network projects such as: academic network projects such as: CSNET,BITNET,MFENET,ESNET, NSFNETCSNET,BITNET,MFENET,ESNET, NSFNET

The second generation of network was The second generation of network was created.created.

NSFnetNSFnet Started off connecting 5 Supercomputer Centers Started off connecting 5 Supercomputer Centers

between 1985 and 1986.between 1985 and 1986.• JvNSC, SDSC, NCSA, CTC, PSCJvNSC, SDSC, NCSA, CTC, PSC

The origenal goals of NSFNET program were to The origenal goals of NSFNET program were to use ARPANET tech. to provide infrastructure for use ARPANET tech. to provide infrastructure for supercomputer user.supercomputer user.

Grew to connect Universities and Regional NetsGrew to connect Universities and Regional Nets

Served as the Internet’s backboneServed as the Internet’s backbone• grew even further and faster as the Internet grewgrew even further and faster as the Internet grew

NSFnet(cont.)NSFnet(cont.) A three-layer model A three-layer model 1.A bckbone network1.A bckbone network 2.Mid-layer network2.Mid-layer network 3.Campus network3.Campus network

Use internet protcol (IP,TCP)Use internet protcol (IP,TCP)

The selection of IP & interconnecting LANsThe selection of IP & interconnecting LANs =>need for routers in the NSFNET backbone=>need for routers in the NSFNET backbone

Use minicomputer based routers called Use minicomputer based routers called “fuzzballs”“fuzzballs”

NSFNET Network StructureNSFNET Network Structure

Individual Campuses, Organizations, Research Institutions etc.

MID-LEVEL REGIONAL NETWORKS e.g. BARRNET, CERFNET, SURANET, etc.

INTERCONNECTED BACKBONE NETWORKS(NSFNET, ESNET, NSI, MILNET, EUNET)

Backbone

Regional Access Providers

LocalAccess Providers

NSFNET Network StructureNSFNET Network Structure

Backbone

Network Access Providers

InternetServiceProvider

vBNS - Very High Speed Backbone

LocalServiceProvider

California WashingtonNew YorkChicago

Sprint MCI AT&T AOL UUNET PSI

LocalProviders

LocalProviders

NSFnet(cont.)NSFnet(cont.)

NSFnet(cont.)NSFnet(cont.) Gange in protocols and create translator program(GATED)Gange in protocols and create translator program(GATED)

Generate monitoring protocols as SGMPGenerate monitoring protocols as SGMP

Add the congestion control to protocolAdd the congestion control to protocol

It was soon upgraded to T1 speeds (1.5 Mbps).It was soon upgraded to T1 speeds (1.5 Mbps).

In 1989, it was apparent that even greater bandwidth would In 1989, it was apparent that even greater bandwidth would be needed and it was upgraded to T3 (45 Mbps) in 1991.be needed and it was upgraded to T3 (45 Mbps) in 1991.

19951995• Internet is served by multiple commercial backbonesInternet is served by multiple commercial backbones• NSF shuts the NSFnet downNSF shuts the NSFnet down

NSFnet(cont.)NSFnet(cont.)

Gigabit Testbed programGigabit Testbed program

DARPA & NSF & CNRI proposedDARPA & NSF & CNRI proposed

a major program in high-speed neworks.a major program in high-speed neworks.

The initiative would attempt to answer two The initiative would attempt to answer two quastions:quastions:

1.How woud a gigabit-per-second network 1.How woud a gigabit-per-second network be architected?be architected?

2.What would its utility be to end users?2.What would its utility be to end users?

Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)

Five testbeds were formed in 1990.Five testbeds were formed in 1990.

That consist of:That consist of:

1.CASA: focused on ditributed 1.CASA: focused on ditributed supercompting applications.the CASA supercompting applications.the CASA network constructed by using HIPPI network constructed by using HIPPI switches interconnected by HIPPI-switches interconnected by HIPPI-over-SONET at OC-12(622 Mb/s).over-SONET at OC-12(622 Mb/s).

Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)

2.BLANCA:included virtual 2.BLANCA:included virtual enviroment,remote visulization and enviroment,remote visulization and multimedia digital libraries.using ATMmultimedia digital libraries.using ATM

switches running over 622 Mb/s.switches running over 622 Mb/s.

3.VISTANET:supported the 3.VISTANET:supported the development of a radiation development of a radiation treatment planning application.Using treatment planning application.Using an ATM network at oc-12(622 Mb/s).an ATM network at oc-12(622 Mb/s).

Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)

4.NECTAR:focus on the application 4.NECTAR:focus on the application work involved coupling work involved coupling supercomputers running chemical supercomputers running chemical reaction dynamics.reaction dynamics.

5.AURORA:Focused on network and 5.AURORA:Focused on network and computer science issues.Using ATM computer science issues.Using ATM switches & interconnections at OC-switches & interconnections at OC-12(622 Mb/s).12(622 Mb/s).

Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)

At the same time, the fact that the At the same time, the fact that the testbeds combind research at testbeds combind research at multiple layers( from hardware to multiple layers( from hardware to network protocol to middleware to network protocol to middleware to applications)applications)

Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)Gigabit Testbed program(cont.) The important results of these testbeds The important results of these testbeds

are:are:1.Feasibility of using ATM in a high-1.Feasibility of using ATM in a high-

performance network.performance network.

2.Successful demonstration of OC-3(155 2.Successful demonstration of OC-3(155 Mb/s),OC-12(622 Mb/s),OC-48 (2.4 Gb/s).Mb/s),OC-12(622 Mb/s),OC-48 (2.4 Gb/s).

Thus technology deployment within the Thus technology deployment within the telecommunications industry was telecommunications industry was accelerated by the gigabit testbeds.accelerated by the gigabit testbeds.

SYSTEM TESTBEDSSYSTEM TESTBEDS Testbeds have been used in the development of Testbeds have been used in the development of

hardware,software,and systems.hardware,software,and systems.

Two testbed efforts durring the past several years Two testbed efforts durring the past several years illustrate the advantages of using existing illustrate the advantages of using existing network technology.network technology.

These are significantly different from network These are significantly different from network testbeds.testbeds.

Focus on improvement the software technology.Focus on improvement the software technology.

SYSTEM TESTBEDSSYSTEM TESTBEDS

These testbeds consist of:These testbeds consist of:

1.I-WAY:attempted to exploit the multiple 1.I-WAY:attempted to exploit the multiple ATM testbeds for support high-ATM testbeds for support high-performance application in science performance application in science engineering.engineering.

2.ARIES:was aimed at exploiting existing 2.ARIES:was aimed at exploiting existing ATM services to support applications ATM services to support applications important to the oil industry.important to the oil industry.

I-WAYI-WAY

I-WAY applications were classified into five I-WAY applications were classified into five general categories:general categories:

1.Distributed supercomputing1.Distributed supercomputing 2.Remote visualization2.Remote visualization 3.Collaborative enviroment3.Collaborative enviroment 4.Distributed supercomputing coupled4.Distributed supercomputing coupled with collaborative enviromentwith collaborative enviroment 5.video 5.video

THE LANDSCAPE IN 1998THE LANDSCAPE IN 1998

Several important network testbeds Several important network testbeds are worth examining today as are worth examining today as well,including the well,including the vBNS,AAInet,CAIRN,SuperJANET and vBNS,AAInet,CAIRN,SuperJANET and CANET*2CANET*2

TESTBEDS FOR FUTURETESTBEDS FOR FUTURE

Evolution and RevolutionEvolution and Revolution

Getting real user involvedGetting real user involved

Funding and OrganizationFunding and Organization

Evolution and RevolutionEvolution and Revolution

The testbeds cited have proven that The testbeds cited have proven that evolution is one of the most important evolution is one of the most important characteritics of producing revolutonary characteritics of producing revolutonary results in computing and information results in computing and information technolgy.technolgy.

In addition,testbeds focused on In addition,testbeds focused on revolutionary technologies of the day revolutionary technologies of the day eventually evolved into broad-based eventually evolved into broad-based classes of applicationsclasses of applications

Getting Real Users involvedGetting Real Users involved

A major advantage of testbeds is to get A major advantage of testbeds is to get real users involved real users involved

This marriage of user and technology is This marriage of user and technology is often the key to success .often the key to success .

Success or refinements in any given Success or refinements in any given testbeds will lead to the definition of the testbeds will lead to the definition of the next wave of testbeds which can bring next wave of testbeds which can bring new users,technologies,… new users,technologies,…

Funding and OrganizationFunding and Organization

Sustained funding for a series of Sustained funding for a series of testbeds is essential to realize their testbeds is essential to realize their potential and,even more important,to potential and,even more important,to attract the attract the users,experiments,researches users,experiments,researches needed to drive the testbed to meet needed to drive the testbed to meet the aggressive goals. the aggressive goals.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

Larg and small testbeds have been key Larg and small testbeds have been key contributors to today’s core contributors to today’s core networking,software,and computing networking,software,and computing infrastructure.infrastructure.

The successful construction of the national-scale The successful construction of the national-scale grid enviroments will require careful choices as grid enviroments will require careful choices as we select the technologies and communities that we select the technologies and communities that will form the testbeds for tomorrowwill form the testbeds for tomorrow

Tank you.Tank you.