Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering Technical English Chemical, Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering Departments

M. Sc. Preparatory Year Time: 3 hours Make Up Exam 1998 / 1999

Open Book Examination

You are advised to read the whole exam first, then select questions; reread each question before answering. Plan your time to include revision of your answers.

Question 1 The text on Page 3 has paragraphs fused together.

A) Define where each one of the paragraphs starts and where it ends. B) Define the type of each paragraph: introductory, body, conclusion. C) Define the thesis statement for these paragraphs then propose a title for the

whole text. Put down your answer directly on the attached text (of Page 3) and submit Page 3 with your answer booklet. Please, do not put your name or any signs that may divulge you identity. Question 2 Define (i) the type(s) of error and (ii) propose a correct version only if the sentence is faulty:

a- In writing texts on new subjects, the techniques for discovering ideas could be very useful.

b- The measurement of grain sizes was conducted using separation by gravity methods which is very important to prescribe cost of the product.

c- The start of the work was after the collection of the funds. Question 3 Write a mixed (descriptive/informative) summary on this exam. Question 4 Show the techniques of cohesion between sentences used in the following text. A scrabble master is not born. Like the alphabet he uses, he is made. An enormous amount of training lies behind his apparent gift. The basic skill to develop is memorizing short words composed of two, three and four letters. First , all of the two-letter words must be memorized. Also learned are which ones can be pluralized and which one cannot. For instance ka can take an S and xu cannot. Next, all three-letter words like kab and those that stand alone like neb. After this, all four-letter words that hook to three-letter words (as rani and taro) must be memorized. Then all four-letter words are memorized. Short words are not the majority in the language, but they are disproportionately important in Scrabble. In a typical game, they account for three quarters of the words put down and for more than half of points scored. Knowing these two-, three-, and four-letter words makes possible the dumping of unwanted letters and the hoarding of important ones. This is called rack management.

Chemical, Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgy, M. Sc. Preparatory Make Up Exam 1998 / 1999 2/4

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Question 5 Comment on the following text New job descriptions. New ways of thinking and working. New challenges. And, in some cases, new people. Restructuring of SPE operations is largely completed (see this month’s SPE News section). The new structure reflects quite a departure from the old one.

First, generation and delivery of programs and products central to the Society’s mission is collected under the umbrella of Professional Programs and Publications (PPP). This group’s job is to serve the SPE membership –– member benefits, publications, meetings, short courses, Distinguished Lecturers, etc. –– not only well, but better. An important component in PPP is creation of a programs and publications advisor, whose job is to facilitate effective technology coverage through both established and new programs and to seek new ways of dissemination (videoconferencing is already under examination).

Second, support functions, including a consolidation of records maintenance and development of a new fulfillment area, are delegated to Finance and Administration. This change was a major step toward more efficient and cost-effective operations. We recognized that too many people were separately spending considerable time in gathering materials from a variety of locations to send somewhere and in trying to find the most cost-effective way to send them. By consolidating this responsibility into a single area, we should see significant improvements in efficiency and expenditures.

Third, activities whose purpose is to stimulate existing revenue streams and generate new ones to help fund PPP aims are assigned to the Enterprises group. This group includes a strong marketing and research element. Promotion of SPE programs previously was done on a largely fragmented basis, often by staff without sufficient knowledge, training, and resources to be most effective. A good marketing effort is important not only to let members know about what programs are available, but also to maximize income from revenue-generating activities to support other programs (member dues provide only about 19% of the Society’s income). The research element was considered especially critical to help SPE focus on what members need/want.

Like most reorganizations, this one wasn’t easy. It will be no surprise to many of you that this was a stressful period, both for those who participated on the reorganization team and those who waited to learn the outcome. Perhaps the biggest challenge was developing a structure that is best for SPE while knowing that the decisions being made could change some lives radically. Human nature being what it is, it can be difficult to keep one’s self-interest from affecting the view of the big picture. But professionalism and dedication prevailed, and I thank my colleagues for their commitment to SPE’s continued success.

Initial reorganization meetings were spent in looking at what we do and how we do it. Those meetings gave us the opportunity to article frustrations without own inefficiencies and redundancies that had crept in over the years. Subsequent meetings gave us the chance to do something about them. By the end of the process, we had learned that “structure” does not just mean lines of reporting; it’s how you perform tasks, how the organization behaves, how you communicate, and how you work together to achieve a vision. Question 6 Write one paragraph developing the message of the attached graph (Page 4). Define R. Observe the rules of planning and writing paragraphs.

Chemical, Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgy, M. Sc. Preparatory Make Up Exam 1998 / 1999 3/4

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Text for Question 1

Insert your answer directly on this page. Return same.

Metal contamination of the environment arises not only from natural

sources, but from industrial activity. Combustion of fossil fuels

releases about 20 toxicologically important metals into the

environment including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, and nickel.

Industrial products and used industrial material may contain high

concentrations of toxic metals. For example, mercury is used by the

chlor-alkali industry to produce chlorine and caustic soda in the pulp

and paper industry and in the production of battery cells, fluorescent

bulbs, electrical switches, paints, agricultural products, dental

preparations, and pharmaceuticals. Although both adults and

children may be exposed to lead dust from such industries as

battery manufacturing through contact with workers’ clothing,

children are frequently exposed to lead through leaking painted

chips. This exposure of children may be a major health hazard;

however, the environmental release of lead from the combustion of

tetraethyl lead containing auto or industrial fuels remains the

greatest source of exposure. Cadmium, a by-product of zinc and

lead mining, is an important environmental pollutant. It has many

industrial uses in paints, pigments, batteries, and plastics. Another

use is as an anticorrosive agent for steel, iron, copper, brass, and

other alloys.

Chemical, Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgy, M. Sc. Preparatory Make Up Exam 1998 / 1999 4/4

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Wish you the best of luck.

People tend to make

inference about

stated information

as they

any sentence.

read

Basic Roles of Elements of the EnglishSentence

dowhat?

what?

what?

what?when?

why? how?

what?

dowhat?

end.

As writer, you should satisfy readersexpectations as they read.

SV

O

O

Adverb clause

O